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The list of shipwrecks in September 1860 includes ships sunk, foundered, grounded, or otherwise lost during September 1860 .
List of shipwrecks: 2 September 1860
Ship
State
Description
Bertha
Hamburg
The koff sank 5 nautical miles (9.3 km) off Christiansand , Norway. Her crew were rescued. She was on a voyage from Newcastle upon Tyne , Northumberland , United Kingdom to Saint Petersburg , Russia .[ 5] [ 6]
SMS Frauenlob
Prussian Navy
The schooner foundered off Yokohama , Japan , in a typhoon with the loss of all hands.
Jackson
United Kingdom
The brig ran aground on the Pampus, off the coast of Zeeland , Netherlands. She was on a voyage from Newcastle upon Tyne to Rotterdam , South Holland , Netherlands.[ 5] [ 6]
Nathaniel
United Kingdom
The brig was run into by Siam ( United Kingdom ) and was severely damaged in the English Channel . She was towed in to Dover , Kent in a sinking condition.[ 2]
List of shipwrecks: 3 September 1860
Ship
State
Description
Anna
Norway
The ship was driven ashore and wrecked on Osmussaar , Russia . She was on a voyage from Newcastle upon Tyne , Northumberland , United Kingdom to Cronstadt , Russia.[ 4]
Einigkeit
Sweden
The ship was driven ashore on the "Tytlars", off the coast of Sweden. Her crew were rescued. She was on a voyage from Grimsby , Lincolnshire , United Kingdom to Narva , Russia .[ 2] [ 7] [ 8]
Julia
Netherlands
The ship ran aground at Archangelsk , Russia. She was on a voyage from Archangelsk to Amsterdam , North Holland . She was refloated and put back to Archangelsk.[ 9]
List of shipwrecks: 8 September 1860
Ship
State
Description
Amelia Hill
United Kingdom
The snow was wrecked in a gale at St. Ubes , Portugal; crew saved.[ 19] She had run aground entering the port the previous day on a voyage from Sines , Portugal to the Clyde , had been refloated and found to be leaky.[ 5] [ 1]
Hero
United Kingdom
The schooner collided with the brigantine Ceres ( United Kingdom ) and sank in the Sound of Rathlin . Her four crew survived; two were rescued by Ceres , the others reached land in a boat. Hero was on a voyage from Glasgow , Renfrewshire to Londonderry .[ 20]
Lady Elgin
United States
Illustration depicting the collision of Lady Elgin and Augusta from Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper , 22 September 1860. The Gurdon Saltonstall Hubbard -owned sidewheel paddle steamer was accidentally rammed, broke up and sunk during a gale by the schooner Augusta ( United States ) in Lake Michigan off Highland Park , Illinois . There were in excess of 400 dead including her captain. 18 reached shore in two of her boats, 14 off a raft. About 25% of those on board survived.[ 21] [ 22]
Leopoldina
United Kingdom
The ship foundered north west of Cape Finisterre , Spain. Her crew were rescued. She was on a voyage from Tavira , Portugal to Silloth , Cumberland .[ 23]
List of shipwrecks: 12 September 1860
Ship
State
Description
Ann Louise
United Kingdom
The full-rigged ship was driven ashore and wrecked at Schwarzort , Prussia . Her nine crew survived. She was on a voyage from Swinemünde to Memel .[ 28] [ 1] [ 9]
Bartley
United Kingdom
The snow was wrecked on Farø , Denmark. Her ten crew survived. She was on a voyage from Nyköping , Sweden to Ventava , Courland Governorate .[ 12] [ 1]
Faith
United Kingdom
The schooner ran aground on the Cork Sand, in the North Sea off the coast of Essex . She was on a voyage from Maldon, Essex to South Shields , County Durham . She was refloated and put back to Maldon in a leaky condition.[ 28]
Ino
United Kingdom
The barque ran aground on Smith's Knowl, in the North Sea off the coast of Norfolk . She was on a voyage from Cardiff , Glamorgan to Malmö . Sweden. She was refloated and taken in to Great Yarmouth , Norfolk in a leaky condition.[ 36]
Sylph
United Kingdom
