List of United States tornadoes from November to December 2019
This page documents all tornadoes confirmed by various weather forecast offices of the National Weather Service in the United States from November to December 2019. Based on the 1991–2010 averaging period, 58 tornadoes occur across the United States throughout November while 24 more occur in December.[1]
November was devoid of any large outbreaks and although a couple strong tornadoes were observed during a small outbreak between November 26–27 along four tornadoes in the Phoenix, Arizona metropolitan area on November 29, the month finished significantly below average with only 19 tornadoes. By contrast, December was highlighted by a large and destructive outbreak between December 16–17. Another small outbreak occurred at the end of the month, which finished significantly above average with 56 tornadoes.
United States yearly total
[edit]EFU | EF0 | EF1 | EF2 | EF3 | EF4 | EF5 | Total |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
179 | 655 | 540 | 119 | 33 | 3 | 0 | 1,529 |
November
[edit]EFU | EF0 | EF1 | EF2 | EF3 | EF4 | EF5 | Total |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
3 | 9 | 5 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 19 |
November 1 event
[edit]EF# | Location | County / parish | State | Start coord. | Time (UTC) | Path length | Max width | Summary |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
EF1 | Madison | Morris | NJ | 40°44′07″N 74°28′29″W / 40.7352°N 74.4748°W | 04:23–04:28 | 4.87 mi (7.84 km) | 150 yd (140 m) | This tornado followed an intermittent path though Madison, snapping and uprooting numerous trees, some of which brought down power lines and utility poles. Some trees crushed cars, and others landed on and damaged homes.[2] |
EF1 | Southern Chesapeake | Chesapeake (City) | VA | 36°37′55″N 76°19′36″W / 36.6320°N 76.3268°W | 04:55–04:59 | 4.85 mi (7.81 km) | 200 yd (180 m) | A camper was destroyed, while homes at the south edge of Chesapeake sustained roof, shingle and gutter damage. Numerous trees were uprooted or had branches snapped off.[3] |
EF0 | NW of Peletier | Carteret | NC | 34°44′22″N 77°06′34″W / 34.7394°N 77.1094°W | 05:15–05:16 | 0.37 mi (0.60 km) | 60 yd (55 m) | A brief tornado blew down a 60-yard portion of a strong vinyl horse fence. Branches up to 1 foot (30 cm) in diameter were snapped from hardwood and softwood trees.[4] |
November 5 event
[edit]EF# | Location | County / parish | State | Start coord. | Time (UTC) | Path length | Max width | Summary |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
EF0 | ENE of Waveland | Martin | FL | 27°12′50″N 80°10′22″W / 27.214°N 80.1729°W | 21:20–21:23 | 0.26 mi (0.42 km) | 10 yd (9.1 m) | A waterspout moved onshore without causing damage.[5] |
November 7 event
[edit]EF# | Location | County / parish | State | Start coord. | Time (UTC) | Path length | Max width | Summary |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
EF0 | Mobile | Mobile | AL | 30°43′29″N 88°03′17″W / 30.7248°N 88.0548°W | 19:35–19:37 | 0.38 mi (0.61 km) | 25 yd (23 m) | A very weak tornado struck near the Mobile State docks and was recorded on video. A tree was snapped and a utility pole was blown down. Insulation was blown out from an industrial building, but the roof did not sustain much damage.[6] |
November 26 event
[edit]EF# | Location | County / parish | State | Start coord. | Time (UTC) | Path length | Max width | Summary |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
EF2 | N of Baskin | Franklin | LA | 32°14′06″N 91°46′42″W / 32.2351°N 91.7783°W | 00:03–00:15 | 7.02 mi (11.30 km) | 700 yd (640 m) | 1 death - Two mobile homes were rolled over and destroyed, injuring two people in one of them. One of the injured people later died. Another mobile home was pushed off its cinder blocks. A church slid 4 feet (1.2 m) off its foundation, and a house lost most of the shingles from the back portion of its roof. A shed lost metal from its roof, two wooden power poles were snapped, and numerous trees were uprooted.[7] |
