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List of spits of Ukraine

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Satellite image of the Azov Sea with major spits of both Russia and Ukraine numbered.
Satellite image of the Azov Sea with major spits labeled. Spits of Ukraine, in order, 1. Arabat, 2. Byriuchyi/Fedotova [uk],[a] 3. Obytichna [uk], 4. Berdiansk [uk], 5. Bilosaraiska [uk], and 6. Kryva [uk]. The Komysh-Burunska Spit [uk], although present in the image (near Russia's Chushka Spit numbered 13), is too small to see and is not marked itself. Ukraine's other spits are not shown.

Spits, also called sandspits, are long, narrow coastal landforms that resemble sandbars or embankments and protrude into a body of water from a headland. Spits are formed by the process of longshore drift, in which waves impact the headland at a sharp angle, depositing sediment and causing the water's currents to transport the sediment down the beach, allowing it to accumulate in the area of the spit. Through the process of wave shoaling, this accumulated sediment becomes increasingly curved, resembling the appearance of a fish hook as the waves refract around the spit's end.[1][2][3] Often lagoons and salt marshes will form behind spits.[4][5] There are numerous spits across the territory of Ukraine and, amongst the country's nine most geographically prominent spits, seven are located along the shores of the Sea of Azov. The remaining two spits, Kinburn Spit and Bili Kuchuhury, are located in the northwestern Black Sea, with the Kinburn Spit located close to the Dnipro–Buh estuary at the far western end of the Kinburn Peninsula and Bili Kuchuhury [uk], located in the Gulf of Tendra, between the mainland Yahorlyk Kut peninsula and the far western half of the Tendra Spit. Although called a spit, the Tendra Spit (Ukrainian: Тендрівська Коса, romanized: Tendrivska Kosa) in western Kherson Oblast is separated from the mainland by a narrow strait, thus making it geographically an island. In classical antiquity, Tendra Spit and the nearby island of Dzharylhach to the east both connected to the mainland coast to form a single, continuous spit called Achilles' Run.[b] Based on the combined current land areas of Tendra Spit and Dzharylhach, Achilles' Run would have had a total area of approximately 68.89 km2 (26.60 sq mi), making it one of the largest spits in Ukraine at that time.

The largest spit in Ukraine currently, and one of the largest spits in the world, is the Arabat Spit, which separates the western parts of the Sea of Azov from the Syvash, a large area of salty, shallow lagoons in Crimea.[6][7][8] Following the Russian occupation and annexation of Crimea in 2014, the Autonomous Republic of Crimea-portion of the Arabat Spit, as well as additional smaller spits located on the Crimean peninsula, came under the control of Russian forces, who de facto administered the territory as part of the unrecognized Russian Republic of Crimea.[9][10] Parts of the small, northern segment of the spit administratively located in Kherson Oblast, including the village of Strilkove, were also briefly occupied by unmarked Russian soldiers beginning from 15 March before their withdrawal on 9 December 2014.[11][12] After the Donbas war, the Kryva Spit located in Donetsk Oblast was also occupied in 2014, with pro-Russian militants taking the spit's area and neighboring settlement of Siedove.[13][14]

From the withdrawal of the Russian troops in December until the full-scale Russian invasion of Ukraine on 24 February 2022, the northern parts of the Arabat Spit were amongst the few areas geographically part of the Crimean peninsula that stayed under the control of Ukrainian authorities,[15][full citation needed] while the Kryva Spit remained under the control of separatist forces as part of the Russian-backed Donetsk People's Republic.[9] After the start of the full-scale invasion, the remaining northern segment of the Arabat Spit as well as the rest of Ukraine's Azov Sea coastline (including the five spits still under the control of Ukrainian authorities before 2022), were occupied by Russian forces.[9][16][15] In addition, following their offensive into and occupation of Kherson Oblast, Russian troops also occupied the Kinburn and Bili Kuchuhury spits.[17][18][19][15] The occupied spits were all integrated into Russia following its unilateral annexation of separatist-controlled and other Russian-occupied territories of Ukraine on 30 September 2022.[20] Since 2022, many of Ukraine's spits, including all of its Azov Sea spits, have been under Russian de facto control while the United Nations and most of the international community continue to recognize the territories as de jure part of Ukraine.[15][21][22][23]

