List of amphibians of Northern America
This is a checklist of amphibians found in Northern America, based mainly on publications by the Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles.[1][2][3] The information about range and status of almost all of these species can be found also for example in the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species site.[4] It includes all species of Bermuda, Canada, Greenland, Saint Pierre and Miquelon, and the United States
* alien species
Summary of 2006 IUCN Red List categories.
Conservation status – IUCN Red List of Threatened Species:
- EX – extinct, EW – extinct in the wild
- CR – critically endangered, EN – endangered, VU – vulnerable
- NT – near threatened, LC – least concern
- DD – data deficient, NE – not evaluated
- (v. 2013.2, the data are current as of March 5, 2014[5])
- E – endangered, T – threatened
- XN, XE – experimental nonessential or essential population
- E(S/A), T(S/A) – endangered or threatened due to similarity of appearance
- (the data are current as of March 28, 2014[6])
Suborder: Cryptobranchoidea
[edit]Family: Cryptobranchidae
[edit]- Hellbender, Cryptobranchus alleganiensis NT
(Ozark hellbender, C. a. bishopi: E)
- Hellbender, Cryptobranchus alleganiensis NT
Suborder: Salamandroidea
[edit]Family: Salamandridae
[edit]Subfamily: Pleurodelinae
[edit]- Eastern newts
- Black-spotted newt, Notophthalmus meridionalis EN
- Striped newt, Notophthalmus perstriatus NT
- Eastern newt, Notophthalmus viridescens LC
- Pacific newts
- Rough-skinned newt, Taricha granulosa LC
- Red-bellied newt, Taricha rivularis LC
- Sierra newt, Taricha sierrae LC
- California newt, Taricha torosa LC
Family: Plethodontidae
[edit]Subfamily: Plethodontinae
[edit]- Web-toed salamanders
- Limestone salamander, Hydromantes brunus VU
- Mount Lyell salamander, Hydromantes platycephalus LC
- Samwel Shasta salamander, Hydromantes samweli[7][8][n 1]
- Shasta salamander, Hydromantes shastae VU
- Wintu Shasta salamander, Hydromantes wintu[7][8][n 1]
- Climbing salamanders
- Green salamander, Aneides aeneus NT
- Hickory Nut Gorge green salamander, Aneides caryaensis[7][8][n 1]
- Clouded salamander, Aneides ferreus NT
- Speckled black salamander, Aneides flavipunctatus NT and:[n 2]
- Santa Cruz black salamander, Aneides (flavipunctatus) niger[7][n 3][n 4]
- Shasta salamander, Aneides iecanus[7][n 3][n 4]
- Sacramento Mountains salamander, Aneides hardii LC
- Klamath black salamander, Aneides klamathensis[7][8][n 1]
- Arboreal salamander, Aneides lugubris LC
- Wandering salamander, Aneides vagrans NT
- Dusky salamanders
- Seepage salamander, Desmognathus aeneus NT
- Holbrook's southern dusky salamander, Desmognathus auriculatus LC and:[n 2]
- Carolina swamp dusky salamander, Desmognathus valtos[9][n 5]
- Valentine's southern dusky salamander, Desmognathus valentinei and:[n 2]
- Pascagoula dusky salamander, Desmognathus pascagoula[9][n 5]
- Ouachita dusky salamander, Desmognathus brimleyorum LC
- Northern dusky salamander, Desmognathus fuscus LC and:[n 2]
- Spotted dusky salamander, Desmognathus conanti
- Flat-headed salamander, Desmognathus planiceps
- Imitator salamander, Desmognathus imitator LC
- Desmognathus marmoratus/Desmognathus 'quadramaculatus' complex:[9][10]
- Shovel-nosed salamander, Desmognathus marmoratus LC and:[n 2]
- Golden shovel-nosed salamander, Desmognathus aureatus[7][n 6][n 4]
- Black shovel-nosed salamander, Desmognathus melanius[7][n 6][n 4]
- Central shovel-nosed dusky salamander, Desmognathus intermedius[9][n 5]
- Species split from the former black-bellied salamander, Desmognathus quadramaculatus LC
(complex of "black-bellied salamanders"):[9]- Dwarf black-bellied salamander, Desmognathus folkertsi DD
- Nantahala black-bellied salamander, Desmognathus amphileucus[9][n 5]