EF1 | SE of Haynesville | Claiborne | LA | 32°54′06″N 93°02′32″W / 32.9017°N 93.0423°W | 00:20–00:21 | 0.62 mi (1.00 km) | 115 yd (105 m) | A mobile home suffered minor roof damage, and the top of a tree fell on a travel trailer. Trees were downed in a convergent pattern, with about 30 trees in total knocked down along the path.[8] |
EFU | E of Delhi | Madison | LA | 32°27′23″N 91°23′05″W / 32.4565°N 91.3847°W | 00:46–00:48 | 1 mi (1.6 km) | 25 yd (23 m) | The tornado remained over flat farmland. No damage occurred, though airborne debris was detected by Doppler weather radar.[9] |
EF2 | Star | Rankin | MS | 32°03′31″N 90°07′42″W / 32.0586°N 90.1282°W | 05:57–06:13 | 11.89 mi (19.14 km) | 500 yd (460 m) | Several homes suffered roof damage, with an upper floor wall collapsing at one home. At another home, the garage door failed, resulting in broken windows and the failure of a poorly secured brick facade. Several outbuildings were completely destroyed, including one that was secured with anchor bolts. Numerous hardwood and softwood trees were uprooted and snapped.[10] |
November 27 event
[edit]EF# | Location | County / parish | State | Start coord. | Time (UTC) | Path length | Max width | Summary |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
EF1 | NNW of Puckett to SSE of Polkville | Rankin, Smith | MS | 32°08′02″N 89°48′15″W / 32.1338°N 89.8041°W | 06:26–06:36 | 7.26 mi (11.68 km) | 75 yd (69 m) | The tornado uprooted several large hardwood and softwood trees and snapped large tree limbs. Minor tree damage occurred in Smith County.[11][12] |
EF0 | ENE of Brundidge | Pike | AL | 31°43′42″N 85°47′03″W / 31.7283°N 85.7842°W | 15:05–15:06 | 0.48 mi (0.77 km) | 65 yd (59 m) | An old mobile home lost its tin roof. A newer mobile home was shifted slightly off its supports and suffered skirting damage and a broken window. Seven trees were uprooted in a convergent pattern and other trees suffered minor limb damage.[13] |
EF0 | NW of Clio | Barbour | AL | 31°43′26″N 85°37′46″W / 31.724°N 85.6294°W | 15:19–15:21 | 1.15 mi (1.85 km) | 40 yd (37 m) | Minor tree damage occurred.[14] |
EF0 | ENE of Clio | Barbour | AL | 31°43′12″N 85°33′24″W / 31.7199°N 85.5568°W | 15:26–15:30 | 2.13 mi (3.43 km) | 55 yd (50 m) | Only minor tree damage was observed.[15] |
November 29 event
[edit]EF# | Location | County / parish | State | Start coord. | Time (UTC) | Path length | Max width | Summary |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
EF0 | Glendale to WNW of Scottsdale | Maricopa | AZ | 33°34′N 112°07′W / 33.56°N 112.12°W | 10:49–10:59 | 10.09 mi (16.24 km) | 100 yd (91 m) | Several trees were downed. One carport was destroyed while a second was blown onto cars.[16] |
EF1 | Eastern Glendale to Northern Scottsdale | Maricopa | AZ | 33°34′N 112°04′W / 33.56°N 112.06°W | 10:54–11:06 | 8.85 mi (14.24 km) | 200 yd (180 m) | Large trees were downed, some of which fell on carports and vehicles. Homes sustained roof damage, and a few had their roofs blown off.[17] |
EF0 | Higley | Maricopa | AZ | 33°17′N 111°45′W / 33.29°N 111.75°W | 11:41–11:46 | 4.5 mi (7.2 km) | 100 yd (91 m) | Small trees were damaged in two parking lots.[18] |
EF0 | Queen Creek | Maricopa | AZ | 33°14′N 111°38′W / 33.23°N 111.63°W | 11:51–11:57 | 3.56 mi (5.73 km) | 100 yd (91 m) | Power poles and trees were knocked down, and roofs were damaged in town.[19] |
November 30 event
[edit]EF# | Location | County / parish | State | Start coord. | Time (UTC) | Path length | Max width | Summary |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
EFU | NE of Guthrie Center | Guthrie | IA | 41°42′51″N 94°26′24″W / 41.7142°N 94.4399°W | 22:04–22:05 | 0.53 mi (0.85 km) | 20 yd (18 m) | A brief spin-up tornado was reported by law enforcement and recorded on video. No damage occurred.[20] |
EFU | NNE of Guthrie Center | Guthrie | IA | 41°44′44″N 94°25′32″W / 41.7456°N 94.4256°W | 22:13–22:15 | 1.17 mi (1.88 km) | 25 yd (23 m) | A tornado tracked over agricultural fields and caused no damage.[21] |
