List of colonies
 | This article needs to be updated. (March 2025) |
This is a list of territories and polities that have been considered colonies.
Colonies of European countries
[edit]British
[edit]
- Aden Protectorate
- Akrotiri and Dhekelia
- Anglo-Egyptian Sudan
- Ashanti
- Australia
- Basutoland
- British America
- British West Florida
- Colony of Jamaica
- Colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations
- Colony of Virginia
- Connecticut Colony
- Delaware Colony
- East Florida
- Indian Reserve
- Mosquito Coast
- New Ireland (Maine)
- Newfoundland Colony
- North-Western Territory
- Province of Carolina
- Province of Georgia
- Province of Maryland
- Province of Massachusetts Bay
- Province of New Hampshire
- Province of New Jersey
- Province of New York
- Province of North Carolina
- Province of Pennsylvania
- Province of Quebec
- Province of South Carolina
- Rupert's Land
The First Anglo-Sikh War, 1845–46
- British Bechuanaland
- British Bencoolen
- British Borneo
- British Cameroons
- British Ceylon
- British Cyprus
- British Guiana
- British Honduras
- British Hong Kong
- British Indian Ocean Territory
- British Leeward Islands
- British Malaya
- British Mauritius
- British North America
- British occupation of Manila
- British Raj
- British rule in Ireland
The Delhi Durbar of 1877: the proclamation of Queen Victoria as Empress of India - British Weihaiwei
- British Western Pacific Territories
- British Windward Islands
- Cape Colony
- Colonial Nigeria
- Colony of Natal
- Colony of New Zealand
- Colony of Singapore
A view of shops with anti-British and pro-Independence signs, Malta, c. 1960 - East Africa Protectorate
- Emirate of Afghanistan (de jure)
- Emirate of Transjordan
- Falkland Islands
- Falkland Islands Dependencies
- French and British interregnum in the Dutch East Indies
- Gambia Colony and Protectorate
- Gibraltar
- Gold Coast
- Griqualand East
- Griqualand West
- History of Egypt under the British
- Kenya Colony
- Mandatory Iraq
- Mandatory Palestine
- Muscat and Oman
- Northern Rhodesia
- Nyasaland
- Orange River Colony
- Oregon Country
- Protectorate of Uganda
- Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha
- Shanghai International Settlement
- Sierra Leone Colony and Protectorate
- South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands
- Southern Rhodesia
- Transvaal Colony
- Trucial States
The result of the Boer Wars was the annexation of the Boer Republics to the British Empire in 1902 - United States of the Ionian Islands
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French
[edit]- Acadia
- Canada (New France)
- Clipperton Island
- Collectivity of Saint Martin
- De Rays Expedition
- Equinoctial France
- France Antarctique
Siege of Constantine (1836) during the French conquest of Algeria. - French and British interregnum in the Dutch East Indies
- French concession of Hankou
- French Equatorial Africa
- French Guiana
- French India
- French Indochina
- Annam
- French Cochinchina
- French protectorate of Cambodia
- French protectorate of Laos
French officers and Tonkinese riflemen, 1884
- French Madagascar
- French protectorate in Morocco
- French protectorate of Tunisia
- French Polynesia
- French Somaliland
- French Southern and Antarctic Lands
Contemporary illustration of Major Marchand's trek across Africa in 1898 - French West Africa
- Guadeloupe
- Inini
- Kingdom of Araucanía and Patagonia
- Leased Territory of Guangzhouwan
- Louisiana (New France)
- Mandate for Syria and the Lebanon
- Martinique
- New Caledonia
- New Hebrides (condominium with Britain)
- Réunion
- Saint Barthélemy
- Saint-Domingue
- Saint Pierre and Miquelon
- Shanghai French Concession