- Cherokee blackbellied salamander, Desmognathus gvnigeusgwotli[9][n 5]
- Kanawha blackbellied salamander, Desmognathus kanawha[9][n 5]
- Pisgah black-bellied salamander, Desmognathus mavrokoilius[9][n 5]
- Shovel-nosed salamander, Desmognathus marmoratus LC and:[n 2]
- Seal salamander, Desmognathus monticola LC
- Desmognathus ochrophaeus complex:[11][7][12]
- Mountain dusky salamander, Desmognathus ochrophaeus LC and: [n 2]
- Cumberland dusky salamander, Desmognathus abditus NT
- Carolina mountain dusky salamander, Desmognathus carolinensis LC
- Ocoee salamander, Desmognathus ocoee LC and: [n 2]
- Cherokee mountain dusky salamander, Desmognathus adatsihi[9][n 5]
- Great Balsams mountain dusky salamander, Desmognathus balsameus[9][n 5]
- Tallulah salamander, Desmognathus perlapsus[9][n 5]
- Blue Ridge dusky salamander, Desmognathus orestes LC
- Apalachicola dusky salamander, Desmognathus apalachicolae LC
- Mountain dusky salamander, Desmognathus ochrophaeus LC and: [n 2]
- Northern pygmy salamander, Desmognathus organi
- Santeetlah dusky salamander, Desmognathus santeetlah LC
- Black mountain salamander, Desmognathus welteri LC
- Pygmy salamander, Desmognathus wrighti LC
- Ensatina
- Ensatina, Ensatina eschscholtzii LC
- Red Hills salamander
- Red Hills salamander, Phaeognathus hubrichti EN T
- Woodland salamanders
- Ainsworth's salamander or Bay Springs salamander, Plethodon ainsworthi EX
- Western slimy salamander, Plethodon albagula LC
- Blue Ridge gray-cheeked salamander, Plethodon amplus VU
- Ozark zigzag salamander, Plethodon angusticlavius LC
- Scott Bar salamander, Plethodon asupak VU
- Tellico salamander, Plethodon aureolus DD
- Caddo Mountain salamander, Plethodon caddoensis NT
- Chattahoochee slimy salamander, Plethodon chattahoochee
- Cheoah Bald salamander, Plethodon cheoah VU
- Atlantic Coast slimy salamander, Plethodon chlorobryonis
- Red-backed salamander or eastern red-backed salamander, Plethodon cinereus LC
- White-spotted slimy salamander, Plethodon cylindraceus LC
- Northern zigzag salamander, Plethodon dorsalis LC
- Dunn's salamander, Plethodon dunni LC
- Northern ravine salamander, Plethodon electromorphus LC
- Del Norte salamander, Plethodon elongatus NT
- Fourche Mountain salamander, Plethodon fourchensis VU
- Northern slimy salamander, Plethodon glutinosus LC and:[n 2][9]
- Southeastern slimy salamander, Plethodon grobmani
- Mississippi slimy salamander, Plethodon mississippi
- Valley and ridge salamander, Plethodon hoffmani LC
- Peaks of Otter salamander, Plethodon hubrichti VU
- Coeur d'Alene salamander, Plethodon idahoensis LC
- Red-cheeked salamander, Plethodon jordani NT
- Cumberland Plateau salamander, Plethodon kentucki LC
- Kiamichi slimy salamander, Plethodon kiamichi DD
- Louisiana slimy salamander, Plethodon kisatchie LC
- Larch Mountain salamander, Plethodon larselli NT
- South Mountain graycheeked salamander, Plethodon meridianus VU
- Southern gray-cheeked salamander, Plethodon metcalfi LC
- Northern gray-cheeked salamander, Plethodon montanus LC
- Jemez Mountains salamander, Plethodon neomexicanus NT E
- Cheat Mountain salamander, Plethodon nettingi NT T
- Ocmulgee slimy salamander, Plethodon ocmulgee
- Rich Mountain salamander, Plethodon ouachitae NT
- Pigeon Mountain salamander, Plethodon petraeus VU
- White-spotted salamander, Plethodon punctatus NT
- Ravine salamander or southern ravine salamander, Plethodon richmondi LC
- Savannah slimy salamander, Plethodon savannah
- Sequoyah slimy salamander, Plethodon sequoyah DD
- Southern red-backed salamander, Plethodon serratus LC
- Shenandoah salamander, Plethodon shenandoah VU E
- Big Levels salamander, Plethodon sherando VU
- Red-legged salamander, Plethodon shermani VU
- Siskiyou Mountains salamander, Plethodon stormi EN