December
[edit]EFU | EF0 | EF1 | EF2 | EF3 | EF4 | EF5 | Total |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0 | 22 | 20 | 9 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 56 |
December 14 event
[edit]EF# | Location | County / parish | State | Start coord. | Time (UTC) | Path length | Max width | Summary |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
EF0 | NW of Micanopy | Alachua | FL | 29°31′58″N 82°18′26″W / 29.5329°N 82.3071°W | 08:53–08:55 | 0.2 mi (0.32 km) | 45 yd (41 m) | A boat shelter was severely compromised, fences and docks were broken, and watercraft were damaged. Many trees were downed.[22] |
EF0 | NE of Elkton | St. Johns | FL | 29°47′02″N 81°25′35″W / 29.7839°N 81.4265°W | 10:05–10:07 | 0.25 mi (0.40 km) | 325 yd (297 m) | Road signs were bent or twisted. Metal panels were torn from a building's roof and toss over a fence. A door was torn from a building.[23] |
EF1 | SW of Bunnell to S of Flagler Beach | Flagler | FL | 29°23′57″N 81°25′37″W / 29.3991°N 81.4269°W | 10:14–10:40 | 19.4 mi (31.2 km) | 880 yd (800 m) | A long-lived tornado tracked across Flagler county. The most significant damage was in Korona, where numerous trees, power lines and structures were damaged. One masonry building lost its roof. The tornado moved offshore south of Flagler Beach.[24] |
December 16 event
[edit]EF# | Location | County / parish | State | Start coord. | Time (UTC) | Path length | Max width | Summary |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
EF1 | SW of Bellevue to W of Homer | Bossier, Webster, Claiborne | LA | 32°38′01″N 93°36′07″W / 32.6336°N 93.602°W | 16:10–16:50 | 26.24 mi (42.23 km) | 250 yd (230 m) | Several hundred trees were snapped or uprooted by this long-lived, high-end EF1 tornado. One home lost most of its roof, toppling a brick wall. A second home also had most of its roof ripped off. A single-wide mobile home was lifted and carried about 50 yd (46 m), with the undercarriage of the structure wrapped around a tree and the remains destroyed.[25] |
EF2 | N of Elizabeth | Rapides | LA | 30°55′38″N 92°47′36″W / 30.9273°N 92.7934°W | 16:29–16:36 | 3.56 mi (5.73 km) | 147 yd (134 m) | The roof was ripped off a well-built farm building, and the roofs of several homes and barns were damaged. Trees were snapped and uprooted.[26] |
EF1 | ESE of Newellton, LA to N of Port Gibson, MS | Tensas (LA), Claiborne (MS), Warren (MS) | MS | 32°01′21″N 91°05′38″W / 32.0226°N 91.0938°W | 17:08–17:31 | 11.7 mi (18.8 km) | 600 yd (550 m) | Numerous trees were snapped and uprooted. A church's steeple was damaged, and minor roof damage occurred to mobile homes in a hunting camp.[27] |
EF3 | DeRidder to Alexandria to Pineville | Beauregard, Vernon, Rapides | LA | 30°50′50″N 93°15′57″W / 30.8471°N 93.2657°W | 17:10–19:00 | 62.61 mi (100.76 km) | 550 yd (500 m) | 1 death – See section on this tornado[28] |
EF1 | SSE of Vicksburg to Edwards to NNW of Bolton | Warren, Hinds | MS | 32°12′15″N 90°46′59″W / 32.2043°N 90.7831°W | 17:48–18:24 | 22.32 mi (35.92 km) | 616 yd (563 m) | Utility poles were snapped and trees were damaged. A substation and numerous homes suffered damage, some significantly due to fallen trees.[29] |
EF3 | NW of Liberty to W of Bogue Chitto | Amite, Lincoln | MS | 31°11′38″N 90°53′39″W / 31.194°N 90.8942°W | 20:30–21:20 | 29.28 mi (47.12 km) | 880 yd (800 m) | A large, low-end EF3 tornado impacted numerous homes, ripping the roofs off, destroying carports, and collapsing some exterior walls. A large, well-anchored manufactured home was obliterated. Its walls, floor, and roof were scattered far downstream, and multiple half-ton trucks and livestock trailers filled with thousands of pounds of tools were moved or flipped. Along the entirety of the path, numerous trees were snapped or uprooted. Three people were injured.[30] |
EF2 | N of Knoxville | Franklin | MS | 31°24′17″N 91°08′55″W / 31.4046°N 91.1485°W | 20:34–20:43 | 4.23 mi (6.81 km) | 720 yd (660 m) | Numerous trees were snapped and uprooted. A home suffered roof damage, and a nearby outbuilding was heavily damaged. One person was indirectly injured.[31] |
