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List of satellites in geosynchronous orbit

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

This is a list of satellites in geosynchronous orbit (GSO). These satellites are commonly used for communication purposes, such as radio and television networks, back-haul, and direct broadcast. Traditional global navigation systems do not use geosynchronous satellites, but some SBAS navigation satellites do. A number of weather satellites are also present in geosynchronous orbits. Not included in the list below are several more classified military geosynchronous satellites, such as PAN.

A special case of geosynchronous orbit is the geostationary orbit, which is a circular geosynchronous orbit at zero inclination (that is, directly above the equator). A satellite in a geostationary orbit appears stationary, always at the same point in the sky, to ground observers. Popularly or loosely, the term "geosynchronous" may be used to mean geostationary.[1] Specifically, geosynchronous Earth orbit (GEO) may be a synonym for geosynchronous equatorial orbit,[2] or geostationary Earth orbit.[3] To avoid confusion, geosynchronous satellites that are not in geostationary orbit are sometimes referred to as being in an inclined geostationary orbit (IGSO).

Some of these satellites are separated from each other by as little as 0.1° longitude. This corresponds to an inter-satellite spacing of approximately 73 km. The major consideration for spacing of geostationary satellites is the beamwidth at-orbit of uplink transmitters, which is primarily a factor of the size and stability of the uplink dish, as well as what frequencies the satellite's transponders receive; satellites with discontiguous frequency allocations can be much closer together.

As of July 2023, the website UCS Satellite Database lists 6,718 known satellites. Of these, 580 are listed in the database as being at GEO. The website provides a spreadsheet containing details of all the satellites, which can be downloaded.

Listings are from west to east (decreasing longitude in the Western Hemisphere and increasing longitude in the Eastern Hemisphere) by orbital position, starting and ending with the International Date Line. Satellites in inclined geosynchronous orbit are so indicated by a note in the "remarks" columns.

Western hemisphere

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Eastern Hemisphere

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In transit

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Dest­ination Satellite Satellite
bus
Source Operator Type Coverage Launch date, GMT, and vehicle Previous locations Remarks As of
65.0°W Star One C1 Spacebus 3000 B3 Brazil Star One Broadcast comsat 28 C-band
14 Ku band
1 X-band, covering South America
14 November 2007, Ariane 5 ECA 2007-11-14
53.0°E Skynet 5B, Syracuse 4a, 28°e E3000 UK Ministry of Defence/Paradigm Military comsat 14 November 2007, Ariane 5ECA 2007-11-14
5.0°E Sirius 4 A2100AX Sweden SES Sirius Comsat 52 Ku-band covering Europe
2 Ka-band covering Scandinavia
17 November 2007, Proton-M 2007-11-18
93.1°W Galaxy-25 FS-1300 United States 24 May 1997, Proton-K formerly Telstar 5 2008-11-20
105.0°W Galaxy-15 Orbital Sciences Corporation Star-2 United States Intelsat Television/Radio Broadcasting, WAAS PRN #135 13 October 2005, Ariane 5G 133.0°W drifting to libration point since loss of stationkeeping on April 5, 2010

