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List of first women lawyers and judges in New York

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This is a list of the first women lawyer(s) and judge(s) in New York. It includes the year in which the women were admitted to practice law (in parentheses). Also included are women who achieved other distinctions such becoming the first in their state to graduate from law school or become a political figure.

Firsts in state history

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Jean H. Norris: First female magistrate in New York (1919)
Jane Bolin: First African American female judge in New York

Lawyers

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State judges

[edit]
  • Jean H. Norris:[16][17][18] First female magistrate in New York (1919)
  • Rebekah Bettelheim Kohut:[19] First female judge on the Jewish Court of Arbitration in New York City (1927)
  • Justine W. Polier:[20] First female judge in New York (1936)
  • Jane Bolin (1932):[21][22][23] First African American female judge in New York (1939)
  • Dorothy Chin Brandt (1975):[24][25] First Asian-American elected official in New York; First Asian-American (Chinese-American) female judge in New York (1987).
  • Faviola Soto (1979):[26][27][28] First Dominican American (female) elected as a judge in New York (1994) and serve on the New York Court of Claims
  • Margareth Jourdan:[29][30] First Haitian American (female) judge in New York (2001)
  • Wavny Toussaint:[31] First Trinidadian American (female) elected as a judge in New York (upon being elected to the New York City Civil Court of Kings County in 2002)
  • Toko Serita:[32] First Japanese American female judge in New York (2005)
  • Margarita Lopez-Torres:[32][33] First Latino American (female) to serve as a Surrogate in New York State (2006)
  • Carmen Velasquez:[34] First Ecuadorian American (female) elected as a judge in New York (2009)
  • Mojgan Lanman:[35] First Iranian American (female) elected as a judge in New York (2014)
  • Raja Rajeswari (1999):[36][37] First Indian American and South Asian female judge in New York (2015)
  • Kathryn S. Paek (1997):[38][39] First Korean American female appointed judge in New York (2015)
  • Dweynie Esther Paul:[40] First Haitian American (female) elected as a civil court judge in New York (2015)
  • Judy Kim (1989):[41] First Korean American female elected judge in New York (2016)
  • Rachel Freier (2006):[42] First Hasidic Jewish American female judge in New York (2017)
  • Connie Mallafre Melendez (1987):[43][44] First Cuban American female elected as a judge in New York (2017)
  • Lillian Wan (2000):[45] First Asian American female to become a Judge of the New York Court of Claims (2018)
  • Soma Syed:[46] First Bangladeshi American and Muslim female elected as a judge in New York (upon becoming a judge in New York City's Queens County in 2021)
  • Edit Shkreli:[47][48] First Albanian American (female) judge in New York (2023)

Supreme Court

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  • Birdie Amsterdam (1922):[32] First female to become a Justice of the New York State Supreme Court (the state's highest trial court) (1959)
  • Betty Weinberg Ellerin (1952):[32] First female appointed as an Associate Justice of the New York State Supreme Court (1985)
  • Myriam Altman:[49] Co-First female Justice appointed to Commercial Pilot Parts in New York State Supreme Court, New York County (1993)
  • Beatrice Shainswit:[50] Co-First female Justice appointed to Commercial Pilot Parts in New York State Supreme Court, New York County (1993)
  • Carolyn E. Demarest:[51] First female Justice appointed to New York Supreme Court Commercial Division, Brooklyn, Kings County (2002)
  • Elizabeth Hazlitt Emerson:[52][53] First female Justice appointed to New York Supreme Court Commercial Division, Suffolk County (2002)
  • Deborah H. Karalunas:[54] First female Justice appointed to New York Supreme Court Commercial Division, Onandaga County (2007)
  • Mary Johnson Lowe (1955):[32] First African American female elected to the New York State Supreme Court (1977)
  • Irma Vidal Santaella (1961):[11] First Puerto Rican American female appointed as a Justice of the New York Supreme Court (1983)
  • Marcy Kahn (1975):[55] First openly LGBT female appointed as a Justice of the New York State Supreme Court (1994)
  • Doris Ling-Cohan (1979):[56][32] First Asian American female elected to the New York State Supreme Court (2002)
  • Diccia Pineda-Kirwan:[57] First Hispanic American female to be elected to the New York State Supreme Court (2009)
  • Carmen Velasquez:[34] First Ecuadorian American (female) to serve as a Judge for the Civil Court and Supreme Court of the State of New York (2015)

Supreme Court, Appellate Division (By Department)