- Southern Appalachian salamander, Plethodon teyahalee LC
- Van Dyke's salamander, Plethodon vandykei LC
- South Carolina slimy salamander, Plethodon variolatus
- Western redback salamander, Plethodon vehiculum LC
- Southern zigzag salamander, Plethodon ventralis LC
- Shenandoah Mountain salamander, Plethodon virginia NT
- Webster's salamander, Plethodon websteri LC
- Wehrle's salamander, Plethodon wehrlei LC and:[n 2]
- Dixie Caverns salamander, Plethodon dixi[7][8][n 6][n 4]
- Blacksburg salamander, Plethodon jacksoni[7][8][n 6][n 4]
- Yellow-spotted woodland salamander, Plethodon pauleyi[7][8][n 6][n 4]
- Weller's salamander, Plethodon welleri EN
- Yonahlossee salamander, Plethodon yonahlossee LC
- Patch-nosed salamander, Urspelerpes brucei
Subfamily: Spelerpinae
[edit]- Brook salamanders
- Two-lined salamander (Eurycea bislineata) complex:[13]
- Northern two-lined salamander, Eurycea bislineata LC
- Brown-backed salamander, Eurycea aquatica
- Junaluska salamander, Eurycea junaluska VU
- Blue Ridge two-lined salamander, Eurycea wilderae LC
- Southern two-lined salamander, Eurycea cirrigera LC and:[n 2]
- Carolina sandhills salamander, Eurycea arenicola [9][n 5]
- Salado Springs salamander, Eurycea chisholmensis VU T
- Three-lined salamander, Eurycea guttolineata LC
- Cascade Caverns salamander, Eurycea latitans VU and:[n 2][9]
- Comal blind salamander, Eurycea tridentifera VU
- Long-tailed salamander, Eurycea longicauda LC
- Cave salamander, Eurycea lucifuga LC
- Eurycea multiplicata complex:[14][9]
- Many-ribbed salamander, Eurycea multiplicata LC
- Grotto salamander, Eurycea spelaea LC and:[n 2]
- Southern grotto salamander, Eurycea braggi[7][n 4]
- Northern grotto salamander, Eurycea nerea[7][n 4]
- Ouachita streambed salamander, Eurycea subfluvicola[3]
- Oklahoma salamander, Eurycea tynerensis NT
- San Marcos salamander, Eurycea nana VU T
- Georgetown salamander, Eurycea naufragia EN T
- Texas salamander, Eurycea neotenes VU
- Blanco River Springs salamander, Eurycea pterophila DD
- Eurycea quadridigitata complex:[15][9]
- Southeastern dwarf salamander, Eurycea quadridigitata LC
- Chamberlain's dwarf salamander, Eurycea chamberlaini DD
- Hillis's dwarf salamander, Eurycea hillisi[3]
- Western dwarf salamander, Eurycea paludicola[3]
- Bog dwarf salamander, Eurycea sphagnicola[3]
- Barton Springs salamander, Eurycea sosorum VU E
- Jollyville Plateau salamander, Eurycea tonkawae EN T
- Valdina Farms salamander, Eurycea troglodytes DD
- Austin blind salamander, Eurycea waterlooensis VU E
- Texas blind salamander, Eurycea rathbuni VU E
- Blanco blind salamander, Eurycea robusta DD
- Georgia blind salamander, Eurycea wallacei VU
- Spring salamanders
- Berry Cave salamander, Gyrinophilus gulolineatus EN
- Tennessee cave salamander, Gyrinophilus palleucus VU
- Spring salamander, Gyrinophilus porphyriticus LC
- West Virginia spring salamander, Gyrinophilus subterraneus EN
- Red and mud salamanders
- Mud salamander, Pseudotriton montanus LC and:[n 2]
- Midland mud salamander, Pseudotriton (montanus) diastictus[7][8][n 4]
- Red salamander, Pseudotriton ruber LC
- Many-lined salamander
- Many-lined salamander, Stereochilus marginatus LC
Subfamily: Bolitoglossinae
[edit]- Slender salamanders
- Subgenus: Batrachoseps
- California slender salamander, Batrachoseps attenuatus LC
- San Gabriel slender salamander, Batrachoseps gabrieli DD
- Batrachoseps diabolicus group:[16]
- Hell Hollow slender salamander, Batrachoseps diabolicus DD
- Greenhorn Mountains slender salamander, Batrachoseps altasierrae
- Sequoia slender salamander, Batrachoseps kawia DD
- Kings River slender salamander, Batrachoseps regius VU
- Batrachoseps nigriventris group:[16]
- Black-bellied slender salamander, Batrachoseps nigriventris LC
