List of oral repositories
Oral repositories are people that have been trusted with mentally recording information constituting oral tradition within a society, serving a crucial role in oral cultures and illiterate societies as repositories of knowledge, values, and morals.[1][2][3][4] They have been termed "walking libraries", leading to the saying "whenever an old man dies, it is as though a library were burning down".[5][6][7] Roles vary, and can be titular, formal or informal, some professional specialists such as the Caucasian ashik, or more commonly amateurs and knowledgeable generalists such as the Kuba bulaam.[8]: 36–39 Types of information could be genealogies, law, religious lore, literature and poetry (of which history is often entwined), songs and music, and knowledge. In many indigenous societies, such as Native American and San, these roles are fulfilled in a general sense by elders.[9][10] In some societies anyone could become a generalist or traditionalist regardless of their social class, and acquisition depended solely on individual aptitude, while in others the roles were hereditary and dependent on class or caste.[11]: 192–193
They are sometimes religious figures, and can play important roles in rituals and ceremonies.[12] With regard to narrative traditions, they usually perform from their repertoire and apply their own distinct style while innovating on a well-known tale or work, seeking to create an experience by leading, involving, and responding to the audience.[8]: 34 In some cases with regard to poetry they engage in improvised competitions, like the Central Asian aytysh, the Kabyle imusnawen, the Spanish repentismo , or the Ewe halo.[13][14] In many parts of the world they continue to serve as custodians of culture despite growing literacy rates.
Africa
[edit]Asia
[edit]
Europe
[edit]North America
[edit]Term | Type/s of information | Society/ies | Period |
---|---|---|---|
Calypsonian | Songs | Trinidadian | |
Iyalawo | Religious knowledge | Afro-Cuban | To present |
Medicine man | Religious knowledge | Native American | To present |
North American Indigenous elder | General | North American Indigenous | To present |
Paleros | Religious lore | Afro-Cuban |
South America
[edit]Term | Type/s of information | Society/ies | Period |
---|---|---|---|
Amauta | General | Incan | Until ? |
Yatiri | Religious knowledge | Aymara | To present |
Oceania
[edit]Term | Type/s of information | Society/ies | Period |
---|---|---|---|
Australian Aboriginal elder | General | Australian Aboriginal | To present |
Fagogo | Literature | Samoan | To present |
Ha'atufunga[85][86] | Royal rituals | Tongan | To present |
Haku mo'olelo[87] | Moʻolelo | Hawaiian | |
Kahuna | Religious lore | Polynesian, eg. Hawaiian | |
Mea hula | Literature | Hawaiian | To present |
Tulafale[88] | General | Samoan | To present |
Wānanga | General | Māori | To present |
See also
[edit]- Troubador - Occitan poet, until the 14th century
- Shadow play
- Rakugoka - Japanese performer of verbal comedy
- Bharatanatyam - Tamil traditional dance and literature
- Katha (storytelling format) - Indian religious storytelling
References
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