Historical

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Date of disposal Satellite Satellite
bus
Source Operator Type Coverage Launch date, UTC, and vehicle Locations Remarks As of
USA 1
1986-11-16 Kosmos 1546 Blok D (Syncom, U.S.) USSR USSR Gov. Early warning Continental USA 29 March 1984, Proton K 24°W Deactivated 2002[17]
2006-10-01
20:37 GMT
Thaicom 3 Spacebus 3000 A Thailand Shin Satellite Comsat Middle East and South Asia 16 April 1997, Ariane 44LP 78.5°E Retired after power system failure 2008-01-01[18]
2008-11-09[19] NigComSat-1 DFH-4 Nigeria NASRDA Communication satellite 4 C-band, 14 Ku band & 2 L-band covering Africa. 8 Ka band covering Africa and Italy 13 May 2007, Long March 3B 42.5°E (2007–2008) Power system failure[19] 2008-11-19
2008-07-14 EchoStar-2 AS-7000 US Echostar/DISH Network Direct Broadcasting 11 September 1996, Ariane 4 119°W (1996–1999), 148.0°W (1999–2008) Failed in orbit 2008-07-14, slowly drifting east 2008-11-19
1994? DFS Kopernikus 1 (china nüre 1) deutschland Deutsche Bundespost / Deutsche Telekom AG Television and Radio Broadcasting 1989? 23.5°E, later 33.5°E No longer in use
2000? DFS Kopernikus 2 (taube scheiße 2) Germany Deutsche Bundespost / Deutsche Telekom AG Television and Radio Broadcasting 1990? 28.5°E No longer in use
2002? Helasat 1 (turkey nüre 1) Greece Deutsche Bundespost / Deutsche Telekom AG Television and Radio Broadcasting 1992? 23.5°E No longer in use
December 2004 Astra 1A GE-4000 Luxembourg SES Comsat Europe 11 December 1988
Ariane 44LP
19.2°E, 5.2°E Graveyard orbit
July 2006 Astra 1B GE-4000 Luxembourg SES Comsat Europe 2 March 1991
Ariane 44LP
19.2°E Originally built as Satcom K3. In graveyard orbit
2012 ? AMC-2 Lockheed Martin
A2100A
United States SES Television and Radio Broadcasting North America 30 January 1997
Ariane 44L (V93)
81°W, 81°W Formerly GE-2 (1997-2001). Drifting west 2.9°/day
17 May 2014 AMC-5 Aérospatiale
Spacebus 2000
United States SES Comsat United States, Canada, Mexico 28 October 1998
Ariane 44L (V113)
79°W Formerly GE-5, Nahuel-1B
In graveyard orbit
October 2014 NSS-703 Space Systems/Loral
SSL-1300
Netherlands SES Comsat Americas, Africa, Europe, Atlantic Ocean 6 October 1994
Atlas IIAS
29.5°E, 47°W Originally Intelsat 703
Drifting west
Active AMC-7 Lockheed Martin
A2100A
United States SES Comsat United States, Caribbean, Mexico 14 September 2000
Ariane 5G (V130)
137°W, 135°W Formerly GE-7, Drifting west 4.1°/day
2015 HS-376HP Comsat Europe 5 October 1998
Ariane 44L
Drifting west
February 2015 Astra 1C HS-601 Luxembourg SES Comsat Europe 12 May 1993
Ariane 42L
19.2°E, 5°E, 72°W, 1.2°W, 40°W Drifting west
June 2015 Astra 1E HS-601 Luxembourg SES Comsat Europe 19 October 1995
Ariane 42L
19.2°E, 23.5°E, 5°E, 108.2°E, 31.5°E Drifting west
July 2017 AMC-9 Spacebus 3000B3 United States SES Direct Broadcasting Canada, Caribbean, Central America, CONUS, Mexico 7 June 2003
Proton
83°W Formerly GE-12. In graveyard orbit
2018 ? NSS-806 Lockheed Martin AS-7000 Netherlands SES Comsat Americas, Europe 28 February 1998
Atlas IIAS
40.5°W, 47.5°W Originally Intelsat 806
Drifting west
February 2019 AMC-10 Lockheed Martin
A2100A
United States SES Direct Broadcasting Canada, United States, Mexico, Caribbean 5 February 2004
Atlas IIAS (AC-165)
135°W Formerly GE-10. In graveyard orbit
October 2019 Astra 1H HS-601HP Luxembourg SES Comsat Europe 18 June 1999
Proton-K
19.2°E, 52.2°E, 67°W, 47.5°W, 55.2°E, 43.5°E, 81°W Drifting west
November 2020 Astra 1F HS-601 Luxembourg SES Comsat Europe 8 April 1996
Proton-K
19.2°E, 51°E, 55°E, 45.5°E Drifting west
June 2021 Astra 2B Eurostar E2000+ Luxembourg SES Comsat Europe 14 September 2000, Ariane 5G 19.2°E, 28.2°E, 31.5°E, 20°W Drifting west
November 2021 Astra 1D HS-601 Luxembourg SES Comsat Europe 1 November 1994
Ariane 42P
19.2°E, 73°W, 47.5°W, 67.5°W, 52.2°E, 23.5°E, 1.8°E, 31.5°E, 24.2°E, 28.2°E Graveyard orbit
26 January 2023 Astra 2D HS-376HP Luxembourg SES Comsat Europe 20 December 2000, Ariane 5G 28.2°E, 5.2°E, 57°E, 60°E Graveyard orbit
January 2023 Astra 3A HS-376HP Luxembourg SES Comsat Europe 29 March 2002
Ariane 44L
23.5°E, 177°W, 86.5°E, 47°W Graveyard orbit
June 2023 Astra 1G HS-601HP Luxembourg SES Comsat Europe 12 November 1997, Proton 19.2°E, 23.5°E, 31.5°E, 60°E, 63°E, 51°E, 57°E Graveyard orbit
June 2024 Astra 2C HS-601HP Luxembourg SES Comsat Europe 16 June 2001
Proton
19.2°E, 28.2°E, 31.5°E, 60.5°E, 23.5°E, 72.5°W Graveyard orbit

