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List of organizations designated as terrorist by the Philippines

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The following are a list of organizations designated as terrorist in the Philippines by the Anti-Terrorism Council under the Anti-Terrorism Act of 2020 which was signed into law on July 3, 2020 by then former President Rodrigo Duterte.[1] The implementing rules and regulations was approved by the ATC on October 14, 2020.[2]

The 2020 law replaced the Human Security Act of 2007, under which only the Abu Sayyaf was officially declared as a terrorist group in 2015.[3][4]

This excludes groups that are merely described as terrorists by political figures and groups outside this formal process, as well as organizations penalized for acts other than for terrorism explicitly.

Groups

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Islamic State

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The ATC has tagged multiple local based groups in the Philippines in 2020 who have pledged allegiance to the militant Islamist group Islamic State based in Iraq and Syria using multiple United Nations Security Council resolutions to justify the designation including Resolution Nos. 1373 and 2253. One noted incident was the Marawi siege of 2017.[5]

CPP-NPA

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The triumvirate of the Communist Party of the Philippines (CPP), the New People's Army (NPA) and the National Democratic Front (NDF) have been waging a communist rebellion against the Philippine government since the 1960s. Prior to the Anti-Terrorism Act of 2020 the government has outlawed them via the Anti-Subversion Act of 1957 which was repealed on 1992. Communist rebels including the CPP-NPA-NDF have pejoratively labeled by the Philippine military as "communist terrorist groups" (CTGs).[6]

President Rodrigo Duterte in December 2017 issued a proclamation declaring the CPP and NPA, but not the NDF, as terrorist groups.[7] He cited the Terrorism Financing Prevention and Suppression Act of 2012, although a judicial affirmation was needed for the designation under the Human Security Act of 2007.[8] A petition was filed in 2018.[5] There was no judicial affirmation and the 2007 law was repealed and replaced by the Anti-Terrorism Act of 2020.[9]

Under the Anti-Terrorism Act of 2020, the CPP and the NPA would be officially be designated as terrorist organizations by the ATC. The decision cited Duterte's proclamation in 2017 as well as the inclusion of the groups in terrorist list by the United States (Department of State list of Foreign Terrorist Organizations), European Union, Australia, United Kingdom, all in 2002; and New Zealand, in 2010.[5] The ATC would include the NDF on June 23, 2021 stating that the group is an integral and inseparable part of the CPP–NPA.[10]

The ATC cites 200 incidents recorded from December 2020 to August 2023 which it considers as constituting atrocities by the CPP-NPA. This includes the killing of 2021 Masbate City blast which killed youth footballer Kieth Absalon and his cousin via a improvised explosive device.[11]

Teves Group

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In 2023, the private armed group linked to Arnolfo Teves Jr. would be designated as a terrorist organization under the name "Teves Terrorist Group".[12] The ATC would cite political violence in Negros Oriental which culminated with the Pamplona massacre which saw the killing of then-incumbent provincial governor Roel Degamo.[13]

List

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Communist groups
Islamist groups
Other

References

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  1. ^ Esguerra, Darryl John (July 3, 2020). "BREAKING: Duterte signs anti-terror bill into law". INQUIRER.net. Archived from the original on July 4, 2020. Retrieved July 4, 2020.
  2. ^ Pulta, Benjamin (14 October 2020). "DOJ completes IRR of anti-terror law". Philippine News Agency. Retrieved 24 September 2024.
  3. ^ "Basilan RTC declares Abu Sayyaf terrorist group". The Philippine Star. Associated Press. 10 September 2015. Retrieved 24 September 2024.
  4. ^ "Lacson, Esperon cite weaknesses of Human Security Act". Philippine News Agency. 17 June 2020. Retrieved 24 September 2024.
  5. ^ a b c Nepomuceno, Priam (26 December 2020). "ATC tags CPP-NPA, ISEA, Maute, allies as terror groups". Philippine News Agency. Retrieved 24 September 2024.
  6. ^ Reyes, Miguel Paolo; Ariate, Joel Jr (16 August 2020). "Named Enemies, hidden targets: The Precursors to the Anti-Terrorism Act of 2020". VERA Files.
  7. ^ "Duterte declares CPP-NPA as terrorist groups". The Philippine Star. 5 December 2017. Retrieved 24 September 2024.
  8. ^ Viray, Patricia Lourdes (6 December 2017). "Explainer: What happens if CPP-NPA is declared as terrorists?". The Philippine Star. Retrieved 24 September 2024.
  9. ^ "Vera Files Fact Check: DILG Usec. Malaya wrongly claims NDF is listed as terrorist group by PH, other countries". VERA Files. 30 October 2020. Retrieved 24 September 2024.
  10. ^ Kabagani, Lade Jean (29 November 2023). "NSA: Removal of terrorist tags contingent on peace settlement with CPP-NPA-NDF". Daily Tribune. Retrieved 24 September 2024.
  11. ^ Ombay, Giselle (21 April 2024). "ATC redesignates CPP-NPA as terror group". GMA News. Retrieved 24 September 2024.
  12. ^ "Resolution No. 43 (2023)" (PDF). Anti-Terrorism Council. 26 July 2023. Retrieved 14 October 2023. hereby designates the "Teves Terrorist Group" as a terrorist group
  13. ^ Crisostomo, Sheila; Romero, Alexis (2 August 2023). "Teves brothers, 11 Degamo suspects tagged as terrorists". The Philippine Star. Retrieved 14 October 2023.
  14. ^ a b Romero, Alexis (22 April 2024). "Anti-Terrorism Council redesignates CPP-NPA as terror group". Philstar.com. Retrieved 24 September 2024.
  15. ^ a b Argosino, Faith (22 April 2024). "ATC maintains terrorist designation of CPP-NPA". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Retrieved 24 September 2024.
  16. ^ Argosino, Faith (22 April 2024). "ATC maintains terrorist designation of CPP-NPA". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Retrieved 24 September 2024.
  17. ^ a b c d e f "ATC Resolution No. 55" (PDF). 2023. Retrieved 24 September 2024.
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