EF1 | SE of New Albany to NNE of Alpine | Union | MS | 34°27′50″N 88°55′40″W / 34.4639°N 88.9277°W | 21:41–21:53 | 9.26 mi (14.90 km) | 300 yd (270 m) | Trees were snapped and uprooted. Several structures were damaged, some by fallen trees. One person was injured.[32] |
EF0 | S of Calhoun City | Calhoun | MS | 33°48′54″N 89°20′50″W / 33.815°N 89.3471°W | 21:45–21:48 | 2.61 mi (4.20 km) | 60 yd (55 m) | Trees were knocked down.[33] |
EF1 | NNE of Wilmer | Tangipahoa, Washington | LA | 30°52′07″N 90°19′31″W / 30.8685°N 90.3253°W | 21:46–21:49 | 1.35 mi (2.17 km) | 50 yd (46 m) | Numerous trees were snapped, and a small section of tin roofing was ripped from a home.[34] |
EF2 | Guntown | Lee | MS | 34°26′38″N 88°43′08″W / 34.4439°N 88.7189°W | 21:53–22:04 | 9.42 mi (15.16 km) | 250 yd (230 m) | Numerous homes in Guntown sustained heavy damage to their roofs and windows, some of which had their garage doors blown out, by this low-end EF2 tornado. Two homes in particular were nearly completely deroofed. A metal-constructed church was also destroyed. A silo, a storage shed, and trees were damaged as well.[35] |
EF0 | ESE of Guntown | Lee | MS | 34°24′51″N 88°37′36″W / 34.4141°N 88.6267°W | 21:55–21:59 | 2.23 mi (3.59 km) | 80 yd (73 m) | Trees were damaged.[36] |
EF0 | E of Bogue Chitto | Lincoln | MS | 31°26′14″N 90°23′00″W / 31.4372°N 90.3832°W | 22:04–22:05 | 0.43 mi (0.69 km) | 50 yd (46 m) | The wall and steeple of a church were damaged. A large tree was downed on a home, with additional tree limbs snapped in the area.[37] |
EF0 | E of Hobo Station to W of New Site | Prentiss | MS | 34°33′24″N 88°26′18″W / 34.5566°N 88.4382°W | 22:14–22:15 | 0.33 mi (0.53 km) | 75 yd (69 m) | The roof of a barn was ripped off, and a carport and sheds were damaged.[38] |
EF1 | Tishomingo to W of Mingo | Tishomingo | MS | 34°37′26″N 88°13′43″W / 34.6240°N 88.2287°W | 22:27–22:31 | 3.51 mi (5.65 km) | 150 yd (140 m) | Damage was inflicted to 13 homes and 3 businesses suffered damage. Trees were damaged as well.[39] |
EF2 | Columbia | Marion | MS | 31°11′34″N 89°55′14″W / 31.1927°N 89.9206°W | 22:41–22:52 | 7.44 mi (11.97 km) | 350 yd (320 m) | A strong, multiple-vortex tornado partially ripped the roof off a collision center, damaged its exterior walls, and shattered its windows. A car was tossed over the storefront, and other nearby vehicles were moved or flipped. A library in Columbia suffered roof damage, an RV was thrown and destroyed, and power poles were snapped. Numerous trees were snapped or uprooted as well. Three people were injured.[40] |
EF2 | NE of Silver Creek | Lawrence, Jefferson Davis | MS | 31°36′57″N 90°00′27″W / 31.6159°N 90.0076°W | 22:44–23:00 | 10.66 mi (17.16 km) | 600 yd (550 m) | Two homes were destroyed while a third had most of its roof removed as a result of this high-end EF2 tornado. A cinder block store was destroyed, and a group of three chicken houses were damaged. A mobile home was destroyed, and one person was injured after being thrown out of the structure. A nearby truck was tossed about 30 yd (27 m). Numerous trees were snapped or uprooted, and multiple power poles were broken.[41] |
EF1 | ESE of Cherokee | Colbert | AL | 34°42′15″N 87°52′17″W / 34.7043°N 87.8715°W | 22:50–22:52 | 0.68 mi (1.09 km) | 75 yd (69 m) | Some tree trunks were snapped.[42] |
EF2 | Colbert Heights | Colbert | AL | 34°38′24″N 87°43′59″W / 34.64°N 87.7331°W | 22:52–23:01 | 8.18 mi (13.16 km) | 250 yd (230 m) | Numerous trees were snapped or uprooted throughout Colbert Heights. Several sheds were heavily damaged. One home had its roof entirely removed, with bricks blown off its west-facing wall and windows shattered as well. Three other homes suffered extensive roof damage, and others still sustained at least minor damage. A camping trailer was overturned.[43] |
