List of attacks on the United States

The United States of America has been attacked several times throughout its history as a country. This is a list of attacks, in chronological order, including attacks on U.S. states and territories, embassies and consulates, or the military of the United States. Attacks against the United States include military offensives, raids, artillery and airstrikes, and terrorism bombings and shootings.

List

1776–1899

Following the ratification of the Declaration of Independence, which formally formed the United States of America, Patriot forces organized as the Continental Army and commanded by George Washington fought against and defeated the British Army. Following the Treaty of Paris in 1783, which formally ended the war, Great Britain ceded all mainland territories east of the Mississippi River, south of the Great Lakes, and north of the Floridas to the United States and recognized the independence of the United States.^[1] Until the end of the war, the United States had no internationally recognized territory and was considered part of the First British Empire.^[2]

In 1812, the new British Empire formed in 1801, invaded the United States, capturing several cities, including Washington D.C.. In 1846, Texas was invaded by Mexico during the Mexican–American War.

Following the secession of South Carolina, Mississippi, Florida, Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana, and Texas, the Confederate States of America was formed on February 8, 1861. The Confederate States of America was an unrecognized de facto breakaway country from the United States, primarily due to no European power desiring to get involved in the conflict.^[3]

Date(s)	Location	Type of attack	Details	U.S. Deaths
July 4, 1776 – September 3, 1783	Eastern North America North Atlantic Ocean Caribbean	Rebellion / Revolution	Main article: American Revolutionary War Following the ratification of the Declaration of Independence, which formally formed the United States of America, Patriot forces organized as the Continental Army and commanded by George Washington defeated the British Army. Following the Treaty of Paris, which formally ended the war, Great Britain ceded all mainland territories east of the Mississippi River, south of the Great Lakes, and north of the Floridas to the United States.^[4] Until the end of the war, the United States had no internationally recognized territory and was considered part of the First British Empire.^[5]	178,800–223,800
July 7, 1798 – September 30, 1800	Caribbean East Coast of the United States Indian Ocean Mediterranean Sea	Naval warfare	Main article: Quasi-War An undeclared naval conflict between the United States and France, arising from French resentment of the Jay Treaty between Great Britain and the United States, during the French Revolutionary Wars. French privateers and naval vessels targeted American shipping in the Caribbean and Atlantic, capturing hundreds of merchant vessels and disrupting trade. On February 9, 1799, the French frigate L'Insurgente fought against the United States' frigate USS Constellation.^[6] The Convention of 1800 ended the undeclared war between France and the United States.^[7]^[8]^[9]	160
June 18, 1812 – February 17, 1815	North America Atlantic Ocean Pacific Ocean	Invasion	Main article: War of 1812 HOLD	15,000
April 25, 1846 – May 9, 1846	Texas	Invasion	Main article: Texas Campaign Part of the Mexican–American War – Following the United States' annexation of Texas in 1845, the Mexican government claimed they still owned the portion of Texas between the Nueces River and the Rio Grande.^[10] On April 25, 1846, approximately 1,600 Mexican soldiers, under the command of General Mariano Arista, crossed the border into the United States with the goal to hold and occupy the territory claimed by Mexico. American Captain Seth B. Thornton was sent to investigate a report of Mexican soldiers crossing the border, which led him and his 80 men into an ambush.^[10] With the Mexican forces still occupying part of Texas, American General Zachary Taylor took the Army of Occupation to fight the now reinforced Mexican Army of The North. Between May 3–9, the Mexican forces attempted to siege to the American "Fort Texas". Following the Mexican defeats during the battle of Palo Alto on May 8 and the battle of Resaca de la Palma on May 9, the Mexican forces withdrew from American territory, ending the brief invasion.^[10]^[11]	60
September 15, 1847 – June 12, 1848	Mexico City, Mexico	Military occupation / Rebellion	Main article: United States occupation of Mexico City Part of the Mexican–American War – Following the fall of Mexico City in September 1847, the United States began a military occupation of the city and surrounding area. During the eight-month occupation under John A. Quitman, the named Military Governor of Mexico City, several attacks by Mexican resistance took place against the occupation forces, especially in the first three days which involved "intense and bloody street fighting".^[12]^[13]^[14]	4,356
October 16–18, 1859	Harpers Ferry, Virginia	Raid	Main article: John Brown's raid on Harpers Ferry HOLD	20^[a]
April 12–13, 1861	Fort Sumter, Charleston, South Carolina	Artillery bombardment	Main article: Battle of Fort Sumter Part of the American Civil War – HOLD	0
February–April 1862	New Mexico Territory	Military offensive	Main article: New Mexico campaign Part of the American Civil War – HOLD	566^[a]
March–June 1862	Shenandoah Valley, Virginia	Military offensive	Main article: Jackson's Valley campaign Part of the American Civil War – HOLD
June 25–July 1, 1862	Hanover County and Henrico County, Virginia	Military offensive	Main article: Seven Days Battles Part of the American Civil War – HOLD	5,228^[a]
July 19–September 1, 1862	Northern Virginia	Military offensive	Main article: Northern Virginia campaign Part of the American Civil War – HOLD	3,542^[a]
August 14–October 10, 1862	Tennessee Kentucky	Military offensive	Main article: Confederate Heartland Offensive Part of the American Civil War – HOLD	6,595^[a]
September 4–20, 1862	Maryland	Military offensive	Main article: Maryland campaign Part of the American Civil War – HOLD	1,000^[a]
June 3–July 24, 1863	Maryland Pennsylvania Virginia	Military offensive	Main article: Gettysburg campaign Part of the American Civil War – HOLD	8,300+^[a]
June 11–July 26, 1863	Tennessee Kentucky Indiana Ohio West Virginia	Military offensive	Main article: Morgan's Raid Part of the American Civil War – HOLD
September 18–20, 1863	Catoosa and Walker counties, Georgia	Military offensive	Main article: Battle of Chickamauga Part of the Chickamauga campaign during the American Civil War – HOLD	3,969+^[a]
August 29–December 2, 1864	Arkansas Missouri Kansas Indian Territory Texas	Military offensive	Main article: Price's Missouri Expedition Part of the American Civil War – HOLD	202+^[a]
June 1, 1871	Ganghwa Island	Artillery bombardment	Main article: United States expedition to Korea HOLD	0
February 15, 1898	Havana Harbor, Cuba	Spontaneous combustion or Naval mine	Main article: Sinking of the USS Maine Part of the Spanish–American War – HOLD	261