The schooner was driven ashore at Lowestoft , Suffolk . She was on a voyage from Falmouth, Cornwall to Hull , Yorkshire . She was refloated and resumed her voyage.[ 36]
Worthy of Devon
United Kingdom
The barque was wrecked on Saaremaa , Russia. Her thirteen crew were rescued. She was on a voyage from Newcastle upon Tyne , Northumberland to Cronstadt , Russia.[ 37] [ 36] [ 1]
List of shipwrecks: 14 September 1860
Ship
State
Description
Bosphorus
United Kingdom
The barque was driven ashore at "Cape Hollanders". Her thirteen crew survived. She was on a voyage from British Honduras to a British port.[ 1]
Harbinger
United Kingdom
The barque was wrecked on the Middle Bank, in the Bristol Channel . Her twelve crew survived. She was on a voyage from Cardiff , Glamorgan to Maranhão , Brazil .[ 1]
Melona
United Kingdom
The brig was driven ashore and wrecked on Stoneskar, Russia . Her nine crew were rescued. She was on a voyage from Sunderland, County Durham to Cronstadt , Russia.[ 28] [ 1]
Mersey
United Kingdom
The Mersey Flat ran aground and sank at Conway , Caernarfonshire . Her crew survived. She was on a voyage from Rhuddlan , Denbighshire to Beaumaris , Anglesey .[ 44]
Punjab
United Kingdom
The barque struck the Seven Stones reef , between the Isles of Scilly and Cornwall , England . All but one of her crew and passengers was rescued by the brig Joshua and Mary ( United Kingdom ) and landed at Falmouth , Cornwall. Punjab was on a voyage from Algoa Bay to Amsterdam , North Holland , the Netherlands , carrying 300 tons of wool and hides.[ 45] [ 46]
Surprise
United Kingdom
The schooner caught fire in the North Sea due to her cargo of quicklime getting wet from a leak. She was on a voyage from Wick, Caithness to Sunderland, County Durham . She put in to Fraserburgh , Aberdeenshire .[ 28]
List of shipwrecks: 16 September 1860
Ship
State
Description
Bell
United Kingdom
The brig foundered in the Atlantic Ocean . Her eight crew were rescued by Margaritha (Flag unknown). Bell was on a voyage from Huelva , Spain to Glasgow , Renfrewshire .[ 1] [ 47]
Donnerstag
Dantzic
The full-rigged ship was driven ashore at Redcar , Yorkshire , United Kingdom . She was on a voyage from Chatham, Kent to Dantzic. She was refloated and taken in to Hartlepool , County Durham , United Kingdom in a leaky condition.[ 31]
Lynus
United Kingdom
The steamship was driven ashore at Dundalk , County Louth . She was refloated.[ 48]
Panic
United Kingdom
The ship caught fire at Hong Kong and was scuttled.[ 49] She was refloated on 28 September.[ 50]
Shepherdess
United Kingdom
The full-rigged ship was abandoned at sea. Her 52 crew survived. She was on a voyage from Akyab , Burma to Liverpool , Lancashire .[ 1]
List of shipwrecks: 19 September 1860
Ship
State
Description
Aurora
United Kingdom
The barque was wrecked at the mouth of the Hooghly River . All on board were rescued. She was on a voyage from London to Calcutta , India .[ 57] [ 1]
Coral Isle
United Kingdom
The barque was driven ashore and wrecked in the Strait of Belle Isle . She was on a voyage from Liverpool , Lancashire to Montreal , Province of Canada , British North America [ 58] [ 59]
Eliza
United Kingdom
The ship sprang a leak and was beached at Newport, Monmouthshire . She was on a voyage from Gloucester to Quebec City , Province of Canada , British North America .[ 53] [ 48]
Esmerelda
United Kingdom
The ship was driven ashore at Tilbury , Essex . She was on a voyage from New York , United States to London . She was refloated the next day and taken in to Gravesend, Kent .[ 53]
List of shipwrecks: 22 September 1860
Ship
State
Description
Ellen
United Kingdom
The schooner collided with the schooner Sealer ( United Kingdom ) and sank west of Ailsa Craig . Her crew were rescued by Sealer . Ellen was on a voyage from Troon , Ayrshire to Londonderry .[ 12]
Hero of Kars
United Kingdom
The brig ran aground on the Inner Shoal, in the North Sea off the coast of Suffolk . She was on a voyage from South Shields , County Durham to Alexandria , Egypt . She was refloated and taken in to Lowestoft , Suffolk.[ 12]
