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List of least massive black holes

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Below there is a list of the least massive known black holes, sorted by increasing mass. The unit of measurement is the solar mass, equivalent to 2.0×1030 kg.

List

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Name Mass
(M☉) 		Distance
(ly) 		Companion class Mass determination method Notes Refs.
V723 Monocerotis 3.04±0.06 1,500 K0III Spectroscopic radial velocity measurements of companion. The companion star was identified in 2022 to actually be a warm subgiant [1] [1][2]
2MASS J05215658+4359220 3.3+2.8
−0.7		 10,000 K-type (?) giant Spectroscopic radial velocity measurements of noninteracting companion. In Milky Way outskirts. Recent Hubble ultraviolet data has suggested the companion to this object is actually a warm subgiant, and ruling out smaller compact companions such as a white dwarf.[3] [3][4][5][6]
GW190425's remnant 3.4+0.3
−0.1		 518,600,000 N/A Gravitational wave data of neutron star merger from LIGO and Virgo interferometers. 97% chance of prompt collapse into a black hole immediately after merger. Alternative study suggests collapse 2.5 hours later. [4][7][8][9]
NGC 3201-1 4.36±0.41 15,600 (see Notes) Spectroscopic radial velocity measurements of noninteracting companion. In globular cluster NGC 3201. Companion is 0.8M☉ main sequence turn-off. [4][10]
GRO J1719-24/
GRS 1716−249		 ≥4.9 8,500 K0-5 V Near-infrared photometry of companion and Eddington flux. LMXB system. [4][11]
4U 1543-47 5.0+2.5
−2.3		 30,000 ± 3,500 A2 (V)? Spectroscopic radial velocity measurements of companion. SXT system. [4][12]
XTE J1650-500 ≥5.1 8,500 ± 2,300 K4V Orbital resonance modeling from QPOs Transient binary X-ray source [13][14]
GRO J1655-40 5.31±0.07 <5,500 F6IV Precision X-ray timing observations from RossiXTE. LMXB system. [15][16]
GX 339-4 5.9±3.6 26,000 N/A [4]