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  • Betty Weinberg Ellerin (1952):[32] First female appointed as the Presiding Justice of the Appellate Division, New York State Supreme Court, First Department (1999)
  • Rosalyn Richter (1979):[58] First openly LGBT female appointed as a Justice of the Appellate Division, New York State Supreme Court, First Department (2009)
  • Dianne Renwick (1986):[32] First African American female appointed as a Justice of the Appellate Division, New York State Supreme Court, First Department (2008)
  • Sallie Manzanet-Daniels:[32] First Hispanic American female Justice of the New York State Supreme Court, Appellate Division, First Department (2009)
  • Bianka Perez:[59] First Dominican American (female) to serve as a Justice of the New York State Supreme Court, Appellate Division, First Department (2023)
  • Geraldine T. Eiber:[32] First female appointed as a Justice of the Appellate Division, New York State Supreme Court, Second Department (1984)
  • Sandra L. Townes:[32] First African American female appointed as a Justice of the Appellate Division, New York State Supreme Court, Second Department (2001)
  • A. Gail Prudenti:[32] First female appointed as the Presiding Justice of the Appellate Division, New York State Supreme Court, Second Department (2002)
  • Betsy Barros:[32] First Hispanic American female appointed as a Justice of the Appellate Division, New York State Supreme Court, Second Department (2014)
  • Karen K. Peters:[32] First female elected as a Justice of the New York State Supreme Court, Third Department (1992). She later became the first female to become the Presiding Justice of the Third Department (2012).
  • Ann T. Mikoll:[32] First female appointed as a Justice of the Appellate Division, New York State Supreme Court, Third Department (1977)
  • Elizabeth A. Garry:[32] First openly LGBT female appointed as a Justice of the Appellate Division, New York State Supreme Court, Third Department (2009)
  • M. Dolores Denman:[32] First female appointed as an Associate Justice of the Appellate Division, New York State Supreme Court, Fourth Department (1977). She later became the first female to serve as the Presiding Justice of the Fourth Department (1991).
  • Rose Sconiers:[32] First female (and African American female) appointed as a Justice of the Appellate Division, New York State Supreme Court, Fourth Department (2010)
  • Ann C. Crowell:[60] First female appointed as a Justice of the New York State Supreme Court, Fourth Judicial District (2011)
  • Christina Ryba:[61] First African African female appointed as a Justice of the New York State Supreme Court, Third Judicial District (2015)
  • Grace Hanlon:[62] First openly LGBT female appointed as a Justice of the New York Supreme Court, Eighth Judicial District (2022)

Appellate Court

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Chief Administrator

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  • Ann Pfau:[32] First female to serve as the Chief Administrative Judge of the State of New York (2007)
  • Betty Weinberg Ellerin:[32] First female to serve as the Deputy Chief Administrative Judge of the State of New York (1982)
  • Fern Fisher:[32] First African American female to serve as the Deputy Chief Administrative Judge of the State of New York (2009)

Federal judges

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Attorneys General

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Deputy Attorney General

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  • Julie R. Jenny:[88] First female to serve as the Deputy Attorney General for New York (1923)

Assistant Attorney General

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  • Julie R. Jenny (1894):[89] First female to serve as the Assistant Attorney General for New York (1920)

Solicitor General

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  • Ruth Kessler Toch:[64] First female Solicitor General of New York (1966)

United States Attorney

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Assistant United States Attorney

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Special Assistant U.S. Attorney

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County Attorney

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District Attorney

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  • Charlotte Smallwood-Cook:[104] First female elected as a District Attorney in New York (1950-1953)

Assistant District Attorney

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  • Helen P. McCormick (1913):[105][106] First female to serve as an Assistant District Attorney in New York (1918)
  • Eunice Carter (1933):[107][108][109] First African American female to serve as an Assistant District Attorney in New York (1935). She was considered New York's first African American female prosecutor.[110]

Political Office

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  • Mary Lilly (1895):[111] First female (a lawyer) elected to the New York State legislature (1918)
  • Geraldine Ferraro (1961):[112] First female (a lawyer) vice presidential candidate for a major U.S. political party (1984)
  • Hillary Clinton (1973):[113] First female (a lawyer) Senator for New York (2000). She would later become the first female U.S. presidential candidate for a major political party (2016)
  • Kathy Hochul:[114] First female (a lawyer) to serve as the Governor of New York (2021)
  • Jenifer Rajkumar:[115] First South Asian-Indian American female (a lawyer) elected to a New York State office (2021)

