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List of exoplanets and planetary debris around white dwarfs

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This is a list of exoplanets and planetary debris disks around white dwarfs.

List of white dwarf exoplanets

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List of confirmed exoplanets

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System name host star Mass planet (MJ) semi-major axis (au) discovery method discovery year Note Reference
PSR B1620-26 white dwarf+pulsar 2.5±1 23 pulsar timing 1993 [1]
NN Serpentis PCEB: white dwarf+red dwarf 6.91±0.54 5.38±0.20 eclipse timing variation 2010 PCEB is surrounded by a dusty disk,[2] might be only one planet[3] [4]
2.28±0.38 3.39±0.10
WD 0806-661 single 1.5-8 2500 direct imaging 2011 WD 0806-661 B can be interpreted as either a sub-brown dwarf or an exoplanet. [5][6]
WD J0914+1914 metal-polluted single 0.070 to 0.074 detection of accreted planet material via spectroscopy 2019 likely ice giant [7]
WD 1856+534 single >0.84[8] 0.019 transiting 2020 the white dwarf co-moves with G 229-20 A/B [9][10][11]
MOA-2010-BLG-477L single 1.4±0.3 2.8±0.5 microlensing 2012/2021 a Jupiter-analogue [12]
KMT-2020-BLG-0414 single 0.0060±0.0006 2.1±0.2 microlensing 2021/2024 1.9 earth-mass planet, also has a brown dwarf at 22 au [13][14]

List of candidate exoplanets

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System name host star status Mass planet (MJ) semi-major axis (au) discovery method discovery year Note Reference
GD 140 single suspected 3.74+1.43
−0.90 		anomaly in the Hipparcos-Gaia proper motion 2019 mass is estimated for separation of 5 AU, to be observed with JWST[15] [16][17]
LAWD 37 single suspected 0.60+0.23
−0.15 		anomaly in the Hipparcos-Gaia proper motion 2019 mass is estimated for separation of 5 AU, to be observed with JWST[15] [16][17]
WD 0141-675 metal-polluted single fals-positive 9.26+2.64
−1.15 		Gaia DR3 stellar multiples 2023 rejected due to software error[18] 33.65 ± 0.05 day period [19]
WD 1202−232 (LP 852-7) metal-polluted single candidate 1–7 11.47 direct imaging 2024 similar to solar system giant planets in age and separation [20]
WD 2105−82 (LAWD 83) metal-polluted single candidate 1–2 34.62 direct imaging 2024 similar to solar system giant planets in age and separation [20]
GALEX J071816.4+373139 massive single candidate 3.6 infrared excess 2024 planet candidate has a temperature of about 400 K [21]
WD 0310-688 (CPD-69 177) metal-polluted single candidate 3.0+5.5
−1.9 		0.1-2 infrared excess 2024 planet candidate has a temperature of 248+84
−61 K 		[22]
HS 0209+0832 metal-polluted single candidate detection of accreted planet material via spectroscopy 2024 metals in agreement with giant planet, period of 4.4 days from TESS [23]

List of transiting debris or minor planets

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System name metal pollution type of transiting object semi-major axis (R☉) discovery method discovery year Note Reference
WD 1145+017 yes minor planet 1.16[24] transiting 2015 [25]
SDSS J1228+1040 yes planetesimal 0.73 variable Calcium absorption line 2019 orbits within the debris disk of the white dwarf [26]
WD 0145+234 yes asteroid 1.29[27] tidal disruption event 2019 [28]
ZTF J0139+5245 yes debris cloud 77.4 transiting 2020 highly eccentric orbit (e>0.97)[29] [30][31]
ZTF J0328-1219 yes 2 debris clumps b: 2.11

c: 2.28

transiting 2021 [32][33]
SDSS J0107+2107 yes debris transiting 2021 [32]
ZTF J0347−1802 debris transiting 2021 transit duration of about 70 days [32]
ZTF J0923+4236 debris transiting 2021 period in the order of days, variation in the order of hours, vast long-term variation of transit numbers and depth [32][34]
SBSS 1232+563 yes debris transiting 2021 shallow transits [32]
WD 1054-226 yes many debris clouds 3.69 transiting 2022 disk detected in transit, variable with a period of 25.02 hours [35]

List of planetary debris around white dwarfs

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About 6% of white dwarfs show infrared excess due to a disk around a white dwarf.[36] In the past only a relative small sample of white dwarf disks was known.[37] Due to advances in white dwarf detection (e.g. with Gaia or LAMOST) and improvement of WISE infrared catalogs with unWISE/CatWISE, the number has increased to hundreds of candidates.[38][39][36] Therefore this list will be limited to disks with metal gas emission and notable systems.