- Fairview slender salamander, Batrachoseps bramei
- Gregarious slender salamander, Batrachoseps gregarius LC
- Relictual slender salamander, Batrachoseps relictus DD
- Kern Canyon slender salamander, Batrachoseps simatus VU
- Tehachapi slender salamander, Batrachoseps stebbinsi VU
- Batrachoseps pacificus group:[17]
- Channel Islands slender salamander, Batrachoseps pacificus LC
- Arguello slender salamander, Batrachoseps wakei[9][n 5]
- Southern California slender salamander, Batrachoseps major LC (desert slender salamander B. (m.) aridus: E)
- Lesser slender salamander, Batrachoseps minor DD
- Gabilan Mountains slender salamander, Batrachoseps gavilanensis LC
- San Simeon slender salamander, Batrachoseps incognitus DD
- Santa Lucia Mountains slender salamander, Batrachoseps luciae LC
- Subgenus: Plethopsis
- Inyo Mountains salamander, Batrachoseps campi EN
- Kern Plateau salamander, Batrachoseps robustus NT
- Oregon slender salamander, Batrachoseps wrighti VU
Subfamily: Hemidactyliinae
[edit]- Fourtoed salamander, Hemidactylium scutatum LC
- Dwarf waterdog, Necturus punctatus LC
- Alabama waterdog, Necturus alabamensis EN and:[n 2]
- Mobile waterdog, Necturus lodingi [n 4] (sometimes recognized,[3]
- Gulf Coast waterdog, Necturus beyeri LC
- Neuse River waterdog, Necturus lewisi NT
- Common mudpuppy, Necturus maculosus LC and:[n 2]
- Red River mudpuppy, Necturus (maculosus) louisianensis [7][n 6]
- Apalachicola waterdog, Necturus moleri[7][8][n 1]
- Escambia waterdog, Necturus mounti[7][8][n 1]
Family: Ambystomatidae
[edit]
- Ringed salamander, Ambystoma annulatum LC
- Streamside salamander, Ambystoma barbouri NT
- Frosted flatwoods salamander, Ambystoma cingulatum VU T and:[n 2]
- Reticulated flatwoods salamander, Ambystoma bishopi VU E
- California tiger salamander, Ambystoma californiense VU (Santa Barbara and Sonoma Counties E, central California T)
- Northwestern salamander, Ambystoma gracile LC
- Jefferson salamander, Ambystoma jeffersonianum LC
- Blue-spotted salamander, Ambystoma laterale LC
- Mabee's salamander, Ambystoma mabeei LC
- Long-toed salamander, Ambystoma macrodactylum LC (Santa Cruz long-toed salamander, A. m. croceum: E)
- Spotted salamander, Ambystoma maculatum LC
- Western tiger salamander, Ambystoma mavortium (Sonoran tiger salamander, A. m. stebbinsi: E)
- Marbled salamander, Ambystoma opacum LC
- Mole salamander, Ambystoma talpoideum LC
- Small-mouthed salamander, Ambystoma texanum LC
- Eastern tiger salamander, Ambystoma tigrinum LC
Family: Amphiumidae
[edit]- Two-toed amphiuma, Amphiuma means LC
- One-toed amphiuma, Amphiuma pholeter NT
- Three-toed amphiuma, Amphiuma tridactylum LC
Family: Dicamptodontidae
[edit]- Idaho giant salamander, Dicamptodon aterrimus LC
- Cope's giant salamander, Dicamptodon copei LC
- California giant salamander, Dicamptodon ensatus NT
- Coastal giant salamander, Dicamptodon tenebrosus LC
Family: Rhyacotritonidae
[edit]
- Cascade torrent salamander, Rhyacotriton cascadae NT
- Columbia torrent salamander, Rhyacotriton kezeri NT
- Olympic torrent salamander, Rhyacotriton olympicus VU
- Southern torrent salamander, Rhyacotriton variegatus LC
Suborder: Sirenoidea
[edit]- Dwarf sirens
- Southern dwarf siren, Pseudobranchus axanthus LC
- Northern dwarf siren, Pseudobranchus striatus LC
- Sirens
- Lesser siren, Siren intermedia LC
- Greater siren, Siren lacertina LC
- Reticulated siren, Siren reticulata[7][8][n 1]
Lithobates catesbeiana
Anaxyrus americanus
- detail of parotoid glands
Spea hammondii
Suborder: Archaeobatrachia
[edit]Family: Ascaphidae
[edit]- Rocky Mountain tailed frog, Ascaphus montanus LC
- Coastal tailed frog, Ascaphus truei LC
Suborder: Mesobatrachia
[edit]- African clawed frog, Xenopus laevis * LC
- Western clawed frog, Xenopus tropicalis *[9][n 5] LC
