List of royal proxy marriages
This is a list of members of royal families who entered into a proxy marriage throughout history.
Pre 1000
[edit]- Clovis I King of the Franks to Clotilde, in 496. This is one of the first known proxy marriages in Western history.[1]
13th century
[edit]- Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor to Isabella II of Jerusalem, in August 1225
- Alfonso III of Aragorn to Eleanor of England, in 1282. Alfonso died in 1291 before the couple met.[2]
15th century
[edit]- Henry IV of England to Joanna of Navarre, in April 1402[3]
- Martin I of Sicily to Blanche I of Navarre, in May 1402
- John de la Pole to Margaret Beaufort, in 1450.[4] The marriage was annulled in 1453.[5]
- Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor to Anne of Brittany, in 1490[6]
16th century
[edit]- James IV of Scotland to Margaret Tudor, on 25 January 1502
- Ferdinand II of Aragon to Germaine of Foix, in 1505[7][8]
- Louis XII of France to Mary Tudor, in 1514[8]
- Christian II of Denmark to Isabella of Austria, in 1514
- Sigismund the Old, King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania, to Bona Sforza, on 6 December 1517[8]
- Charles II, Duke of Savoy to Infanta Beatrice of Portugal, in 1521
- Francis II, Duke of Milan to Christina of Denmark, in September 1533[9]
- James VI of Scotland and I of England to Anne of Denmark, on 20 August 1589[10]
17th century
[edit]- Henry IV of France to Marie de' Medici, on 5 October 1600
- Louis XIII of France to Anne of Austria, on 18 October 1615[11][12]
- Philip IV of Spain and Portugal to Elisabeth of France, on 18 October 1615[11][12]
- Louis XIV of France to Maria Theresa of Spain, on 2 June 1660[13]
- Charles I of England to Henrietta Maria of France, on 1 May 1625[14]
- Charles V, Duke of Lorraine to Marie Jeanne Baptiste of Savoy-Nemours, in 1662. Lorraine soon refused to recognise the union, it had not been consummated and it was annulled[15]
- James II of England to Mary of Modena on 20 September 1673
- Louis, Grand Dauphin of France to Maria Anna Victoria of Bavaria, on 28 January 1680
18th century
[edit]- Louis I of Spain to Louise Élisabeth d'Orléans, in November 1721
- Prince Eugenio of Savoy, Count of Soissons to Maria Teresa Cybo-Malaspina, Duchess of Massa, in November 1734. He died on 23 November 1734, before the couple met and the marriage was annulled on the grounds that it was never consummated.[16]
- Frederick II, Landgrave of Hesse-Kassel to Princess Mary of Great Britain, on 8 May 1740[17]
- Louis, Dauphin of France to María Teresa Rafaela of Spain, in 1744[18]
- Archduke Joseph of Austria to Princess Isabella of Parma, on 7 September 1760[19]
- Leopold II, Holy Roman Emperor to Maria Luisa of Spain, on 16 February 1764
- Ferdinand IV & III of Naples and Sicily to Maria Carolina of Austria, on 7 April 1768[20]
- Louis XVI of France to Marie Antoinette, on 19 April 1770[21]
19th century
[edit]- Napoleon I of France to Austrian Archduchess Marie Louise, on 11 March 1810[22]
- Maharaja Kharak Singh to Inder Kaur Bajwa, in 1815[23]
- Pedro I of Brazil to Maria Leopoldina of Austria, on 13 May 1817[24]
- Pedro II of Brazil to Teresa Cristina of the Two Sicilies, on 30 May 1843
References
[edit]- ^ Edwards, Karthryn Rae (2011). "Kicking the INA out of Bed: Abolishing the Consummation Requirement for Proxy Marriages". Hastings Women's Law Journal. 22: 55.
- ^ Macdonald, Fiona (16 February 2012). Royal Weddings, A Very Peculiar History. pp. 37–39. ISBN 978-1-908759-76-4.
- ^ "Joan of Navarre, French Noblewoman, Medieval Queen & Wife of Henry IV". Britannica. Retrieved 18 December 2024.
- ^ Jones, Michael K.; Underwood, Malcolm G. (1992). The King's Mother: Lady Margaret Beaufort, Countess of Richmond and Derby. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-44794-2.