1900–1999

Date(s)	Location	Type of attack	Details	U.S. Deaths
April 1911	Douglas, Arizona	Shooting	Main article: First Battle of Agua Prieta Part of the Mexican Border War – HOLD.	0
September 19, 1912	Masaya, Nicaragua	Ambush, Rebellion to military occupation	Main article: Battle of Masaya Part of the First United States occupation of Nicaragua – HOLD.	0
May 1, 1915	Atlantic Ocean	Naval warfare	Main article: Sinking of the SS Gulflight Part of the U-boat campaign during World War I – HOLD	1
May 7, 1915	Atlantic Ocean	Naval warfare	Main article: Sinking of the RMS Lusitania Part of the U-boat campaign during World War I – HOLD	128
March 9, 1916	Columbus, New Mexico	Raid	Main article: Battle of Columbus HOLD	87
May 13, 1916–September 18, 1924	Dominican Republic	Rebellion to military occupation	Main article: United States occupation of the Dominican Republic HOLD	144
May 29, 1918	Atlantic Ocean	Naval warfare	Main article: Sinking of the SS Carolina Part of the U-boat campaign during World War I – HOLD	13
July 21, 1918	Orleans, Massachusetts	Military strike	Main article: Attack on Orleans Part of the U-boat campaign during World War I – HOLD	0
July 18, 1924	Tehran, Sublime State of Persia	Mob attack	An angry mob led by members of the Muslim clergy and including many members of the Iranian Army beat Consul Robert W. Imbrie to death. The mob blamed America for poisoning a well.^[15]	1
December 7, 1941	Oahu, Territory of Hawaii	Military strike	Main article: Attack on Pearl Harbor Part of the Pacific Theater during World War II – HOLD	2,403
December 7, 1941	Sand Island, Midway Atoll, Hawaiian Archipelago	Military strike	Main article: Japanese attack on Midway Part of the Pacific Theater during World War II – HOLD	4
December 8, 1941–May 8, 1942	Commonwealth of the Philippines	Invasion	Main article: Japanese invasion of the Philippines Part of the Pacific Theater during World War II – HOLD	25,000
December 8–23, 1941	Wake Island	Invasion	Main article: Japanese invasion of Wake Island Part of the Pacific Theater during World War II – HOLD	410+
December 8–10, 1941	Guam, Mariana Islands	Invasion	Main article: Japanese invasion of Guam Part of the Pacific Theater during World War II – HOLD	17
February 19, 1942	Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia	Airstrike	Main article: Bombing of Darwin Part of the Pacific Theater during World War II – HOLD
February 23, 1942	Ellwood, Santa Barbara, California	Naval artillery bombardment	Main article: Bombardment of Ellwood Part of the Pacific Theater during World War II – HOLD	0
May 4–8, 1942	Coral Sea	Naval warfare	Main article: Battle of the Coral Sea Part of Operation Mo in the Pacific Theater during World War II – HOLD	715
June 6, 1942–July 28, 1943	Kiska, Aleutian Islands, Territory of Alaska	Invasion	Main article: Japanese occupation of Kiska Part of the Aleutian Islands campaign in the Pacific Theater during World War II – HOLD	2
June 7, 1942–May 30, 1943	Attu, Aleutian Islands, Territory of Alaska	Invasion	Main article: Japanese occupation of Attu Part of the Aleutian Islands campaign in the Pacific Theater during World War II – HOLD	1
May 24, 1957	Taipei, Taiwan	Mob attack	Main article: May 24 incident	0
January 27, 1958	Ankara, Turkey	Bombing	Bombing in embassy compound^[16]	0
May 1, 1960	[[Aramil], Soviet Union	Aircraft shot down	Main article: 1960 U-2 incident	0
March 5, 1964	Libreville, Gabon	Bombing	Main article: 1964 United States Embassy in Libreville bombings Two weeks after a failed coup which the U.S. was mistakenly blamed for, a small bomb detonated outside the embassy compound, damaging a sign and cracking windows.	0