Bar Association

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  • Maryann Saccomando Freedman (1958):[111] First female President of the New York State Bar Association (1987)

Firsts in local history

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Alphabetized by county name

Regions

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New York City (in general)

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  • Jean H. Norris:[16][17][18] First female magistrate in New York City, New York (1919)
  • Clarice Baright (1905):[120] First Jewish female magistrate in New York City, New York (c. 1925)
  • Jane Bolin (1932):[21][22][23] First African American female admitted to the New York City Bar Association and to join the New York City Law Department
  • Mary Bednar:[32] First openly LGBT female to serve on the New York City Family Court (1986)
  • Patricia DiMango:[121][122] First Italian American female to serve as a Judge of the Criminal Court of the City of New York (1995)
  • Diccia Pineda-Kirwan:[57] First Hispanic American female to be elected as Judge of the Civil Court (2002)
  • Toko Serita:[32] First Japanese American female appointed to the New York City Criminal Court (2005)
  • Lillian Wan:[32] First Asian American female to serve on the Family Court in New York City (2012)
  • Judy Kim:[123][124] First Korean American female elected judge in New York City, New York (2016)
  • Doris Ling-Cohan (1979):[125][126] First Asian American elected in district that includes Manhattan's Chinatown (1995), when elected to Civil Court.
  • Barbara Paul Robinson:[127] First female to serve as the President of the New York City Bar Association
  • Sheila Boston:[128] First African American female to serve as the President of the New York City Bar Association (2020)
  • Georgia Pestana:[129] First female (who is of Latino descent) to lead the New York City Law Department (2021)

Albany County

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  • Margaret Walsh:[32] First openly LGBT female elected as a Judge of the Albany County Family Court, Third Department (2004)
  • Mae D’Agostino:[119] First female from Albany to serve as a Judge of the Northern District Court of New York (2011)
  • Jasmine Norman:[130] First African American (female) to serve as a Judge of Watervliet City Court, Albany County, New York (2024)

Bronx County (New York City)

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  • Cira Martinez:[131] First Hispanic female to serve as a Judge of the Bronx Family Court (1992) [Bronx County, New York]
  • Doris Gonzalez:[132] First female (and Latino American female) to serve as a Justice of the Bronx Supreme Court, New York (2007)
  • Nelida Malave-Gonzales:[32] First Hispanic American female elected as the Surrogate in the Bronx (2012) [Bronx County, New York]
  • Darcel Clark:[133] First female District Attorney for Bronx County, New York (2016)
  • Edit Shkreli:[47][48] First Albanian American (female) elected as a judge in Bronx County, New York (2023)

Broome County

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  • Kathryn Grant Madigan:[134] First female President of the Broome County Bar Association (1988)
  • Mary Anne Lehmann:[135] First woman elected to a full time judgeship on the Binghamton City Court (1997) and as an Acting Judge of the Broome County Court (2002)

Cattaraugus County

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Cayuga County

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Chautauqua County

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Chemung County

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Chenango County

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Columbia County

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Delaware County

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Dutchess County

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Erie County

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  • Helen Z.M. Rodgers and Cecilia Bertha Wiener (1899):[5][147] First women to graduate from the University at Buffalo School [Erie County, New York]
  • Helen Z.M. Rodgers (1899):[5] First female lawyer in Buffalo, New York [Erie County, New York]
  • Winifred Claire Stanley (1934):[148] First female to serve as the Assistant District Attorney for Erie County, New York (c. 1940)
  • Carol McCormick Crosswell Smith (1945):[147] First female lawyer from Erie County to join the United Nations' legal staff (1948)
  • Barbara Merriweather Sims (1955):[149] First African American female to graduate from the University of Buffalo [Erie County, New York]
  • Madge Taggart:[147] First female to serve as the Buffalo City Court Judge (1952) and an Erie County Family Court Judge (1962)
  • Rose LaMendola:[147] First female to become a Judge of the Erie County Court Judge (1974)
  • Maryann Saccomando Freedman:[147] First female lawyer to become president of the New York Bar Foundation (1974), the Bar Association of Erie County (1981), and the New York State Bar Association (1987)
  • Barbara Howe:[150] First female to serve as a surrogate judge for Erie County, New York (2003)
  • Betty Calvo-Torres: First Hispanic female to serve on the Buffalo City Court bench (2007)

Essex County

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Franklin County

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Genesee County

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  • Fern Kathleen Acomb:[153][154] First female Public Defender for Genesee County, New York

Herkimer County

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Jefferson County

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Kings County (New York City)