Spits

[edit]
Spits of Ukraine
Spit Ukrainian name[c] Administrative division Geographic location Water body Area[d] Highest elevation[e] Coordinates
Arabat Spit Арабатська Стрілка[f] Crimea/Kherson[g] Separates the Syvash lagoons from the Sea of Azov Sea of Azov 395 km2 (153 sq mi) — 45°42′00″N 35°00′00″E / 45.70000°N 35.00000°E / 45.70000; 35.00000 (Arabat Spit)
Arrow Spit Коса Стрілка[h] Odesa[i] Located southeast of the nearby village Kairy [uk] on the Tylihul Estuary's western shore Tylihul Estuary —[j] — 46°55′51″N 31°00′04″E / 46.93083°N 31.00111°E / 46.93083; 31.00111 (Arrow Spit)
Bakalska Spit[k] Бакальська коса Crimea In the northwestern Crimean peninsula, extending from the village Sterehushche [uk] and north of Bakkal lake [uk] Black Sea — 1.3 m (4.3 ft) 45°46′00″N 33°11′00″E / 45.76667°N 33.18333°E / 45.76667; 33.18333 (Bakalska Spit)
Berdiansk Spit Бердянська коса Zaporizhzhia South of the city of Berdiansk Sea of Azov 7 km2 (2.7 sq mi) — 46°39′00″N 36°47′00″E / 46.65000°N 36.78333°E / 46.65000; 36.78333 (Berdiansk Spit)
Bili Kuchuhury[l] Білі Кучугури Kherson Extends from the far western half of the Tendra Spit towards the mainland Yahorlyk Kut peninsula through the Gulf of Tendra's waters Black Sea — 0.6 m (2.0 ft) 46°14′46″N 31°40′04″E / 46.24611°N 31.66778°E / 46.24611; 31.66778 (Bili Kuchuhury)
Bilosaraiska Spit Білосарайська коса Donetsk In the northeast of the Azov Sea, extending from the spit's namesake village of Bilosaraiska Spit [uk] Sea of Azov 44.45 km2 (17.16 sq mi) — 46°53′30″N 37°19′50″E / 46.89167°N 37.33056°E / 46.89167; 37.33056 (Bilosaraiska Spit)
Byriuchyi Island[m] Бирючий Острів Kherson In the northwest of the Azov Sea extending from Fedotova Spit Sea of Azov 27.92 km2 (10.78 sq mi) — 46°07′36″N 35°06′12″E / 46.12667°N 35.10333°E / 46.12667; 35.10333 (Byriuchyi Island)
Fedotova Spit Федотова коса Kherson/Zaporizhzhia[n] In the northwest of the Azov Sea, extending from Kyrylivka Sea of Azov — 3.6 m (12 ft) 46°17′52″N 35°18′13″E / 46.29778°N 35.30361°E / 46.29778; 35.30361 (Fedotova Spit)
Kinburn Spit Кінбурнська коса Mykolaiv Westernmost end of the Kinburn Peninsula Black Sea — — 46°33′30″N 31°31′40″E / 46.55833°N 31.52778°E / 46.55833; 31.52778 (Kinburn Spit)
Komysh-Burunska Spit[o] Комиш-Бурунська коса Crimea In the southern part of the city of Kerch Black Sea[p] — 1 m (3.3 ft) 45°16′05″N 36°26′06″E / 45.26806°N 36.43500°E / 45.26806; 36.43500 (Komysh-Burunska Spit)
Kryva Spit Крива коса Donetsk In the northeast of the Azov Sea, extending from Siedove Sea of Azov 0.05 km2 (0.019 sq mi) 2 m (6.6 ft) 47°03′00″N 38°07′58″E / 47.05000°N 38.13278°E / 47.05000; 38.13278 (Kryva Spit)
Obytichna Spit Обитічна коса Zaporizhzhia In the northern Azov Sea, separating Obytichna Bay [uk] from Berdiansk Bay [uk] Sea of Azov — 2.2 m (7.2 ft) 46°31′56″N 36°12′18″E / 46.53222°N 36.20500°E / 46.53222; 36.20500 (Obytichna Spit)
Ruska Spit Руська коса Mykolaiv Located on the left bank of the Buh estuary northwest of Lymany [uk] and across from Voloska Spit Southern Buh river — — 46°44′48″N 31°56′25″E / 46.74667°N 31.94028°E / 46.74667; 31.94028 (Russian Spit)
Spaska Spit[q] Спаська коса Mykolaiv Located in the Lisky [uk] neighborhood of Mykolaiv, on the city's left bank shore of the Buh estuary Southern Buh river — — 46°57′33″N 31°56′14″E / 46.95917°N 31.93722°E / 46.95917; 31.93722 (Spaska Spit)
Voloska Spit Волоська коса Mykolaiv Located on the right bank of the Buh estuary near Prybuzke [uk] and across from Russian Spit Southern Buh river — — 46°43′39″N 31°55′03″E / 46.72750°N 31.91750°E / 46.72750; 31.91750 (Voloska Spit)