March 8, 1964	Libreville, Gabon	Bombing, Shooting	Main article: 1964 United States Embassy in Libreville bombings The second of two bomb attacks on the embassy in Gabon. The embassy was also fired on with a shotgun, causing minor damage.	0
March 4, 1965	Moscow, Soviet Union	Mob attack	Protests in front of the embassy related to the Vietnam War turned into rioting, approximately 2000 students had to be cleared away by the Red Army.^[17]	0
March 30, 1965	Saigon, South Vietnam	Bombing	Main article: 1965 Saigon bombing	2
January 31, 1968	Saigon, South Vietnam	Military offensive	Main article: Tet offensive attack on US Embassy	5
September 26, 1971	Phnom Penh, Cambodia	Attack	Attack on embassy softball game.	2
1972	Manila, Philippines	Attack	Attack by communist group, Marine guard wounded.^[18]	0
August 19, 1974	Nicosia, Cyprus	Riot, Shooting	Riot outside embassy; ambassador Rodger Davies and assistant shot by sniper.	2
November 14, 1974	Tokyo, Japan	Attack	Several Japanese youth attacked the embassy with Molotov cocktails, throwing them from a nearby hotel. Afterwards, five stormed the compound where they were arrested. Seven local guards were injured.	0
November 22, 1974	Fukuoka, Japan	Attack	Three men wearing red helmets from the Marxist Youth League broke windows and threw an explosive device at the Consulate. The men then attacked and injured a consulate employee.	0
August 4, 1975	Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia	Attack, Hostage crisis	Main article: 1975 AIA building hostage crisis Japanese Red Army gunmen stormed the AIA building, containing both the US and Swedish embassies, and took 53 hostages.	0
February 17, 1976	Caracas, Venezuela	Shooting	Gunmen in a car fire at the embassy causing minimal damage.	0
November 4, 1979–January 20, 1981	Tehran, Iran	Attack, Hostage crisis	Main article: Iran hostage crisis	8
November 21, 1979	Islamabad, Pakistan	Mob attack	Main article: 1979 U.S. Embassy Burning in Islamabad	2
December 2, 1979	Tripoli, Libya	Mob attack	Main article: 1979 U.S. Embassy Burning in Libya	0
April 18, 1983	Beirut, Lebanon	Bombing	Main article: April 1983 U.S. Embassy bombing	17
December 12, 1983	Kuwait City, Kuwait	Bombing	Main article: 1983 Kuwait bombings	6
September 20, 1984	Beirut, Lebanon	Bombing	Main article: 1984 United States embassy annex bombing	24
November 26, 1984	Bogotá, Colombia	Bombing	Car bomb outside embassy planted by drug cartel^[19]	1
February 18, 1986	Lisbon, Portugal	Bombing	Popular Forces of 25 April car bomb outside embassy^[20]	0
May 14, 1986	Jakarta, Indonesia	Bombing	Japanese Red Army members attempt a mortar attack; their mortar shells fail to detonate^[21]	0
June 9, 1987	Rome, Italy	Bombing, Attack	Car bomb set off, two rocket-propelled grenades fired at embassy.^[22]	0
September 17, 1989	Bogota, Colombia	Bombing	Homemade rocket fired at embassy by unknown assailant, no damage reported.^[23]	0
February 26, 1993	World Trade Center, New York City, New York	Terrorism, Bombing	Main article: 1993 World Trade Center bombing – HOLD	6
July 27, 1993	Lima, Peru	Bombing]	Car bomb planted by Shining Path, significant damage to embassy building.^[24]	0
September 13, 1995	Moscow, Russia	Bombing	RPG fired on Embassy by unknown assailant.^[25]	0
June 21, 1998	Beirut, Lebanon	Bombing	RPGs fired at Embassy by Hezbollah.^[26]	0
August 7, 1998	Nairobi, Kenya, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania	Terrorism, Bombings	Main article: 1998 United States embassy bombings	224
September 19, 1998	Monrovia, Liberia	Attack	Liberian security forces opened fire on a warlord speaking with U.S. officials at the embassy gate and subsequently laid siege to the building, killing or wounding more than 10 people. An Embassy staff member and a government contractor were among the wounded.	10