References

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  1. ^ C. D. Brown (1998), Spacecraft Mission Design, 2nd Edition, AIAA Education Series, p. 81
  2. ^ "Ariane 5 User's Manual Issue 5 Revision 1" (PDF). arianespace. July 2011. Archived from the original (PDF) on 4 October 2013. Retrieved 28 July 2013.
  3. ^ "What is orbit?". NASA. 25 October 2001. Retrieved 10 March 2013. Satellites that seem to be attached to some location on Earth are in Geosynchronous Earth Orbit (GEO)... Satellites headed for GEO first go to an elliptical orbit with an apogee about 23,000 miles. Firing the rocket engines at apogee then makes the orbit round. Geosynchronous orbits are also called geostationary. Public Domain This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
  4. ^ "YAMAL 300K". N2YO.com. Retrieved 1 June 2021.
  5. ^ Jump up to: a b c d "NOAA Satellite Information System (NOAASIS)". NOAA. Archived from the original on 25 August 2018. Retrieved 26 July 2017. Public Domain This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
  6. ^ "GALAXY 12". N2YO.com. 5 April 2016.
  7. ^ Jump up to: a b c d e wikipedia list of Inmarsat satellites
  8. ^ "El ARSAT-2 llegó a órbita geoestacionaria" [The ARSAT-2 has reached the geostationary orbit] (in Spanish). ARSAT S.A. 10 October 2015. Retrieved 10 October 2015.
  9. ^ BulgariaSat-1
  10. ^ "Satellite Coverage Maps – Bulgariasat". Archived from the original on 3 December 2018. Retrieved 7 December 2017.
  11. ^ "Azerspace/Africasat-1a is prepared for Arianespace's first Ariane 5 launch in 2013".
  12. ^ "GALAXY 27 (TELSTAR 7) Satellite details 1999-052A NORAD 25922". N2YO. 5 April 2016.
  13. ^ "GSat 18". space.skyrocket.de. Retrieved 21 February 2018.
  14. ^ Jump up to: a b c d "NBN-Co 1A, 1B (Sky Muster 1, 2)". space.skyrocket.de. Retrieved 21 February 2018.
  15. ^ Amos, Jonathan (11 May 2018). "SpaceX flies 'lessons learned' rocket". BBC News. Retrieved 11 May 2018.
  16. ^ Jump up to: a b "NBN-Co 1A – Ariane 5 VA226 – Spaceflight101". spaceflight101.com. Retrieved 21 February 2018.
  17. ^ Podvig, Pavel (2002). "History and the Current Status of the Russian Early-Warning System" (PDF). Science and Global Security. 10 (1): 21–60. Bibcode:2002S&GS...10...21P. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.692.6127. doi:10.1080/08929880212328. ISSN 0892-9882. S2CID 122901563. Archived from the original (PDF) on 15 March 2012.
  18. ^ Sat ND | Failures – Thaicom 3
  19. ^ Jump up to: a b Hallah, Tashikalmah; Okeke, Francis; Muhammad, Hamisu (19 November 2008). "Nigeria: Nigcomsat-1 is Lost, MD Says". allAfrica. Retrieved 19 November 2008.
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