See also

[edit]

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^ Byriuchyi Island is the larger portion of the feature shown while Fedotova Spit [uk] is the very narrow part that connects Byriuchyi to the mainland. Geographically, since a 1929 storm filled in the strait separating the two, Byriuchyi has been a continuation of Fedotova Spit's land.
  2. ^ Also called Achilles' Drome or Achilles' Trial.
  3. ^ Links to Ukrainian Wikipedia articles for each spit.
  4. ^ Spits without a recorded area are marked with a dash (—).
  5. ^ Spits without a recorded peak elevation are marked with a dash (—).
  6. ^ The name Арабатська Стрілка (Arabatska Strilka) translates to Arabat Arrow or Arrow of Arabat. Arabat Spit in Ukrainian is Арабатська Коса (Arabatska Kosa).
  7. ^ Mostly located in the Autonomous Republic of Crimea with a smaller portion in Kherson Oblast.
  8. ^ Links to the Ukrainian Wikipedia page for Arrow Spit Bird Reserve, which includes the territory of the spit as well as surrounding areas. There is currently no separate article on Wikipedia for the spit itself.
  9. ^ The spit borders immediately next to the administrative boundary between Mykolaiv and Odesa Oblast, although it is located fully within the territory of Odesa Oblast.
  10. ^ The protected area of the Arrow Spit Bird Reserve, which includes the Arrow Spit itself and surrounding wetlands, is 3.94 km2 (1.52 sq mi). The area of the reserve that is geographically part of the spit is not recorded.[24][25]
  11. ^ In the summer of 2010, the spit's northern end was separated by the sea and turned into an island.
  12. ^ Also known as White Kuchuhury.
  13. ^ Former island that became a geographical spit in 1929. Due to this, it is also sometimes referred to as Byriuchyi Spit (Ukrainian: Бирючий Коса, romanized: Byriuchyi Kosa).
  14. ^ Mostly located in Zaporizhzhia Oblast with a smaller portion in Kherson Oblast.
  15. ^ Also known as Arshyntsevska Spit (Аршинцівська коса) and before 1948, known as Churbashska Spit (Чурбашська коса).
  16. ^ Located in the Kerch Strait near the entrance to the Azov Sea but still within the Black Sea's waters.
  17. ^ Formerly known as Zhaburna Spit (Жабурна коса) until 1890.