- Wallis and Futuna
Russian
[edit]
German
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- Adelsverein
- Brandenburger Gold Coast
- German concession of Tianjin
- German East Africa
- German New Guinea
- German Samoa
- German South West Africa
- Kamerun
- Kapitaï and Koba
- Kiautschou Bay Leased Territory
- Klein-Venedig
- Mahinland
- New Swabia
- North Solomon Islands
- Togoland
- Wituland
Italian
[edit]
- Italian Islands of the Aegean
- Italian protectorate of Albania
- Italian concession of Tianjin
- Italian East Africa
- Italian Eritrea
- Italian Ethiopia
- Italian Somaliland
- Oltre Giuba (briefly; annexed)
- Italian Libya
Dutch
[edit]
- Aruba
- Bonaire
- Curaçao
- Dutch Brazil
- Dutch Cape Colony
- Dutch Ceylon
- Dutch East Indies
- Dutch Formosa
- Dutch Malacca
- Dutch New Guinea
- Saba
- Senegambia (Dutch West India Company)
- Sint Eustatius
- Sint Maarten
- Surinam (Dutch colony)
Portuguese
[edit]- Azores
- Colonial Brazil
- Madeira
- Portuguese Angola
- Portuguese Cape Verde
- Portuguese Ceylon
- Portuguese Guinea
- Portuguese India
Portuguese women in Goa, India, early 18th century - Portuguese Macau
Battle of Macau, 21–24 June 1622. Portuguese repel Dutch attack. - Portuguese Malacca
- Portuguese Mozambique
- Portuguese Nagasaki
- Portuguese Oman
- Portuguese São Tomé and Príncipe
- Portuguese Timor
Spanish
[edit]
- Canary Islands
- Captaincy General of Cuba
Spanish General Arsenio Martínez Campos in Havana, Colonial Cuba, 1878 - Captaincy General of the Philippines
- Ifni
- New Spain
- Río de Oro
- Saguia el-Hamra
- Spanish Oran
- Spanish protectorate in Morocco
The Battle of Tétouan, 1860, by Marià Fortuny - Spanish Sahara
- Spanish Tripoli
- Viceroyalty of Peru
- Viceroyalty of New Granada
- Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata
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Austrian
[edit]
Danish
[edit]
- Danish Gold Coast
- Danish India
- Danish West Indies
Frederiksstad on Saint Croix, Danish West Indies, 1848 - Faroe Islands
- Greenland
Belgian
[edit]Swedish
[edit]Norse
[edit]Norwegian
[edit]Colonies by Oceanian countries
[edit]Australian
[edit]
- Australian Antarctic Territory
- Christmas Island
- Cocos (Keeling) Islands
- Coral Sea Islands
- Heard Island and McDonald Islands
- Norfolk Island
- Territory of New Guinea
- Territory of Papua
- Territory of Papua and New Guinea
New Zealander
[edit]
Colonies by Asian countries
[edit]Japanese
[edit]- Karafuto Prefecture
- Korea under Japanese rule
Three Koreans shot for pulling up rails as a protest against seizure of land without payment by the Japanese - Kwantung Leased Territory
- Manchukuo
- South Seas Mandate
- Taiwan under Japanese rule
Chinese
[edit]- East Turkistan (Xinjiang) from 1884 – 1933, 1949–present
- Guangxi (Tusi)
- Hainan
- Manchuria
- Korea, partially, from 108 BC to 314 AD
- Inner Mongolia
- Outer Mongolia (Mongolia & Tuva) during the late Qing dynasty
- Central Asia during the Tang dynasty
- Taiwan
- Tibet (Kashag)
- Tuva during the Qing dynasty
- Yunnan (Tusi)
- Vietnam during the Han, Sui, and Tang dynasties
- Chinese concession of Incheon
Colonies by American (continent) countries
[edit]American
[edit]
- American Concession in Tianjin (1869–1902)
- American Concession in Shanghai (1848–1863)
- American Samoa
- Canton and Enderbury Islands
- Guam
- Indian Territory (1834–1907)
- Liberia (Independent since 1847, US protectorate until post-WW2)
- Midway
- Northern Mariana Islands
- Palau
- Palmyra Atoll
- Panama Canal Zone (1903–1979)
- Philippines (1898–1946)
- Puerto Rico
- Shanghai International Settlement (1863–1945)
- Tangier International Zone (now Tangier, Morocco) (1924–1956)
- Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands
- United States Virgin Islands
- Wake Island
Mexican
[edit]Ecuadorian
[edit]Colombian
[edit]Argentine
[edit]
- Argentine Antarctica
- Asuncion (1873)
- California (1818)
- Chile (1817–1818 during the Chilean war of independence)
- Equatorial Guinea (1810–1815)[1]
- Falkland Islands and Dependencies (1829–1831, 1832–1833, 1982)
- Formosa
- Gobierno del Cerrito (1843–1851)
- Gonaïves, Haití.[2]
- Misiones
- Paraguay (1873)
- Patagonia
- Peru (1820–1822 during the Independence of Peru)
- Puna de Atacama (1839– )
- Tierra del Fuego
- Uruguay (Cisplatine War)
Paraguayan
[edit]Peruvian
[edit]Bolivian
[edit]- Puna de Atacama (1825–1839 ceded to Argentina) (1825–1879 ceded to Chile)
- Atacama
- Salta
- Jujuy
- Western Catamarca
- Acre
Chilean
[edit]Brazilian
[edit]- Uruguay
- Acre
- Cape Verde (Occupied for two years after independence)
- Angola (During the Angolan war of independence)
- Mozambique (During the Mozambican war of independence)
- Asuncion
- Brazilian Antarctica
Colonies by African countries
[edit]Ethiopian
[edit]South African
[edit]Moroccan
[edit]Colonies by former countries
[edit]Ancient Greece
[edit]Ancient Egyptian
[edit]Ancient Roman
[edit]- Aegyptus[4][5]
- Achaia
- Hispania
- Lusitania
- Illyricum
- Aquitania
- Gallia
- Galatia
- Raetia
- Moesia
- Judea
- Britannia
Carthage
[edit]Chola (Tamil)
[edit]Curonian
[edit]Genoese
[edit]Ottoman (Turkish)
[edit]
- Sultanate of Aceh (1569–1903)
- Yettishar (1873–1877)
- Maldives
- Rumelia
- Ottoman North Africa
- Ottoman Northeast Africa
- Ottoman Arabia
- Sharifate of Mecca (1517–1783/1818–1916)
- Ottoman Hejaz
- Ottoman Lahsa
- Ottoman Najd
- Ottoman Yemen
- Ottoman Serbia
- Ottoman Bulgaria
- Ottoman Bosnia
- Ottoman Albania
- Ottoman Hungary
- Ottoman Greece
- Ottoman North Macedonia
- Ottoman Montenegro
- Crimean Khanate (1475–1774)
Sicilian
[edit]Venetian
[edit]See also
[edit]- List of former European colonies
- List of Israeli settlements
- Concessions and leases in international relations
- Punitive expedition
- Chartered company
- List of trading companies
- European colonisation of Southeast Asia
- European colonization of the Americas
- Berlin Conference
- Concessions in China
- Tangier International Zone
- Peking Legation Quarter
- Colonisation of Africa
- Colonies in antiquity
- Treaty Ports of China, Korea and Japan
References
[edit]- ^ "GUINEA ECUATORIAL". www.hubert-herald.nl. Retrieved July 31, 2024.
- ^ "MINUSTAH". argentina.gob.ar. 20 November 2020. Retrieved 24 March 2021.
- ^ Naomi Porat (1992). "An Egyptian Colony in Southern Palestine During the Late Predynastic to Early Dynastic". In Edwin C. M. van den Brink (ed.). The Nile Delta in Transition: 4th.-3rd. Millennium B.C. : Proceedings of the Seminar Held in Cairo, 21.-24. October 1990, at the Netherlands Institute of Archaeology and Arabic Studies. Van den Brink. pp. 433–440. ISBN 978-965-221-015-9. Retrieved 24 February 2013.
- ^ Terrenato, Nicola. The deceptive archetype: Roman colonialism in Italy and postcolonial thought. na, 2005.
- ^ Peck, Joshua J. The biological impact of culture contact: a bioarchaeological study of Roman colonialism in Britain. Diss. The Ohio State University, 2009.
- ^ https://thearabweekly.com/rejection-ottoman-legacy-linked-turkish-behaviour-today [bare URL]
- ^ Ben-Dror, Avishai (2017). "OTTOMAN COLONIALISM - the Ottoman Scramble for Africa: Empire and Diplomacy in the Sahara and the Hijaz. By Mostafa Minawi . Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 2016. Pp. Xviii + 219. $85.00, hardback (ISBN 9780804795142); $24.95, paperback (ISBN 9780804799270)". The Journal of African History. 58 (3): 509–510. doi:10.1017/S0021853717000433. S2CID 165186569.