Family: Rhinophrynidae
[edit]- Burrowing toad, Rhinophrynus dorsalis LC
Family: Scaphiopodidae
[edit]- North American spadefoot toads
- Couch's spadefoot, Scaphiopus couchii LC
- Eastern spadefoot, Scaphiopus holbrookii LC
- Hurter's spadefoot, Scaphiopus hurterii LC
- Western spadefoot toads
- Plains spadefoot, Spea bombifrons LC
- Western spadefoot, Spea hammondii NT
- Great Basin spadefoot, Spea intermontana LC
- Mexican spadefoot, Spea multiplicata LC
Suborder: Neobatrachia
[edit]- American toad, Anaxyrus americanus LC
- Wyoming toad, Anaxyrus baxteri EW
- Western toad, Anaxyrus boreas LC and:[n 2]
- Amargosa toad, Anaxyrus nelsoni EN
- Arroyo toad, Anaxyrus californicus EN E
- Yosemite toad, Anaxyrus canorus EN
- Great Plains toad, Anaxyrus cognatus LC
- Chihuahuan green toad, Anaxyrus debilis LC
- Black toad, Anaxyrus exsul VU
- Fowler's toad, Anaxyrus fowleri LC
- Canadian toad, Anaxyrus hemiophrys LC E
- Houston toad, Anaxyrus houstonensis EN E
- Arizona toad, Anaxyrus microscaphus LC
- Hot Creek toad, Anaxyrus monfontanus[7][8][n 1]
- Railroad Valley toad, Anaxyrus nevadensis[7][8][n 1]
- Red-spotted toad, Anaxyrus punctatus LC
- Oak toad, Anaxyrus quercicus LC
- Sonoran green toad, Anaxyrus retiformis LC
- Texas toad, Anaxyrus speciosus LC
- Southern toad, Anaxyrus terrestris LC
- Woodhouse's toad, Anaxyrus woodhousii LC
- Dixie Valley toad, Anaxyrus williamsi[7][n 4]
- Colorado River toad, Incilius alvarius LC
- Coastal plains toad, Incilius nebulifer LC (formerly in Incilius valliceps)
- South American cane toad, Rhinella marina LC and:[n 2]
- Mesoamerican Cane toad, Rhinella horribilis[3]
- Tree frogs
- Pine Barrens tree frog, Hyla andersonii (Dryophytes andersonii[19]) NT
- Canyon tree frog, Hyla arenicolor (Dryophytes arenicolor[19]) LC
- Bird-voiced tree frog, Hyla avivoca (Dryophytes avivoca[19]) LC
- Cope's gray treefrog, Hyla chrysoscelis (Dryophytes chrysoscelis[19]) LC
- American green tree frog, Hyla cinerea (Dryophytes cinereus[19]) LC
- Pine woods tree frog, Hyla femoralis (Dryophytes femoralis[19]) LC
- Barking tree frog, Hyla gratiosa (Dryophytes gratiosus[19]) LC
- Squirrel tree frog, Hyla squirella (Dryophytes squirellus[19]) LC
- Gray tree frog, Hyla versicolor (Dryophytes versicolor[19]) LC
- Arizona tree frog, Hyla wrightorum (Dryophytes wrightorum[19]) LC (formerly in Hyla eximia)
- Chorus frogs
- Mountain chorus frog, Pseudacris brachyphona LC and:[n 2]
- Collinses' mountain chorus frog, Pseudacris collinsorum[9][n 5]
- Brimley's chorus frog, Pseudacris brimleyi LC
- California tree frog, Pseudacris cadaverina LC
- Spotted chorus frog, Pseudacris clarkii LC
- Spring peeper, Pseudacris crucifer LC
- Western chorus frog, Pseudacris triseriata LC and:[n 2]
- Upland chorus frog, Pseudacris feriarum LC and:[n 2]
- Cajun chorus frog, Pseudacris fouquettei LC
- New Jersey chorus frog, Pseudacris kalmi LC
- Upland chorus frog, Pseudacris feriarum LC and:[n 2]
- Pacific tree frog, Pseudacris regilla LC and:[n 2]
- Baja California tree frog, Pseudacris hypochondriaca
- Sierran tree frog, Pseudacris sierra
- Illinois chorus frog, Pseudacris illinoensis or Pseudacris streckeri illinoensis
- Boreal chorus frog, Pseudacris maculata LC
- Southern chorus frog, Pseudacris nigrita LC
- Little grass frog, Pseudacris ocularis LC
- Ornate chorus frog, Pseudacris ornata LC
- Strecker's chorus frog, Pseudacris streckeri LC
- Cricket frogs
- Cricket frog, Acris crepitans LC and:[n 2]
- Blanchard's cricket frog, Acris (crepitans) blanchardi[n 7]
- Southern cricket frog, Acris gryllus LC
- Other tree frogs
- Cuban tree frog, Osteopilus septentrionalis * LC
- Mexican tree frog, Smilisca baudinii LC
- Lowland burrowing tree frog, Smilisca fodiens LC
Family: Pelodryadidae
[edit]- (Australian treefrogs)