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  • Jeanette G. Brill (1910):[159][160] First female magistrate in Brooklyn, New York (Kings County, New York; 1929)
  • Elizabeth Holtzman (1965):[161] First female District Attorney for Kings County, New York (1982-1989)
  • Patricia DiMango:[121][122] First Italian American female to serve as a Justice of the Supreme Court of Kings County, New York (2002)
  • Margarita Lopez-Torres:[32][33] First Latino American female elected to the Civil Court (1992) and serve as the Surrogate in Kings County (2006)
  • Betsy Barros:[32] First Hispanic American female elected to the Supreme Court of Kings County, New York (1997)
  • Debra Silber:[162] First openly LGBT female elected to the Civil Court in Kings County, New York (1998)
  • Lynn Terrelonge:[163] First Black (female) President of the Brooklyn Bar Association (2001)
  • ShawnDya L. Simpson:[164] First Panamanian-American (female) to serve as a Judge of the Brooklyn Supreme Court (2017)

Livingston County

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Monroe County

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  • Patricia D. Marks [167] First female elected as a Monroe County Court Judge (Monroe County, New York: 1984)
  • Ellen Yacknin:[32] First openly LGBT female elected as a Judge of the City Court of Rochester, Fourth Department (Monroe County, New York; 2002)
  • Sandra Dooley:[168] First female District Attorney for Monroe County, New York (2011)
  • Paula C. Metzler:[169] First female elected as Penfield Town Justice (2019)
  • Karen Bailey Turner:[170] First African American (female) to serve as a Judge of the Monroe County Court (2019)

Nassau County

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  • H. Barteau:[171] First female lawyer in Nassau County, New York
  • Grace D. Moran:[172] First female to serve as the President of the Nassau County Bar Association (1994)
  • Kathleen Rice:[173] First female District Attorney for Long Island (c. 2010) [Nassau County, New York]
  • Linda Kelly Mejias-Glover:[174] First Latino American female to serve as a Judge of the Nassau County Family Court (2017)

New York County (New York City)

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  • Joan Lobis:[32] First openly LGBT female elected to the New York City Supreme Court (1992), as well as the Civil Court in New York County
  • Rita Mella:[32] First Hispanic American female elected as the Surrogate in New York County (2012)
  • Doris Ling-Cohan (1979):[175][126] First Asian American female elected to the New York State Supreme Court (2002) and first Asian American female appointed to a New York State appellate court. First Asian American elected in district that includes Manhattan's Chinatown (1995), when elected to Civil Court.

Niagara County

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Oneida County

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Onondaga County

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  • Julie R. Jenny (1894):[116] First female lawyer in Onondaga County, New York
  • M. Catherine Richardson:[180] First female to serve as President of the Onondaga County Bar Association (1987)

Ontario County

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  • Carrie Crane (1901):[181] First female lawyer in Ontario County, New York [specifically Canandaigua, New York]
  • Holly Adams:[182] First female appointed as County Attorney for Ontario County, New York (2018) [specifically Canandaigua, New York]
  • Kristina "Kitty" Karle:[183] First female to become a Judge of the Ontario County Court in New York (2018)

Orange County

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Oswego County

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Queens County (New York City)

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  • Mojgan Lanman:[35] First Iranian American female to serve as a Judge of the New York City Civil Court Queens County (2014)
  • Diccia Pineda-Kirwan: First Hispanic American female elected as a Judge of the Civil Court in Queens County, New York (2002)
  • Lourdes Ventura:[187] First Latino American female to serve as the President of the Queens County Bar Association, New York (2015)
  • Chereé A. Buggs:[188] First African American female judge elected in Queens County to be appointed to the Appellate Term (2023)

Rensselaer County

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Richmond County

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  • Soukaina Sourouri:[191] First Arab American male to serve as President of the Staten Island Women’s Bar Association (2023)

Rockland County

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Saratoga County

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  • Francine Vero:[194] First female to serve as a Judge of the City Court in Saratoga Springs, New York [Saratoga County, New York]
  • Dianne N. Freestone:[195][196] First female to serve as an Assistant Public Defender for Saratoga County, New York (1987-1989)
  • Jennifer Jensen Bergan:[197] First female elected as Judge of the Saratoga County Family Court Judge (2011)
  • Karen Heggen:[198] First female District Attorney for Saratoga County, New York (2015)

Schenectady County

[edit]
  • Teneka Frost:[199] First African American female (and African American in general) to become a Judge of the Schenectady City Court (2018) [Schenectady County, New York]