2000–present

Date(s)	Location	Type of attack	Details	U.S. Deaths
October 12, 2000	Aden, Yemen	Terrorism	Main article: USS Cole bombing Part of the al-Qaeda insurgency in Yemen – On October 12, 2000, while refueling at Yemen's Aden harbor, two members of al-Qaeda launched a suicide attack against the USS Cole, a guided missile destroyer in the United States Navy. While docked, a small fiberglass boat carrying C4 explosives and two suicide bombers approached the port side of the destroyer and exploded,^[27] creating a 40-by-60-foot (12 by 18 m) gash in the ship's port side, killing 17 sailors and injuring 37 others.^[28]^[29]^[30]	17
September 11, 2001	New York City, New York Arlington County, Virginia Stonycreek Township, Pennsylvania	Terrorism	Main article: September 11 attacks On the morning of September 11, 2001, nineteen Islamic extremists hijacked four aircraft, murdered several passengers, and took control of the aircraft with intent to fly them into pre-selected targets, located at the World Trade Center in New York City, and The Pentagon in Virginia. American Airlines Flight 11 was flown into 1 World Trade Center; the building immediately caught on fire and collapsed as a result over an hour later, resulting in the deaths of up to 1,000 people. United Airlines Flight 175 was flown into 2 World Trade Center a short time later, killing everyone on board and hundreds more within the building. American Airlines Flight 77 struck the The Pentagon, killing everyone in the plane and 125 people within the building. Passengers of United Airlines Flight 93 fought the hijackers, who ran the aircraft into the ground, killing everyone on board. The attacks are the deadliest instances of terrorism in modern world history.	2,977
January 22, 2002	Calcutta, India	Attack	Main article: 2002 attack on American cultural centre in Kolkata	0
June 14, 2002	Karachi, Pakistan	Bombing	Main article: Karachi consulate attacks § June 2002 attack	0
October 12, 2002	Denpasar, Indonesia	Bombing	Main article: 2002 Bali bombing	0
February 28, 2003	Karachi, Pakistan	Attack	Main article: Karachi consulate attacks § February 2003 shooting	0
June 30, 2004	Tashkent, Uzbekistan	Bombing	Islamic Movement of Uzbekistan bombs Embassy.	0
December 6, 2004	Jeddah, Saudi Arabia	Attack	al-Qaeda gunmen raid diplomatic compound.^[31]	0
March 2, 2006	Karachi, Pakistan	Bombing	Main article: Karachi consulate attacks § March 2006 bombing	1
March 29, 2006	Helmand province, Afghanistan	Attack	Main article: Friendly fire incident at Sangin Part of the War in Afghanistan (2001–2021) – HOLD	1
September 12, 2006	Damascus, Syria	Attack	Gunmen raid Embassy	0
January 12, 2007	Athens, Greece	Bombing	RPG Fired at Embassy by Revolutionary Struggle.	0
February 27, 2007	Bagram, Afghanistan	Suicide attack, assassination attempt	Main article: Attempted assassination of Dick Cheney Part of the War in Afghanistan (2001–2021) – HOLD^[32]	2
March 4, 2007	Shinwar District, Afghanistan	Suicide attack	Main article: 2007 Shinwar shooting Part of the War in Afghanistan (2001–2021) – HOLD	0
April 14, 2007	Casablanca, Morocco	Bombing	Two suicide bombers detonated their explosive devices across the street from the consulate general and in front of the Consulate General’s public diplomacy facility and language center. Only the bombers were killed.	0
February 21, 2008	Belgrade, Serbia	Mob attack	Main article: 2008 burning of the United States embassy in Belgrade	0
March 18, 2008	Sana'a, Yemen	Bombing	Mortar rounds missed embassy, hitting nearby school	0
July 9, 2008	Istanbul, Turkey	Attack	Main article: 2008 United States consulate in Istanbul attack	0
July 13, 2008	Waygal district, Afghanistan	Attack	Main article: Battle of Wanat Part of the War in Afghanistan (2001–2021) – HOLD	9