Maria Bergita Celia
Sweden
The steam yacht collided with the steamship Adler ( Bremen ) and sank off the mouth of the Humber with the loss of two of her crew. Survivors were rescued by Adler .[ 60] [ 61] Maria Bergita Celia was on a voyage from Stockholm to Hull , Yorkshire , United Kingdom .[ 9]
Neptune's Bride
United States
The fishing schooner ran aground and sank on Malcomb's Ledge , Maine in rain, fog and heavy seas. Lost with 12 of 14 crew, one crewman rescued from the masts by a boat from shore and the other survivor from her boat by a passing schooner from Belfast.[ 62] [ 63]
Queen of the Seas
United States
The full-rigged ship foundered in the South China Sea off Formosa in a typhoon with the loss of all hands. She was on a voyage from Liverpool , Lancashire , United Kingdom to Shanghai , China .[ 64]
Wanderer
United Kingdom
The steamboat was run into by the steamship Champion ( United Kingdom ) and sank in the River Tyne . Her five crew were rescued by Champion .[ 65]
List of shipwrecks: 23 September 1860
Ship
State
Description
Carlotta
United Kingdom
The ship was driven ashore at Cagliari , Sardinia . Her crew were rescued. She was on a voyage from Constantinople , Ottoman Empire to a British port.[ 66]
Corcyra
United Kingdom
The brig was wrecked at the Point of Jambrona. She was on a voyage from Badong, Bali , Spanish East Indies to Singapore , Straits Settlements .[ 1]
Five Sisters
United Kingdom
The ship departed from West Hartlepool , County Durham for London . No further trace, presumed foundered with the loss of all hands.[ 67]
Victoria
United Kingdom
The steamship was driven ashore at Trelleborg , Sweden. She was on a voyage from Cardiff , Glamorgan to Cronstadt , Russia .[ 12] She was later refloated and taken in to Copenhagen , Denmark, where she arrived in a leaky condition on 26 September.[ 68]
List of shipwrecks: 24 September 1860
Ship
State
Description
A. B. Chambers
United States
The steamboat sank in the Missouri River near St. Charles , Missouri .[ 69]
Acorn
United Kingdom
The ship was driven ashore at Sutton-on-Sea , Lincolnshire . She was on a voyage from London to Louth, Lincolnshire .[ 70]
Jantina
Netherlands
The ship was driven ashore on Læsø , Denmark. She was on a voyage from Amsterdam , North Holland to Stockholm , Sweden.[ 71]
Linda
United Kingdom
The barque was wrecked on the Goodwin Sands , Kent . Her nine crew were rescued by the lifeboat Northumberland ( United Kingdom ). She was on a voyage from Middlesbrough , Yorkshire to Alexandria , Egypt .[ 72] [ 73] [ 71] The wreck was refloated on 29 September and beached at Margate , Kent.[ 68]
Providence
United Kingdom
The schooner departed from Rosedale for Newcastle upon Tyne , Northumberland . Subsequently foundered in the North Sea off the coast of Yorkshire with the loss of all four crew.[ 74] [ 75]
Triton
Netherlands
The barque ran aground on the Taepingas Island Reefs and was abandoned by her crew. She was on a voyage from Hong Kong to Kanagawa , Japan .[ 76]
List of shipwrecks: 25 September 1860
Ship
State
Description
Ætna
United Kingdom
The brig ran aground on the Haisborough Sands , in the North Sea off the coast of Norfolk . She was on a voyage from Hull , Yorkshire to Trieste . She was refloated and taken in to Great Yarmouth , Norfolk.[ 70]
Amelia
United Kingdom
The barque was driven ashore and wrecked at Dungeness , Kent . Her seven crew were rescued. She was on a voyage from Havre de Grâce , Seine-Inférieure , France to Newcastle upon Tyne , Northumberland .[ 70] [ 1]
Anna Maria
France
The schooner was wrecked on the Owers Sandbank, in the English Channel off the coast of Sussex , United Kingdom . Her crew were rescued by the schooner Georgine ( Denmark ). Anna Maria was on a voyage from Honfleur , Manche to Sunderland, County Durham , United Kingdom.[ 77] She was towed in to Newhaven, Sussex in a derelict condition the next day.[ 78]