Schoharie County

[edit]

Steuben County

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  • Jennifer Donlon (2000):[202][203] First female lawyer in Hornell, New York (Steuben County, New York)
  • Susan B. Florek (1980):[204] First Female Assistant District Attorney in Steuben County, New York

Suffolk County

[edit]
  • Lucy L. Liedtke (1913) and Syrena Stackpole (1919):[205][206] First female lawyers respectively in Suffolk County, New York
  • Bertha Rembaugh:[207] First female Justice of the Peace for Huntington, New York (1938-1945) [Suffolk County, New York]
  • Catherine T. England (1940):[12] First female Judge of the Suffolk County Family Court and first female Justice of the Suffolk County Supreme Court
  • Anne Mead (1951):[12] First female judge of the District Court in Suffolk County, New York
  • Marguerite A. Smith (1975):[12] First Native American (Shinnecock Indian Nation) female lawyer in Suffolk County, New York
  • Rita Adler (1975):[12] First female Assistant District Attorney in Suffolk County, New York
  • Mary M. Werner (1978):[12] First female District Administrative Judge in Suffolk County, New York
  • Valerie S. Manzo (1980):[12] Co-founder and first President of Suffolk County Women's Bar Association
  • Patricia E. Salkin (1989):[12] First female lawyer to become a school Dean in Suffolk County, New York
  • Christine Malafi (1991):[12] First female County Attorney of Suffolk County, New York
  • Victoria Gumbs-Moore:[208] First African American (female) elected as a Judge of the Family Court in Suffolk County, New York (2020)

Sullivan County

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Tompkins County

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  • Georgia Hare (1913):[212] First female lawyer in Tompkins County, New York

Ulster County

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  • Karen Peters:[213] First female to a Judge of the Family Court in Ulster County, New York
  • Deborah Schneer:[213] First female to serve as a Judge of the Ulster County Court, New York (2009)
  • Elizabeth Culmone-Mills:[214] First female appointed as the Chief Assistant District Attorney for Ulster County, New York