Notable systems with planetary debris

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System name host temperature (K) likely planetary body accreted infrared excess metal absorption lines discovery year Notes and References
van Maanen 2 6,130 no Ca, Fe, Mg 1917 [40] first metal absorption line (calcium) discovered[41] in a white dwarf
G 29-38 11,600 chondritic object yes C, O, Mg, Si, Ca, Ti, Cr, Fe 1987/2005 [37][42][43][44] first confirmed disk
GD 362 9,740 asteroid with earth/Moon-like composition yes Ca, Na, Mg, Al, Si, Sc, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Sr 2005 [37][45][46][47] second confirmed disk
WD 1425+540 14,490 exo-Kuiper Belt Object no C, N, O, Mg, Si, S, Ca, Fe, Ni 2017 [48] first nitrogen detected in a white dwarf, likely an exo-KBO
SDSS 1557 21,800 object larger than 4 km yes Mg, Ca, Si 2011/2017 [49] white dwarf with a brown dwarf in a ultra-short orbit (2.27 hrs) and a circumbinary disk around the binary
WD J2356−209 4,040 sodium-rich body? no Na, Mg, Ca, Fe 2001/2019 [50][51] strong and broad sodium feature
WD J1644–0449 3,830 meteoritic composition, except for Lithium no Li, Na, K, Ca 2021 [52] one of the first detection of lithium and potassium in a white dwarf, similar discoveries at the same time
WD 2317+1830 4,210 or 4,557 crust material yes Li, Na, Ca 2021 [53] Coldest and oldest (9.5 Gyrs) white dwarf with a detected disk. Also one of the most massive white dwarfs with a disk. A newer work[54] finds higher temperature and lower age (6.4 Gyrs).
LSPM J0207+3331 6,120 2 minor planets yes 2021 [55] disk with two components around cold white dwarf
GALEXJ2339 13,735 exomoon no Be, O, Mg, Si, Ca, Ti, Cr, Mn, Fe 2021 [41][56] one of two white dwarfs with the first detection of beryllium, possibly due to exomoon accretion
GD 424 16,560 CI crondrite + water-rich body no O, Mg, Al, Si, Ca, Ti, Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni 2021 [57] mainly polluted by a rocky body, but also shows a large amount of trace-hydrogen, which could have come from a past accretion of a water-rich body
G238-44 20,000 iron-rich Mercury-like object + Kuiper Belt Object no C, N, O, Mg, Al, Si, P, S, Ca, Fe 2022 [58] unusual composition, showing that it accreted an iron-rich Mercury-like object and an icy KBO
WD 1054–226 7,910 no Mg, Al, Ca, Fe 2022 [35] disk detected in transit
WD J2147–4035 3,048 no Na, K, Li, C? 2022 [59] coldest white dwarf with metal-pollution, with a cooling age of 10 Gyrs, magnetic white dwarf
WD 0956+5912 8,720 Moon-sized object no Na, Mg, Al, Si, Ca, Ti, Cr, Fe, Ni 2023 [60] recent accretion of a Moon-sized object
PHL 5038 7,525 no Ca 2009/2024 brown dwarf around the white dwarf is likely responsible for scattering a minor planet towards the white dwarf, first such system discovered
WD 0816–310 6,250 Vesta-sized object, likely chrondritic no Na, Mg, Ca, Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni 2024 [61] First observation of metals being guided by magnetic fields towards the magnetic poles

Gaseous disks

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System name host temperature (K) disk inner radius (Rwd) disk outer radius (Rwd) infrared excess metal absorption lines metal emission lines disk discovery year Notes and References
WD 0006+2858 26,000 yes C, O, S, P, Mg, Al, Si, Ca Ca, O, Fe, Mg, Fe, Si 2020 [62][63][64]
WD 0145+234 13,000 yes Ca, carbonates? 2019 [62][28][65] TDE of a minor planet
WD 0234-0406 12,454 yes Mg, O, Ca, Al, Ti, Fe Ca, Mg/Fe 2021 [66]
WD 0347+1624 20,620 yes Ca, Mg, Al Ca, O, Fe 2020 [67][63]
WD 0510+2315 21,700 yes O, S, Mg, Al, Si, Ca O, Mg, Ca, Fe 2020 [62][63]
WD 0529-3401 23,197 yes Mg, Si, Ca H, Ca, Mg, O, Fe 2021 [66]
WD 0611-6931 16,550 yes Ca, C, O, S, P, Mg, Al, Si, Fe, Ni Ca, O, Fe, Si, Na, Mg 2020 [67][62][63]
WD 0644-0352 20,850 yes Ca, H, O, Mg, Al, Si, Ti, Cr, Fe Ca 2020 [67][63]
WD 0738+1835 13,600 12 21 yes O, Na, Mg, Si, Ca, Fe Ca 2010 [68][69][37]
WD 0842+231 18,600 13 187 yes H, C, O, Si, Fe, Mg, Al, Ca, Cr, Mn, Ni Ca 2010 [70][71][37]
WD 0846+5703 17,803 yes Si, Mg Ca, Mg, Fe 2021 [66] exceptionally strong infrared excess
WD 0959-0200 13,280 10 25 yes Mg, Ca Ca 2012 [72][37]
WD 1041+091 17,912 18 38 yes Mg Ca 2007 [73][37]
WD 1226+110 22,020 26 93 yes Mg, Ca, Si, O, C Ca, Fe 2006/2009 [74][75][76][37] has minor planet
WD 1344+0324 26,071 90 105 yes Ca 2017 [77]
WD 1349-230 17,000 13 35 yes Ca Ca 2012 [78][79][69][37]
WD 1617+1620 13,432 9 20 yes Ca 2012 [80][69][37]
WD 1622+5840 19,560 yes Ca, H, C, O, S, P, Mg, Al, Si, Fe, Ni Ca, O, Fe 2020 [67][62][63]
WD 1930-5028 13,306 yes Mg, Ca Ca, Mg, Fe 2021 [66]
WD 2100+2122 25,320 yes Ca, Mg, Al, Si, Fe Ca, Fe, O, Mg, Si 2020 [67][63][64]
WD 2133+2428 29,282 yes Ca, O 2021 [66] hottest white dwarf with a gaseous disk
WD 2212-1352 13,454 yes Mg, Si, C, Ca, Al, Fe Ca, Mg, Fe 2021 [66]

See also

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References

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