See also

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References

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  1. ^ a b El-Badry, Kareem; Seeburger, Rhys; Jayasinghe, Tharindu; Rix, Hans-Walter; Almada, Silvia; Conroy, Charlie; Price-Whelan, Adrian M; Burdge, Kevin (2022-04-14). "Unicorns and giraffes in the binary zoo: stripped giants with subgiant companions". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 512 (4): 5620–5641. arXiv:2203.06348. doi:10.1093/mnras/stac815. ISSN 0035-8711.
  2. ^ Jayasinghe, T.; Stanek, K. Z.; Thompson, Todd A.; Kochanek, C. S.; Rowan, D. M.; Vallely, P. J.; Strassmeier, K. G.; Weber, M.; Hinkle, J. T.; Hambsch, F-J; Martin, D. V.; Prieto, J. L.; Pessi, T.; Huber, D.; Auchettl, K.; Lopez, L. A.; Ilyin, I.; Badenes, C.; Howard, A. W.; Isaacson, H.; Murphy, S. J. (2021). "A unicorn in monoceros: The 3 M⊙ dark companion to the bright, nearby red giant V723 Mon is a non-interacting, mass-gap black hole candidate". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 504 (2): 2577–2602. arXiv:2101.02212. Bibcode:2021MNRAS.504.2577J. doi:10.1093/mnras/stab907.
  3. ^ a b Bianchi, Luciana; Hutchings, John; Bohlin, Ralph; Thilker, David; Berti, Emanuele (2024). "Revealing the elusive companion of the red giant binary 2MASSJ05215658+4359220 from UV HST and Astrosat-UVIT data". arXiv:2409.06906. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ad712f (inactive 1 November 2024). {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of November 2024 (link)
  4. ^ a b c d e f Elavsky, F; Geller, A. "Masses in the Stellar Graveyard". Northwestern University.
  5. ^ Thompson, T. A.; Kochanek, C. S.; Stanek, K. Z.; et al. (2019). "A noninteracting low-mass black hole–giant star binary system". Science. 366 (6465): 637–640. arXiv:1806.02751. Bibcode:2019Sci...366..637T. doi:10.1126/science.aau4005. PMID 31672898. S2CID 207815062.
  6. ^ Kumar, V. (2019-11-03). "Astronomers Spot A New Class Of Low-Mass Black Holes". RankRed. Retrieved 2019-11-05.
  7. ^ Abbott, B. P.; et al. (2020). "GW190425: Observation of a Compact Binary Coalescence with Total Mass ~ 3.4 M ⊙". The Astrophysical Journal. 892 (1): L3. arXiv:2001.01761. Bibcode:2020ApJ...892L...3A. doi:10.3847/2041-8213/ab75f5. S2CID 210023687.
  8. ^ Foley, Ryan J.; Coulter, David A.; Kilpatrick, Charles D.; Piro, Anthony L.; Ramirez-Ruiz, Enrico; Schwab, Josiah (2020). "Updated parameter estimates for GW190425 using astrophysical arguments and implications for the electromagnetic counterpart". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 494 (1): 190–198. arXiv:2002.00956. Bibcode:2020MNRAS.494..190F. doi:10.1093/mnras/staa725.
  9. ^ Paul Sutter last updated (2022-09-16). "Strange quark star may have formed from a lucky cosmic merger". Space.com. Archived from the original on 2023-03-23. Retrieved 2023-03-30.
  10. ^ Giesers, B; et al. (2018). "A detached stellar-mass black hole candidate in the globular cluster NGC 3201". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society: Letters. 475 (1): L15–L19. arXiv:1801.05642. Bibcode:2018MNRAS.475L..15G. doi:10.1093/mnrasl/slx203. S2CID 35600251.
  11. ^ Chaty, S.; Mirabel, I. F.; Goldoni, P.; Mereghetti, S.; Duc, P.-A.; Martí, J.; Mignani, R. P. (2002). "Near-infrared observations of Galactic black hole candidates". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 331 (4): 1065–1071. arXiv:astro-ph/0112329. Bibcode:2002MNRAS.331.1065C. doi:10.1046/j.1365-8711.2002.05267.x. S2CID 15529877.
  12. ^ Orosz, Jerome A.; Jain, Raj K.; Bailyn, Charles D.; McClintock, Jeffrey E.; Remillard, Ronald A. (2002). "Orbital Parameters for the Soft X-Ray Transient 4U 1543-47: Evidence for a Black Hole". The Astrophysical Journal. 499 (1): 375–384. arXiv:astro-ph/9712018. Bibcode:1998ApJ...499..375O. doi:10.1086/305620. S2CID 16991861.
  13. ^ Slany, P.; Stuchlik, Z. (1 October 2008). "Mass estimate of the XTE J1650-500 black hole from the Extended Orbital Resonance Model for high-frequency QPOs". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 492 (2): 319–322. arXiv:0810.0237. Bibcode:2008A&A...492..319S. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:200810334. S2CID 5526948.
  14. ^ Determination of Black Hole Masses in Galactic Black Hole Binaries Using Scaling of Spectral and Variability Characteristics Shaposhnikov, Nickolai; Titarchuk, Lev; The Astrophysical Journal, Volume 699, Issue 1, pp. 453-468 (2009) doi:10.1088/0004-637X/699/1/453 Pdf
  15. ^ Motta, S. E.; Belloni, T. M.; Stella, L.; Muñoz-Darias, T.; Fender, R. (2014). "Precise mass and spin measurements for a stellar-mass black hole through X-ray timing: The case of GRO J1655-40". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 437 (3): 2554. arXiv:1309.3652. Bibcode:2014MNRAS.437.2554M. doi:10.1093/mnras/stt2068.
  16. ^ Foellmi, C.; Depagne, E.; Dall, T.H.; Mirabel, I.F (12 June 2006). "On the distance of GRO J1655-40". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 457 (1): 249–255. arXiv:astro-ph/0606269. Bibcode:2006A&A...457..249F. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20054686. S2CID 119395985.
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