Ariel
Sweden
The barque was wrecked on the Goodwin Sands , Kent , United Kingdom. Her thirteen crew were rescued by the lifeboat Northumberland ( United Kingdom ).[ 72] She was on a voyage from Härnösand to Marseille , Bouches-du-Rhône , France.[ 71] Ariel was refloated the next day and towed in to Ramsgate , Kent.[ 70]
Choice
United Kingdom
The snow was driven ashore and wrecked on Saaremaa , Russia . Her eight crew were rescued. She was on a voyage from Newcastle upon Tyne to Cronstadt , Russia.[ 77] [ 1]
Engelina
Kingdom of Hanover
The ship was driven ashore and wrecked on Borkum , Denmark. Her crew were rescued.[ 68] She was on a voyage from Middlesbrough , Yorkshire , United Kingdom to Emden .[ 24]
Falcon
United Kingdom
The brig ran aground off Düne , Heligoland . She was on a voyage from Hamburg to an English port.[ 48]
Friends
United Kingdom
The schooner was driven ashore and damaged at Grainthorpe , Lincolnshire . She was on a voyage from King's Lynn , Norfolk to Stockton-on-Tees , County Durham .[ 77] She was later refloated and taken in to Grimsby.[ 70]
Friendship
United Kingdom
The schooner was driven ashore and sank at Grimsby , Lincolnshire. Eight people were rescued. She was on a voyage from Grimsby to Leeds , Yorkshire .[ 77]
George Andreas
United Kingdom
The ship was abandoned in the Swin . Her seven crew were rescued by the steamship Doris ( United Kingdom ). George Andreas was on a voyage from Hartlepool , County Durham to London .[ 24]
Jay
United Kingdom
The ship was driven ashore and wrecked at North Coates , Lincolnshire. She was on a voyage from Hartlepool , County Durham to Wells-next-the-Sea , Norfolk .[ 68]
Mary
United Kingdom
The ship was driven ashore at Hartlepool.[ 48]
Nautilus
United Kingdom
The ship was driven ashore at Thorpeness , Suffolk . Her crew were rescued. She was on a voyage from Seaham , County Durham to London .[ 48]
Poseidon
Norway
The brig was wrecked on the Goodwin Sands. Her ten crew and the ship's dog were rescued by the lugger Diana ( United Kingdom ).[ 72] [ 54]
Red Rover
United Kingdom
The schooner foundered in the North Sea . Her crew were rescued by Brutus ( United Kingdom ). Red Rover was on a voyage from South Shields , County Durham to Rochester, Kent .[ 60] [ 71]
Renard
Jersey
The schooner was driven ashore and wrecked at Dover , Kent. Her crew were rescued. She was on a voyage from Southampton , Hampshire to Seaham , County Durham.[ 48]
Tay
United Kingdom
The schooner was driven ashore and wrecked at Grainthorpe. She was on a voyage from Hartlepool , County Durham to Wells-next-the-Sea , Norfolk.[ 77]
List of shipwrecks: 26 September 1860
Ship
State
Description
Amelia
United Kingdom
The barque foundered in the Dogger Bank (55°15′N 4°19′E / 55.250°N 4.317°E / 55.250; 4.317 . Her eight crew were rescued by a Norwegian brig. She was on a voyage from Hartlepool , County Durham to Altona .[ 1] [ 79] [ 24]
Anna Maria
France
The schooner was abandoned in the English Channel . She was on a voyage from Harfleur , Manche to Newcastle upon Tyne , Northumberland , United Kingdom . Anna Maria was subsequently towed in to Newhaven, Sussex , United Kingdom by Donegal ( United Kingdom ).[ 24]
Atalanta
United Kingdom
The schooner ran aground on the Wollies, in the Bristol Channel and sank. Her crew were rescued. She was on a voyage from Newport, Monmouthshire to London .[ 70]
Barbadian
United Kingdom
The full-rigged ship collided with another vessel in the English Channel off the coast of Dorset and was abandoned. The other vessel sank. Barbadian ' s crew survived. She was on a voyage from London to Greenock , Renfrewshire . She was subsequently taken in tow by five fishing smacks .[ 77] [ 70]
Borderer
United Kingdom
The barque was abandoned at sea. Her fifteen crew survived. She was on a voyage from Akyab , Burma to Falmouth, Cornwall .[ 1]