- Australian green tree frog, Ranoidea caerulea *[7][n 1] LC
- Typical frogs
- Northern red-legged frog, Rana aurora LC and:[n 2]
- California red-legged frog, Rana draytonii VU T
- Foothill yellow-legged frog, Rana boylii NT
- Cascades frog, Rana cascadae NT
- Columbia spotted frog, Rana luteiventris LC
- Southern mountain yellow-legged frog, Rana muscosa EN E and:[n 2]
- Sierra Nevada yellow-legged frog, Rana sierrae EN
- Oregon spotted frog, Rana pretiosa VU
- Water frogs
- American bullfrog, Lithobates catesbeianus LC
- Gopher frog, Lithobates capito NT
- Crawfish frog, Lithobates areolatus NT
- Mississippi gopher frog or dusky gopher frog, Lithobates sevosus CR E
- Rio Grande leopard frog, Lithobates berlandieri LC
- Plains leopard frog, Lithobates blairi LC
- Chiricahua leopard frog, Lithobates chiricahuensis VU T and:[n 2]
- Ramsey Canyon leopard frog, Lithobates subaquavocalis CR,[20][n 4]
- Green frog, Lithobates clamitans or Rana clamitans LC
- Vegas Valley leopard frog, Lithobates fisheri EX
- Pig frog, Lithobates grylio LC
- River frog, Lithobates heckscheri LC
- Florida bog frog, Lithobates okaloosae or Rana okaloosae VU
- Relict leopard frog, Lithobates onca or Rana onca EN
- Pickerel frog, Lithobates palustris LC
- Northern leopard frog, Lithobates pipiens or Rana pipiens LC and:[n 2]
- Mid-Atlantic coast leopard frog, Lithobates kauffeldi[3]
- Mink frog, Lithobates septentrionalis LC
- Southern leopard frog, Lithobates sphenocephalus LC
- Wood frog, Lithobates sylvaticus LC
- Tarahumara frog, Lithobates tarahumarae or Rana tarahumarae VU
- Carpenter frog, Lithobates virgatipes LC
- Lowland leopard frog, Lithobates yavapaiensis LC
- Japanese wrinkled frog, Glandirana rugosa * LC (Hawaii only)
Family: Craugastoridae
[edit]- Barking frog, Craugastor augusti LC
Family: Eleutherodactylidae
[edit]Subfamily: Eleutherodactylinae
[edit]- Coquí, Eleutherodactylus coqui * LC (Puerto Rico only)
- Rio Grande chirping frog, Eleutherodactylus cystignathoides LC, only:
- Rio Grande chirping frog, Eleutherodactylus (cystignathoides) campi[7][8][n 4]
- Spotted chirping frog, Eleutherodactylus guttilatus LC
- Antilles coqui, Eleutherodactylus johnstonei [9][n 5] LC (Bermuda, introduced), and:[n 2]
- Montserrat whistling frog, Eleutherodactylus montserratae[9][n 5] (Bermuda)
- Antilles coqui, Eleutherodactylus johnstonei [9][n 5] LC (Bermuda, introduced), and:[n 2]
- Cliff chirping frog, Eleutherodactylus marnockii LC
- Greenhouse frog, Eleutherodactylus planirostris * LC
Family: Leptodactylidae
[edit]Subfamily: Leptodactylinae
[edit]- Mexican white-lipped frog, Leptodactylus fragilis LC
Family: Microhylidae
[edit]Subfamily: Gastrophryninae
[edit]- Sheep frog, Hypopachus variolosus LC
Subfamily: Microhylinae
[edit]- North American narrow-mouthed frogs
- Eastern narrow-mouthed toad, Gastrophryne carolinensis LC
- Western narrow-mouthed toad, Gastrophryne olivacea LC and:[n 2]
- Sinaloan narrow-mouthed toad, Gastrophryne mazatlanensis[3]
Family: Dendrobatidae
[edit]Subfamily: Dendrobatinae
[edit]- Green-and-black poison dart frog, Dendrobates auratus * LC (Hawaii only)
See also
[edit]
- List of reptiles of North America north of Mexico
- List of U.S. state reptiles
- List of U.S. state amphibians
- List of threatened reptiles and amphibians of the United States
- List of U.S. state birds
- List of birds of North America
- List of U.S. state mammals
- List of mammals of North America
- Lists of reptiles by region
- Lists of amphibians by region
Notes
[edit]- ^ a b c d e f g h i j Species not listed by SSAR[3]
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac Species split from this species or considered as distinct species alternatively. All these taxa occur in the area of interest, including the one on the left.