Warren County

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Westchester County

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Wyoming County

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See also

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Other topics of interest

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References

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  1. ^ "About | Kate Stoneman | Albany Law School". www.albanylaw.edu. Retrieved 2018-01-20.
  2. ^ "Rosalie Loew Whitney | Jewish Women's Archive". jwa.org. Retrieved 2018-02-12.
  3. ^ "Jewish Outlook January 19, 1906 — Colorado Historic Newspapers Collection". www.coloradohistoricnewspapers.org. Retrieved 2018-02-12.
  4. ^ Batlan, Felice (2015-04-16). Women and Justice for the Poor: A History of Legal Aid, 1863–1945. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9781316033715.
  5. ^ a b c "UB Today: Shortform". www.buffalo.edu. Retrieved 2017-09-26.
  6. ^ "Buffalo BPW Through the Years...1933–1997" (PDF).
  7. ^ "History". Onondaga County Bar Association. Retrieved 2021-08-04.
  8. ^ "Honoring Fordham's Black History | Fordham Observer". www.fordhamobserver.com. 2017-02-25. Retrieved 2017-09-18.
  9. ^ "5 Born Women to Get Degrees. From BK Law School, incl. Tsuneko Tokuyasu. - Newspapers.com". The Brooklyn Daily Eagle. 12 October 1948. p. 3. Retrieved 2018-12-10.
  10. ^ "Nisei Girl Lives Her Dream" (October 1950). The Brooklyn Eagle.
  11. ^ a b Heinemann, Sue (1996-01-01). Timelines of American Women's History. Penguin. ISBN 9780399519864.
  12. ^ a b c d e f g h i "Women in the Law: Historic Firsts in New York State and Suffolk County - Campolo, Middleton & McCormick, LLP". cmmllp.com. 2014-03-10. Retrieved 2018-01-05.
  13. ^ "Meggesto '97 Criss-Crosses the Country Advocating for Native American Tribes | Alumni | Albany Law School: A New York Law School". www.albanylaw.edu. Retrieved 2018-01-05.
  14. ^ Aldridge, Rebecca (2009). Apolo Anton Ohno. Infobase Publishing. ISBN 978-1-60413-565-7.
  15. ^ "Voices of Qatari Women in Law & International Diplomacy" (PDF). Scholars at Harvard.
  16. ^ a b Hicks, Cheryl D. (2010-12-13). Talk with You Like a Woman: African American Women, Justice, and Reform in New York, 1890–1935. Univ of North Carolina Press. ISBN 9780807882320.
  17. ^ a b Donovan, Brian (2016-09-21). Respectability on Trial: Sex Crimes in New York City, 1900–1918. SUNY Press. ISBN 9781438461960.
  18. ^ a b Nolan, Janet A. (2015-01-13). Ourselves Alone: Women's Emigration from Ireland, 1885-1920. University Press of Kentucky. ISBN 9780813147604.
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  26. ^ "Patria Frias-Colon '90 sworn in as Brooklyn's first elected Dominican judge". University of Rochester Alumni. Retrieved 2018-02-24.
  27. ^ "Patria Frias-Colon '90 sworn in as Brooklyn's first elected Dominican judge". University of Rochester Alumni. Retrieved 2022-04-12.
  28. ^ "Judge Faviola A. Soto for New York State Court of Claims, New York City in New York". Trellis. Retrieved 2022-04-12.
  29. ^ a b Zephir, Flore (2004-08-30). The Haitian Americans. Bloomsbury Academic. ISBN 978-0-313-32296-9.
  30. ^ a b Mccallister, Jared (2004-01-25). "WEST INDIAN ACHIEVERS HAILED". New York Daily News. Retrieved 2023-12-19.
  31. ^ "Brooklyn judge from Trinidad and Tobago wants others to experience her American dream". Brooklyn Eagle. 2020-05-08. Retrieved 2022-05-09.
  32. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj "Judicial Diversity: A Work in Progress". New York State Bar Association.
  33. ^ a b Abruzzese, Rob (2023-11-02). "Hon. Lillian Wan discusses her transition from trial to appellate judge". Brooklyn Eagle. Retrieved 2023-11-03.
  34. ^ a b "Carmen R. Velasquez". Carnegie Corporation of New York. Retrieved 2022-05-04.
  35. ^ a b "Mojgan Lancman Sworn In As Judge". Queens Tribune. 2014-12-24. Retrieved 2019-01-09.
  36. ^ "Raja Rajeswari becomes New York's first Indian-born woman judge". India Today. 2015-04-28. Retrieved 2018-01-26.
  37. ^ Ians (2015-04-28). "Chennai-born Raja Rajeswari is New York's first Indian-American woman judge". The Hindu. PTI. ISSN 0971-751X. Retrieved 2018-01-26.
  38. ^ "NY appoints first-ever Korean American female judge – The Korea Times". www.koreatimesus.com. Retrieved 2018-01-26.
  39. ^ "Kathryn Paek Appointed as New York's First Korean American Female Judge". Kore Asian Media. 2015-02-13. Retrieved 2018-01-26.
  40. ^ "Dweynie Esther Paul: First Haitian-American elected judge in New York . Le Nouvelliste". lenouvelliste.com. Retrieved 2023-12-19.
  41. ^ "First Korean American Elected to Bench in NY | New York Law Journal". New York Law Journal. Retrieved 2018-02-15.
  42. ^ Otterman, Sharon (2017-11-17). "Judge Ruchie, the Hasidic Superwoman of Night Court". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2018-05-30.
  43. ^ "Cuban-born Connie Mallafre Melendez defies odds, gets sworn in as civil court judge | Brooklyn Daily Eagle". www.brooklyneagle.com. 2012-03-22. Retrieved 2018-02-24.
  44. ^ "Connie Mallafre se convierte en la primera jueza de Nueva York de origen cubano". Diario de Cuba (in Spanish). Retrieved 2018-02-24.
  45. ^ "Judge Wan '00 Makes History on N.Y. Court of Claims; Higgitt '01, McCarty '79 Also Confirmed | Alumni | Albany Law School: A New York Law School". www.albanylaw.edu. Retrieved 2018-12-20.
  46. ^ "Bangladeshi American Soma Syed Elected Civil Court Judge in New York City's Queens County". American Kahani. 2021-11-03. Retrieved 2022-03-10.
  47. ^ a b "Albanian Edit Shkreli is sworn in as a judge in New York, the first with such a post". politiko.al. Retrieved 2023-12-20.
  48. ^ a b "Edit Shkreli makes history as first Albanian Judge in New York City, sworn in at Bronx Supreme Court – Parkchester Times". 2023-12-11. Retrieved 2023-12-20.
  49. ^ Felsenthal, Edward. "It's All Business For Novel Court Now in Session, Wall Street Journal (January 15, 1993)".
  50. ^ Felsenthal, Edward. "It's All Business For Novel Court Now in Session, Wall Street Journal (January 15, 1993)".
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