September 17, 2008	Sana'a, Yemen	Attack	Main article: 2008 attack on the American Embassy in Yemen	1
October 30, 2009	Managua, Nicaragua	Mob attack	Several hundred supporters from the Sandinista National Liberation Front protesting "U.S. interventionism" swarm the embassy compound, attacking personnel and vandalizing property for four hours.	0
April 5, 2010	Peshawar, Pakistan	Attack	Main article: 5 April 2010 Peshawar bombings	0
July 22, 2010	Baghdad, Iraq	Attack, Bombing	Unknown individuals fired a rocket that struck an embassy firing range, killing three embassy guards and injuring 15 fifteen others, including two Embassy contractors.	3
September 25, 2011	Kabul, Afghanistan	Attack	An Afghan employee opened fire inside an Embassy Annex compound, killing one American and wounding three others before being shot and killed.	1
October 28, 2011	Sarajevo, Bosnia & Herzegovina	Attack	A Wahhabi Islamist gunman, fired on the embassy, resulting in one local policeman guarding the embassy being wounded in the arm by the gunman, while the shooter was wounded by a police sniper.	0
September 11, 2012	Cairo, Egypt	Mob attack	Main article: Reactions to Innocence of Muslims § Egypt	0
September 11–12, 2012	Benghazi, Libya		Main article: 2012 Benghazi attack	4
September 14, 2012	Sana'a, Yemen	Mob attack	Main article: Reactions to Innocence of Muslims § Yemen	0
September 14, 2012	Tunis, Tunisia	Mob attack	Main article: Reactions to Innocence of Muslims § Tunisia	0
February 1, 2013	Ankara, Turkey	Bombing	Main article: 2013 United States embassy bombing in Ankara	0
April 15, 2013	Boston, Massachusetts	Terrorism, Bombing	Main article: Boston Marathon bombing Part of the War in Afghanistan and War in Iraq – HOLD	5
June 25, 2013	Kabul, Afghanistan	Attack	Suicide insurgents initiated a failed assault on the embassy, engaging Afghan security forces and Local Guard Force personnel in a firefight. All perpetrators were killed.	0
September 13, 2013	Herat, Afghanistan	Attack	Main article: 2013 attack on U.S. consulate in Herat	0
June 9, 2014	Zabul Province, Afghanistan	Friendly fire	Main article: 2014 Gaza Valley airstrike Part of the War in Afghanistan – HOLD	5
September 28, 2015	Tashkent, Uzbekistan	Bombing	Unidentified man threw two Molotov cocktails or similar improvised explosives over the wall of the Embassy.	0
February 21, 2018	Podgorica, Montenegro	Bombing	A pro-Russian and Serbian-born assailant threw a hand grenade over the wall of the embassy. Reporting indicated the grenade appeared to detonate as it was thrown into the air, and the man detonated a second device that killed him. The man's body was found 100 feet (30 m) from the embassy wall.	0
July 26, 2018	Beijing, China	Bombing	Unidentified 26-year-old man set off explosive device outside the embassy.^[33]	0
December 1, 2018	Guadalajara, Mexico	Bombing	Unidentified assailant threw a grenade at the consulate.^[34]	0
December 31, 2019–January 1, 2020	Green Zone, Baghdad, Iraq	Mob attack	Main article: Attack on the United States embassy in Baghdad
March 27, 2021	Yangon, Myanmar	Shooting	HOLD	0
August 26, 2021	Kabul, Afghanistan	Suicide attack, Terrorism	Main article: 2021 Kabul airport attack Part of the War in Afghanistan (2001–2021) – HOLD	13
December 1, 2022	Madrid, Spain	Bombing	HOLD^[35]	0
December 8, 2023	Baghdad, Iraq	Artillery strikes	Approximately seven mortar rounds landed in the U.S. Embassy compound in Baghdad^[36]	0
December 23, 2023	Southern Red Sea	Airstrike	Main article: 2023 attack on the USS Laboon Part of the Red Sea crisis – HOLD	0
January 10, 2024	Southern Red Sea	Airstrikes	Main article: January 2024 Houthi attack on the United States Navy Part of the Red Sea crisis – HOLD	0