- ^ a b Subspecies[3] elevated to full species rank
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n Species not recognized by SSAR[3]
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p Species not listed in the SSAR North American Species Names Database.[18]
- ^ a b c d e f Subspecies elevated to full species rank[7]
- ^ Subspecies elevated to full species rank[3]
References
[edit]- ^ Brian I. Crother; et al. (Committee On Standard English And Scientific Names) (August 2012). Scientific and Standard English Names of Amphibians and Reptiles of North America North of Mexico, with comments regarding confidence in our understanding. Seventh edition. SSAR Herpetological circular No. 39 (PDF). Shoreview, MN: Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles (SSAR). pp. 1–92. ISBN 978-0-916984-85-4. Retrieved December 13, 2014.
- ^ Brian I. Crother; et al. (Committee On Standard English And Scientific Names) (September 2008). Scientific and Standard English Names of Amphibians and Reptiles of North America North of Mexico, with comments regarding confidence in our understanding. Sixth edition. SSAR Herpetological circular No. 37 (PDF). Shoreview, MN: Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles (SSAR). pp. 1–84. ISBN 0-916984-74-5. Retrieved December 13, 2014.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m Brian I. Crother; et al. (Committee On Standard English And Scientific Names) (September 2017). Scientific and Standard English Names of Amphibians and Reptiles of North America North of Mexico, with comments regarding confidence in our understanding. Eighth edition. SSAR Herpetological circular No. 43 (PDF). Shoreview, MN: Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles (SSAR). pp. 1–102. ISBN 978-1-946681-00-3. Retrieved October 11, 2017.
- ^ Aguilera, M. (2016). "Aepeomys lugens". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T548A22353573. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-2.RLTS.T548A22353573.en. Retrieved 18 November 2021.
- ^ "The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species". International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources. Retrieved 5 March 2014.
- ^ "Title 50: Wildlife and Fisheries, § 17.11 Endangered and threatened wildlife". US Government Printing Office. Retrieved March 28, 2014.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y Frost, Darrel (2020). "Amphibian Species of the World 6.0, an Online Reference". American Museum of Natural History. Retrieved 25 July 2020.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n "AmphibiaWeb". University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA. 2020. Retrieved 25 July 2020.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v Frost, Darrel (2020). "Frost, Darrel R. 2023. Amphibian Species of the World: an online reference. Version 6.1. Electronic Database". New York, USA: American Museum of Natural History. Retrieved 25 July 2020.
- ^ Pyron, R. Alexander; Beamer, David A. (2022-07-19). "Nomenclatural solutions for diagnosing 'cryptic' species using molecular and morphological data facilitate a taxonomic revision of the Black-bellied Salamanders (Urodela, Desmognathus 'quadramaculatus') from the southern Appalachian Mountains". Bionomina. 27: 1–43. doi:10.11646/bionomina.27.1.1. S2CID 250720529.
- ^ Anderson, Jennifer A.; Tilley, Stephen G. (1 August 2003). "Systematics of the Desmognathus ochrophaeus Complex in the Cumberland Plateau of Tennessee". Herpetological Monographs. 17 (1): 75–110. doi:10.1655/0733-1347(2003)017[0075:SOTDOC]2.0.CO;2. JSTOR 1467013. S2CID 83847367.
- ^ Pyron, R. Alexander; Beamer, David A. (September 2022). "Systematics of the Ocoee Salamander (Plethodontidae: Desmognathus ocoee), with description of two new species from the southern Blue Ridge Mountains". Zootaxa. 5190 (2): 207–240. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.5190.2.3. PMID 37045172. S2CID 252573552.