References

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  1. ^ Allen, James R. (1982). "Spits". Beaches and Coastal Geology. Encyclopedia of Earth Sciences Series. pp. 789–792. doi:10.1007/0-387-30843-1_432. ISBN 978-0-87933-213-6.
  2. ^ Uda, Takaaki (2019). "Spits". Encyclopedia of Coastal Science. Encyclopedia of Earth Sciences Series. pp. 1623–1627. doi:10.1007/978-3-319-93806-6_297. ISBN 978-3-319-93805-9.
  3. ^ "spit: coastal feature". Encyclopædia Britannica. 20 July 1998. Retrieved 15 August 2024.
  4. ^ "Sediment Deposition at Sea". nps.gov. United States Department of the Interior. 2 October 2015. Retrieved 15 August 2024.
  5. ^ Zhang, Wenyan (12 August 2015). "SPIT". Encyclopedia of Estuaries. Encyclopedia of Earth Sciences Series. Springer-Link. p. 622. doi:10.1007/978-94-017-8801-4_125. ISBN 978-94-017-8801-4. Retrieved 15 August 2024.
  6. ^ Aristov, M.V. (11 October 2020). Арабатська стрілка [Arabat Spit]. vue.gov.ua (in Ukrainian). State Research Institution "Encyclopedia Press". Retrieved 16 August 2024.
  7. ^ "Mako's Water Taxi: Overview". Homer Chamber of Commerce & Visitor Center. Retrieved 16 August 2024.
  8. ^ "Arabat Spit". The Times of India. 5 August 2014. Retrieved 16 August 2024.
  9. ^ a b c Про затвердження Переліку територій, на яких ведуться (велися) бойові дії або тимчасово окупованих Російською Федерацією [On Approval of the List of Territories in which Military Operations are Conducted (Were Conducted) or Temporarily Occupied by the Russian Federation]. ips.ligazakon.net. Archived from the original on 23 May 2024. Retrieved 20 May 2024.
  10. ^ Конституция Российской Федерации [Constitution of the Russian Federation]. archive.government.ru (in Russian). Government of the Russian Federation. Retrieved 8 July 2024.
  11. ^ Grytsenko, Oksana (15 March 2014). "Russian troops invade Kherson Oblast, Ukrainians declare right to fight back". Kyiv Post. Retrieved 16 August 2024.
  12. ^ Россия убрала войска с Арабатской стрелки [Russia has withdrawn troops from the Arabat Spit]. Ukrinform (in Russian). 9 December 2014. Archived from the original on 17 July 2015. Retrieved 14 April 2016.
  13. ^ Про межі та перелік районів, міст, селищ і сіл, частин їх територій, тимчасово окупованих у Донецькій та Луганській областях [About the boundaries and list of raions, cities, settlements and villages, parts of their territories temporarily occupied in Donetsk and Luhansk Oblasts]. Official Website of the Parliament of Ukraine (in Ukrainian). 7 February 2019. Archived from the original on 26 May 2024. Retrieved 20 May 2024.
  14. ^ Gormezano, David (4 August 2024). "In Ukraine's Donbas, ten years of war and Russification". France 24. Retrieved 4 August 2024.
  15. ^ a b c d Barros, George; Stepanenko, Kateryna; Bergeron, Thomas; Mikkelsen, Noel; Mealie, Daniel; Belcher, Mitchell; Thacker, Tom. "Interactive Map: Russia's Invasion of Ukraine". storymaps.arcgis. Institute for the Study of War & American Enterprise Institute's Critical Threats Project. Retrieved 4 August 2024.
  16. ^ Tuckett, Caroline; Rowlands, Kevin (9 February 2024). "Drifting Away? Russia's Dissatisfaction With the Law of the Sea". Royal United Services Institute. Retrieved 16 August 2024.
  17. ^ Hird, Karolina; Stepanenko, Kateryna; Clark, Mason (10 June 2022). "Russian Offensive Campaign Assessment, June 10". Institute for the Study of War. Retrieved 22 November 2022.
  18. ^ Axe, David (14 November 2022). "A Strategic Strip Of Sand. Rumors Of Ukrainian Raids. As Russian Forces Retreat, Keep An Eye On The Kinburn Spit". Forbes. Retrieved 17 November 2022.
  19. ^ Что известно о гибели бойцов элитного украинского спецназа на Тендровской косе [What is known about the death of elite Ukrainian special forces soldiers on the Tendra Spit]. BBC News Russian (in Russian). 29 February 2024. Retrieved 17 August 2024.
  20. ^ Serhan, Yasmeen (29 September 2022). "Russia's Annexation of Ukrainian Territory Is a Sign of Military Weakness". Time. Retrieved 8 July 2024.
  21. ^ "Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 27 March 2014" (PDF). United Nations Department of General Assembly and Conference Management. 1 April 2014. Retrieved 27 June 2024.
  22. ^ "Ukraine's president pledges to 'return' Russia-annexed Crimea". Al Jazeera. 23 August 2021. Retrieved 27 June 2024.
  23. ^ "Temporary Occupation of Crimea and City of Sevastopol". Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Ukraine. 22 July 2022. Retrieved 8 July 2024.
  24. ^ Наявність землевпорядної документації з установлення меж територій та об’єктів природно-заповідного фонду Одеської області [Availability of land management documentation for establishing boundaries, territories and objects of the nature reserve fund of Odesa region]. odessa.gov.ua (in Ukrainian). 29 May 2009. Retrieved 6 September 2024.
  25. ^ "Kosa Strilka". Protected Planet. UNEP-WCMC. Retrieved 6 September 2024.
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