Notes

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ As both sides in the conflict were still considered "Americans", the death toll reflects the total death toll from the whole attack.

References

^ "Revolutionary War". History.com. History Channel. October 29, 2009. Retrieved 21 November 2024.
^ Adams, John; Franklin, Benjamin; Jay, John; Hartley, David (3 September 1783). "Treaty of Paris (1783)". National Archives and Records Administration. Retrieved 21 November 2024.
^ "Preventing Diplomatic Recognition of the Confederacy, 1861–65". U.S. Department of State. Archived from the original on August 28, 2013.
^ "Revolutionary War". History.com. History Channel. October 29, 2009. Retrieved 21 November 2024.
^ Adams, John; Franklin, Benjamin; Jay, John; Hartley, David (3 September 1783). "Treaty of Paris (1783)". National Archives and Records Administration. Retrieved 21 November 2024.
^ "Frigate Constellation vs. French Frigate I'Insurgente". National Museum of the United States Navy. 10 February 2021. Retrieved 28 November 2024.
^ "The Quasi-War with France (1798 – 1801)". USS Constitution Museum. 2022. Retrieved 28 November 2024.
^ Hickey, Donald R. (1 October 2008). "The Quasi-War: America's First Limited War, 1798-1801". The Northern Mariner / Le marin du nord. 18 (3–4). Canadian Nautical Research Society & North American Society for Oceanic History: 67–77. doi:10.25071/2561-5467.343. Retrieved 28 November 2024.
^ Phalen, William J. (2018). The first war of the United States: the quasi war with France 1798-1801. New Delhi: Vij Books India Pvt Ltd. ISBN 978-81-93759-16-5.
^ ^a ^b ^c Bauer, K.J., 1974, The Mexican War, 1846–1848, New York: Macmillan, ISBN 0803261071
^ "Battle of Palo Alto". History.com. History Channel. 9 November 2009. Retrieved 21 November 2024.
^ Conrad, Dennis M. (2012). "The Occupation of Mexico City". University of Texas at Arlington & Center for Southwestern Studies. Archived from the original on 21 November 2024. Retrieved 21 November 2024.
^ Carney, Stephen A. (2006). The Occupation of Mexico, May 1846-July 1848. Washington, D.C.: United States Army Center of Military History. ISBN 0-16-075744-4. Archived from the original on 21 November 2024. Retrieved 21 November 2024.
^ Baker, III, George Towne (1970). "MEXICO CITY AND THE WAR WITH THE UNITED STATES: A STUDY IN THE POLITICS OF MILITARY OCCUPATION". Duke University Dissertations & Theses. 1970 (72–16, 981). Durham, North Carolina: ProQuest: 1–392. Retrieved 27 November 2024.
^ Zirinsky, Michael (August 1986). "Blood, Power, and Hypocrisy: The Murder of Robert Imbrie and American Relations with Pahlavi Iran, 1924". International Journal of Middle East Studies. 18 (3). Cambridge University Press: 275–292. doi:10.1017/S0020743800030488. S2CID 145403501. Retrieved 21 April 2014.