- ^ Pierson, Todd W.; Miele, Alexander (30 April 2019). "Reproduction and life history of two-lined salamanders (Eurycea cf. aquatica) from tHe upper Tennessee river valley, USA" (PDF). Herpetological Conservation and Biology. 14 (1): 111–118. doi:10.1655/0018-0831-76.4.423. ISSN 1931-7603. S2CID 228096916. Retrieved 2023-01-29.
- ^ Steffen, Michael A.; Irwin, Kelly J.; Blair, Andrea L.; Bonett, Ronald M. (11 Apr 2014). "Larval masquerade: a new species of paedomorphic salamander (Caudata: Plethodontidae: Eurycea) from the Ouachita Mountains of North America". Zootaxa. 3786 (4): 423–442. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.3786.4.2. PMID 24869544.
- ^ Wray, Kenneth P.; Means, D. Bruce; Steppan, Scott J. (1 December 2017). "Revision of the Eurycea quadridigitata (Holbrook 1842) Complex of Dwarf Salamanders (Caudata: Plethodontidae: Hemidactyliinae) with a Description of Two New Species". Herpetological Monographs. 31 (1): 18–46. doi:10.1655/HERPMONOGRAPHS-D-16-00011. S2CID 90138747. Retrieved 2023-01-29.
- ^ a b Jockusch, Elizabeth; Martínez-Solano, Ínigo; Hansen, Robert W.; Wake, David B. (2012). "Morphological and molecular diversification of slender salamanders (Caudata: Plethodontidae: Batrachoseps) in the southern Sierra Nevada of California with descriptions of two new species". Zootaxa. 3190: 1–30. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.3190.1.1. ISSN 1175-5334. S2CID 46995147.
- ^ Martínez-Solano, Íñigo; Peralta-García, Anny; Jockusch, Elizabeth L.; Wake, David B.; Parra-Olea, Gabriela (April 2012). "Molecular systematics of Batrachoseps (Caudata, Plethodontidae) in southern California and Baja California: Mitochondrial-nuclear DNA discordance and the evolutionary history of B. major". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 63 (1): 131–149. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2011.12.026. hdl:10261/143456. PMID 22285301. S2CID 99513.
- ^ "SSAR North American Species Names Database". Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles (SSAR). Retrieved January 29, 2023.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j Duellman, W.E.; Marion, A.B.; Hedges, S.B. (2016). "Phylogenetics, classification, and biogeography of the treefrogs (Amphibia: Anura: Arboranae)" (PDF). Zootaxa. 4104 (1): 1–109. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.4104.1.1. PMID 27394762. Retrieved October 18, 2017.
- ^ Geoffrey Hammerson; Michael Sredl (2004). "Lithobates subaquavocalis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2004: e.T19180A8848570. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2004.RLTS.T19180A8848570.en. Retrieved 15 January 2018.
Further reading
[edit]- Fouquette, M. J.; Dubois, Alain (2014). A Checklist of North American Amphibians and Reptiles: The United States and Canada. Vol. 1 - Amphibians. Xlibris Corporation LLC. ISBN 978-1-4931-7035-7.[self-published source]
- Cope, Edward D. (1875). Check-list of North American Batrachia and Reptilia; with a systematic list of the higher groups, and an essay on geographical distribution. Based on the specimens contained in the U. S. National Museum. Bulletin of the United States National Museum. Published under the direction of the Smithionian Institution. Vol. 13. Washington: Government Printing Office: Department of the Interior: U.S. National Museum.
- Stejneger, Leonhard; Barbour, Thomas (1917). A check list of North American amphibians and reptiles (PDF). Cambridge, Mass., U.S.A.: Harvard University Press.
External links
[edit]- 8th Edition of Scientific and Standard English Names of Amphibians and Reptiles of North America North of Mexico published by the Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles (SSAR), available on the website of the American Society of Ichthyologists and Herpetologists
- "SSAR North American Species Names Database". Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles (SSAR).
- Frost, Darrel (2017). "Amphibian Species of the World 6.0, an Online Reference". American Museum of Natural History.
- AmphibiaWeb Database. University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA.
- Checklist of Amphibian Species and an Online Identification Guide for the Identification of Amphibians in North America north of Mexico
- Scientific and Common Names of the Reptiles and Amphibians of North America – Explained
- The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
- Endangered Species Program – US Fish & Wildlife Service
- Species Search – US Fish & Wildlife Service
- Endangered Species Act – National Marine Fisheries Service – NOAA