- ^ Griffiths, Ralph Alan (1991). King and country : England and Wales in the fifteenth century. London ; Rio Grande, Ohio : Hambledon Press. p. 91. ISBN 978-1-85285-018-0.
- ^ Robin, Diana; Larsen, Anne R.; Levin, Carole (2007). Encyclopedia of Women in the Renaissance: Italy, France, and England. Bloomsbury Academic. p. 20. ISBN 978-1-85109-772-2.
- ^ Parker, Geoffrey (2019). Emperor: A New Life of Charles V. Yale University Press. ISBN 9780300196528. p. 553.
- ^ a b c Kosior, Katarzyna (2019), Kosior, Katarzyna (ed.), "Royal Weddings: Protocol, Identity, and Emotion", Becoming a Queen in Early Modern Europe: East and West, Cham: Springer International Publishing, pp. 23–59, doi:10.1007/978-3-030-11848-8_2.pdf?pdf=inline%20link, ISBN 978-3-030-11848-8, retrieved 18 December 2024
- ^ Broomhall, Susan; James, Carolyn (11 April 2024). Elite Women and the Italian Wars, 1494–1559. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-1-009-41596-5.
- ^ Stevenson, David (1997). Scotland's Last Royal Wedding: The Marriage of James VI and Anne of Denmark. ISBN 978-0-85976-451-3.
- ^ a b Kleinman, Ruth (1985). Anne of Austria: Queen of France. Ohio State University Press. pp. 22–23. ISBN 978-0-8142-0389-7.
- ^ a b Gosman, Martin; Macdonald, Alasdair James; MacDonald, A. Alasdair A.; Vanderjagt, Arie Johan (1 January 2005). Princes and Princely Culture: 1450-1650. BRILL. p. 284. ISBN 978-90-04-13690-8.
- ^ Wolf, John B. (John Baptiste) (1968). Louis XIV. New York: Norton. p. 121. ISBN 978-0-393-07414-7.
- ^ Toynbee, Margaret (1955). "The Wedding Journey of King Charles I". Archaeologia Cantiana. 69. pp. 75-89. Retrieved 18 December 2024.
- ^ Oresko, Robert (2004). "Maria Giovanna Battista of Savoy-Nemours (1644–1724): daughter, consort, and Regent of Savoy". In Campbell Orr, Clarissa (ed.). Queenship in Europe 1660-1815: The Role of the Consort. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9780521814225. pp. 16–55.
- ^ R. deputazione sovra gli studi di storia patria per le antiche provincie e la Lombardia. MIscellanea di storia italiana. 3a serie. Robarts - University of Toronto. Torino : Fratelli Bocca.
- ^ Weir, Alison (18 April 2011). Britain's Royal Families: The Complete Genealogy. Random House. ISBN 978-1-4464-4911-0.
- ^ Bernier, Olivier (1984). Louis the Beloved : the life of Louis XV. Garden City, New York: Doubleday. p. 113. ISBN 978-0-385-18402-1.
- ^ Stollberg-Rilinger, Barbara (18 January 2022). Maria Theresa: The Habsburg Empress in Her Time. Princeton University Press. p. 481. ISBN 978-0-691-21985-1.
- ^ Bearne, Catherine Mary (1907). A Sister of Marie Antoinette: The Life-story of Maria Carolina, Queen of Naples. T. Fisher Unwin. p. 66.
- ^ Fraser, Antonia (2001). Marie Antoinette: the journey. Garden City, New York: Doubleday. pp. 51–53. ISBN 978-0-385-48948-5.
- ^ de Saint-Amand, Imbert (2010). The Happy Days of the Empress Marie Louise. Miami: HardPress Publishing. ISBN 978-1-4076-4955-9. p. 40.
- ^ Griffin, Sir Lepel Henry (1890). The Panjab Chiefs: Historical and Biographical Notices of the Principal Families in the Lahore and Rawalpindi Divisions of the Panjab. Civil and Military Gazette Press.
- ^ Costa, Horácio Rodrigues da (1972). "Os Testemunhos do Grito do Ipiranga". Revista do Instituto Histórico e Geográfico Brasileiro (in Portuguese). 295. Rio de Janeiro: Imprensa Nacional.
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