^ Video: Baghdad pact. Unified Military Command Seen, 1958/01/30 (1958) (B&W video). Universal Newsreel. 1958. Retrieved 20 February 2012.
^ Tanner, Henry (5 March 1965). "RUSSIAN SOLDIERS ROUT 2,000 IN RIOT AT U.S. EMBASSY; Mob Led by Asian Students Pelts Building in Protest Over Vietnam Raids". New York Times. Moscow, USSR. Retrieved 14 June 2023.
^ "Casualties: U. S. Navy and Marine Corps Personnel Killed and Wounded in Wars, Conflicts, Terrorist Acts, and Other Hostile Incidents". Naval History and Heritage Command.
^ Walsh, Patricia (26 November 1984). "A car bomb exploded Monday outside the U.S. Embassy". United Press International. Retrieved 9 March 2023.
^ "U.S. Embassy in Lisbon Hit by Car Bomb". Los Angeles Times. Associated Press. 18 February 1986. Retrieved 9 March 2023.
^ "Ruling on Red Army member over 1986 Jakarta attack set for Nov. 24". The Japan Times. Kyoto. 1 November 2016. Retrieved 9 March 2023.
^ "U.S., BRITISH EMBASSIES ARE ATTACKED IN ROME". Washington Post. 9 June 1987. Retrieved 9 March 2023.
^ Coleman, Joseph (19 September 1989). "U.S. embassy: Bogota rocket 'no big deal'". United Press International. Retrieved 9 March 2023.
^ Nash, Nathaniel (28 July 1993). "4 Wounded as Rebels Bomb U.S. Embassy in Peru". New York Times. Retrieved 14 June 2023.
^ O'Connor, Eileen (13 September 1995). "Rocket-propelled grenade hits U.S. embassy in Moscow". CNN. Retrieved 14 June 2023.
^ "Air Sales Now Legal to Lebanon". Los Angeles Times. 12 July 1998. Retrieved 14 June 2023.
^ Combs, Cindy C.; Slann, Martin W. (2009). Encyclopedia of Terrorism. Infobase Publishing. p. 353. ISBN 9781438110196.
^ Ward, Alex (8 November 2018). "Trump's Justice Department is fighting US terrorist attack victims in the Supreme Court". Vox.
^ "USS Cole (DDG-67) Determined Warrior". Naval History & Heritage Command. Archived from the original on 31 May 2019. Retrieved 6 April 2021.
^ Burns, John F. (October 15, 2000). "THE WARSHIP EXPLOSION; The 17 Victims From the Cole". The New York Times. 150 (51, 412): 18. Retrieved November 24, 2024.
^ Sturcke, James (7 December 2004). "Nine killed as US consulate in Jeddah attacked". The Guardian. Guardian News and Media Limited. Retrieved 4 October 2015.
^ "Cheney OK After Afghan Blast; 23 Killed". The Denver Post. AP. 2007-02-27.
^ Buckley, Chris (26 July 2018). "U.S. Embassy Street in Beijing Is Rocked by Blast". The New York Times. Retrieved 7 December 2018.
^ O'Boyle, Michael (1 December 2018). "U.S. consulate in Mexico attacked with grenade, no injuries". Reuters. Retrieved 2 December 2018.
^ Reuters https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/third-mail-bomb-found-spanish-air-force-base-el-mundo-reports-2022-12-01/. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
^ "US embassy in Baghdad struck with seven mortars as attacks escalate". Reuters. Retrieved 9 December 2023.