Clementina
United Kingdom
The ship was driven ashore near the Clit Rock, on the coast of Devon and wrecked.[ 68]
Effort
United Kingdom
The ship was driven ashore on Gotland , Sweden. Her crew were rescued. She was on a voyage from Saint Petersburg , Russia to Leith , Lothian . She was refloated and taken in to Visby , Sweden in a leaky condition.[ 70]
Filice
France
The brig ran aground on the Longsand, in the North Sea off the coast of Essex , United Kingdom. She was on a voyage from Sarpsborg , Norway to Nantes , Loire-Inférieure . She was refloated and assisted in to Harwich , Essex in a waterlogged condition.[ 77]
Hano
Hamburg
The ship sank in the North Sea. She was on a voyage from Newcastle upon Tyne to Hamburgh.[ 68]
John Evans
United Kingdom
The schooner collided with Sarah Chase in the Irish Sea off Bardsey Island , Pembrokeshire and sank. Her four crew were rescued by Sarah Chase ( United Kingdom ). John Evans was on a voyage from Ardrossan , Ayrshire to Bayonne , Basses-Pyrénées , France.[ 80] [ 1]
Tonkes
Kingdom of Hanover
The koff foundered in the North Sea. Her crew were rescued. She was on a voyage from Newcastle upon Tyne to Hamburg.[ 79] [ 24]
Wakefield
United Kingdom
The brig sprang a leak and foundered in the North Sea 25 nautical miles (46 km) east by south of Flamborough Head , Yorkshire . Her crew were rescued by the smack Sir George Seymour ( United Kingdom ). Wakefield was on a voyage from Sunderland, County Durham to London.[ 24]
List of shipwrecks: 27 September 1860
Ship
State
Description
Amarite
United Kingdom
The whaler , a schooner , was lost in the Cumberland Strait .[ 1]
Aurora
United Kingdom
The ship foundered in the Dogger Bank . She was on a voyage from Hartlepool , County Durham to Altona .[ 1]
Catharina
Belgium
The ship departed from a port in Haiti for Antwerp . No further trace, presumed foundered with the loss of all hands.[ 81]
Chamois
British North America
The schooner capsized in a squall east of Saint Thomas , Virgin Islands with the loss of all but one of her crew. She was on a voyage from Saint Thomas to Inagua , Bahamas .[ 82]
Dispatch
United Kingdom
The brig was driven ashore at Egmond aan Zee , North Holland , Netherlands with the loss of six of her seven crew. She was on a voyage from Sunderland, County Durham to Rotterdam , South Holland , Netherlands.[ 1] [ 24]
Velocity
United Kingdom
The brigantine was wrecked near Saint Thomas.[ 82]
List of shipwrecks: 29 September 1860
Ship
State
Description
Helene
Flag unknown
The ship departed from Warkworth, Northumberland , United Kingdom for Riga , Russia . No further trace, presumed foundered with the loss of all hands.[ 84]
Hermina
United Kingdom
The ship departed from Newcastle upon Tyne , Northumberland for Itzehoe , Duchy of Schleswig . No further trace, presumed foundered with the loss of all hands.[ 85]
Margaretta Catharina
Netherlands
The ship was sighted off Helsingør , Denmark whilst on a voyage from Saint Petersburg , Russia to Harlingen, Friesland . No further trace, presumed foundered with the loss of all hands.[ 86]
William' s Adventure
United Kingdom
The ship ran aground and was holed at Deal, Kent . She was consequently beached. She was on a voyage from Newcastle upon Tyne to Deal.[ 24]
List of shipwrecks: Unknown date in September 1860
Ship
State
Description
Adam Young
United Kingdom
The schooner struck the Holm Sand, in the North Sea off the coast of Suffolk and sank. Her four crew were rescued by a Pakefield yawl .[ 54]
Africa
United States
The ship ran aground in the Gaspar Strait . She was on a voyage from Cardiff , Glamorgan , United Kingdom to Shanghai , China . She was attacked by pirates and set afire. Her crew survived.[ 88]
HMS Camilla
Royal Navy
The Helena -class brig disappeared without trace after departing Hakodate , Japan , on 1 September bound for Edo , and/or Kanagawa Japan. She presumably foundered with the loss of all hands in a typhoon on or about 9 September.[ 89] [ 41]