[CivilWarDeaths-15] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ As both sides in the conflict were still considered "Americans", the death toll reflects the total death toll from the whole attack.

[1] "Revolutionary War". History.com. History Channel. October 29, 2009. Retrieved 21 November 2024.

[2] Adams, John; Franklin, Benjamin; Jay, John; Hartley, David (3 September 1783). "Treaty of Paris (1783)". National Archives and Records Administration. Retrieved 21 November 2024.

[history-state-gov-3] "Preventing Diplomatic Recognition of the Confederacy, 1861–65". U.S. Department of State. Archived from the original on August 28, 2013.

[4] "Revolutionary War". History.com. History Channel. October 29, 2009. Retrieved 21 November 2024.

[5] Adams, John; Franklin, Benjamin; Jay, John; Hartley, David (3 September 1783). "Treaty of Paris (1783)". National Archives and Records Administration. Retrieved 21 November 2024.

[6] "Frigate Constellation vs. French Frigate I'Insurgente". National Museum of the United States Navy. 10 February 2021. Retrieved 28 November 2024.

[7] "The Quasi-War with France (1798 – 1801)". USS Constitution Museum. 2022. Retrieved 28 November 2024.

[8] Hickey, Donald R. (1 October 2008). "The Quasi-War: America's First Limited War, 1798-1801". The Northern Mariner / Le marin du nord. 18 (3–4). Canadian Nautical Research Society & North American Society for Oceanic History: 67–77. doi:10.25071/2561-5467.343. Retrieved 28 November 2024.

[9] Phalen, William J. (2018). The first war of the United States: the quasi war with France 1798-1801. New Delhi: Vij Books India Pvt Ltd. ISBN 978-81-93759-16-5.

[Bauer-10] Bauer, K.J., 1974, The Mexican War, 1846–1848, New York: Macmillan, ISBN 0803261071

[11] "Battle of Palo Alto". History.com. History Channel. 9 November 2009. Retrieved 21 November 2024.

[DennisConrad-12] Conrad, Dennis M. (2012). "The Occupation of Mexico City". University of Texas at Arlington & Center for Southwestern Studies. Archived from the original on 21 November 2024. Retrieved 21 November 2024.

[13] Carney, Stephen A. (2006). The Occupation of Mexico, May 1846-July 1848. Washington, D.C.: United States Army Center of Military History. ISBN 0-16-075744-4. Archived from the original on 21 November 2024. Retrieved 21 November 2024.

[14] Baker, III, George Towne (1970). "MEXICO CITY AND THE WAR WITH THE UNITED STATES: A STUDY IN THE POLITICS OF MILITARY OCCUPATION". Duke University Dissertations & Theses. 1970 (72–16, 981). Durham, North Carolina: ProQuest: 1–392. Retrieved 27 November 2024.

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