Edith
United Kingdom
The ship ran aground on Jordan's Bank, in Liverpool Bay . She was on a voyage from Liverpool , Lancashire to Dordrecht , South Holland , Netherlands. She was refloated and beached at Egremont, Lancashire .[ 8]
Fraanchod
Russia
The schooner foundered in a typhoon in the Bay of Yedo .[ 41]
Jacoba Margaretha
Netherlands
The ship foundered. She was on a voyage from Antwerp , Belgium to Smyrna , Ottoman Empire .[ 90]
Jeannie
Austrian Empire
The barque was driven ashore at West Hartlepool , County Durham , United Kingdom. She was on a voyage from Feodosiya , Russia to West Hartlepool.[ 4]
King Philip
United Kingdom
The full-rigged ship departed from London to Calcutta , India in late September. No further trace, presumed foundered with loss of all hands.[ 91]
Marine
United Kingdom
The ship ran aground off Hogland , Russia. She was on a voyage from Liverpool to Cronstadt , Russia. She was refloated and resumed her voyage, arriving at Cronstadt on 26 September in a leaky condition.[ 92]
Mars
United Kingdom
The smack was run down and sunk off "Noreland" by the steamship Cossack ( United Kingdom with the loss of two of her three crew.[ 93]
Moses Taylor
United Kingdom
The ship was driven ashore at Natashquan , Province of Canada , British North America . She was on a voyage from Quebec City , Province of Canada to Liverpool.[ 12]
Walmer Castle
India
The transport ship foundered between 2 and 17 September.[ 94]
Washington
Norway
The brig was discovered derelict in the North Sea by the steamship Svea ( Sweden ). She was towed in to Gothenburg , Sweden on 15 September.[ 12]
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^ a b c Larn, Richard (1977). Goodwin Sands Shipwrecks . Newton Abbott: David and Charles. p. 106. ISBN 0-7153-7202-5 .
^ "Gallant Lifeboat Services". The Times . No. 23736. London. 27 September 1860. col C, p. 9.
^ "Mercantile Ship News". The Standard . No. 11280. London. 6 October 1860.
^ "Marine Intelligence". Newcastle Courant . No. 9694. Newcastle upon Tyne. 12 October 1860.
^ "Mercantile Ship News". The Standard . No. 11325. London. 28 November 1860. p. 7.
^ a b c d e f g "Shipping". Morning Chronicle . No. 29240. London. 27 September 1860.
^ "Shipping Intelligence". Liverpool Mercury . No. 3940. Liverpool. 28 September 1860.
^ a b "Shipping". Morning Chronicle . No. 29245. London. 3 October 1860.
^ "Local and Provincial News". Manchester Times . No. 147. Manchester. 29 September 1860.
^ "Shipping Intelligence". Morning Chronicle . No. 29371. London. 27 February 1861.
^ a b "Shipping Intelligence". The Times . No. 23783. London. 29 October 1860. col B, p. 9.
^ "Ship News". The Times . No. 23873. London. 6 March 1861. col F, p. 12.
^ "Shipping Intelligence". Morning Chronicle . No. 29333. London. 14 January 1861.
^ "Marine Intelligence". Newcastle Courant . No. 9702. Newcastle upon Tyne. 7 December 1860.
^ "Mercantile Ship News". The Standard . No. 11334. London. 8 December 1860. p. 7.
^ "Shipping Intelligence". Morning Post . No. 27140. London. 11 December 1860. p. 7.
^ "Mercantile Ship News". The Standard . No. 11311. London. 12 November 1860. p. 7.
^ Neil, Samuel, ed., The Great Events of Great Britain: A Chronological Record of Its History From the Roman Invasion to MDCCCLXVI , London: Charles Griffin and Company, 1866, unpaginated page for "1860 A.D.–1860 A.D."
^ "Shipping". Morning Chronicle . No. 29237. London. 24 September 1860.
^ "Shipping Intelligence". Morning Chronicle . No. 29367. London. 22 February 1861.
^ "Mercantile Ship News". The Standard . No. 11279. London. 5 October 1860. p. 7.
^ "Local Intelligence". Hull Packet . No. 3948. Hull. 14 September 1860.
^ "Shipping Intelligence". Morning Chronicle . No. 29347. London. 30 January 1861.
Shipwrecks 1860–69, by month
1860 1861 1862 1863 1864 1865 1866 1867 1868 1869