EF0 | W of Lawrenceburg | Lawrence | TN | 35°16′08″N 87°31′08″W / 35.269°N 87.519°W | 22:55–22:59 | 3.76 mi (6.05 km) | 25 yd (23 m) | The front porch and a portion of the roof was ripped off one house, and its toilet was uplifted about 1 ft (0.30 m) above the flooring. A second house had a large number of its shingles removed. A large farm outbuilding was collapsed and another outbuilding had its roof damaged. Sporadic tree damage was observed.[44] |
EF1 | NE of Columbia | Marion | MS | 31°16′57″N 89°46′06″W / 31.2824°N 89.7682°W | 22:56–23:07 | 6.18 mi (9.95 km) | 440 yd (400 m) | Trees were snapped and uprooted. A couple of sheds were collapsed and some shingles from ripped from a home as well.[45] |
EF2 | S of Town Creek | Lawrence, Limestone | AL | 34°38′40″N 87°24′45″W / 34.6445°N 87.4126°W | 23:08–23:31 | 18.46 mi (29.71 km) | 370 yd (340 m) | 2 deaths – A strong tornado significantly damaged several mobile homes. One double-wide mobile home was rolled off its plot and destroyed, resulting in two fatalities. Three injuries occurred among the damaged structures. Near the end of the tornado's path, a small mobile home was shifted slightly off its plot while a small and well-built block outbuilding was largely demolished. Trees were damaged along the entirety of the track.[46] |
EF3 | Southern Sumrall | Lamar, Covington | MS | 31°23′25″N 89°34′35″W / 31.3902°N 89.5764°W | 23:17–23:25 | 5.83 mi (9.38 km) | 560 yd (510 m) | An intense multiple-vortex tornado impacted the south edge of Sumrall, where a well-built brick group home sustained significant roof and exterior wall loss. Six vehicles were tossed 40–60 yd (37–55 m) from the parking lot into a pile, and large trees were ripped out of the ground. An insulation company sustained damage to its metal storage building, where some walls were blown out. A sports complex sustained damage to its fence and bleachers. Numerous trees were snapped or uprooted, and a few homes were damaged as well. Seven people were injured.[47] |
EF3 | NNW of Mount Olive to W of Mize to SW of Sylvarena | Simpson, Smith | MS | 31°47′33″N 89°40′41″W / 31.7925°N 89.6781°W | 23:19–23:51 | 18.63 mi (29.98 km) | 1,320 yd (1,210 m) | A tornado began near the small community of Saratoga and moved to the northeast, damaging a church in addition to a few other buildings, sheds, and homes. Three different groups of chicken houses were heavily damaged or destroyed as the tornado continued northeastward. Southwest of Mize, a well-built house had its roof ripped off and a majority of its exterior walls collapsed. Two trucks were thrown 200 yd (180 m) into a pasture, and a few ATVs were thrown considerable distances as well. Multiple structures and chicken houses were damaged to the north of town, and another well-built house lost its roof and one of its outer walls. A large shed was destroyed and a tractor and boat were tossed 50 yd (46 m). Along the entirety of the path, trees and power lines were downed.[48] |
EF1 | Joe Wheeler State Park | Lauderdale | AL | 34°48′06″N 87°19′56″W / 34.8017°N 87.3322°W | 23:20–23:24 | 2.9 mi (4.7 km) | 500 yd (460 m) | Thousands of trees were either snapped or uprooted by a multiple-vortex tornado.[49] |
EF1 | E of Athens | Limestone | AL | 34°41′59″N 87°06′04″W / 34.6997°N 87.1010°W | 23:30–23:43 | 9.47 mi (15.24 km) | 50 yd (46 m) | Tree trunks were snapped, and a home had most of its roof ripped off.[50] |
EF0 | E of Cornersville | Marshall | TN | 35°21′40″N 86°49′23″W / 35.361°N 86.823°W | 23:41–23:45 | 3.45 mi (5.55 km) | 50 yd (46 m) | An outbuilding was collapsed, numerous shingles were ripped from a house, the metal roofing and siding was removed from a metal carport, and trees were sporadically uprooted.[51] |
EF0 | NE of Ardmore | Lincoln | TN | 35°00′38″N 86°49′34″W / 35.0106°N 86.8261°W | 23:50–23:52 | 3.2 mi (5.1 km) | 50 yd (46 m) | Several trees were uprooted, and a house sustained minor damage.[52] |
EF1 | Monrovia | Madison | AL | 34°47′25″N 86°44′12″W / 34.7904°N 86.7366°W | 23:54–00:00 | 1.25 mi (2.01 km) | 25 yd (23 m) | One home had two thirds of its roof ripped off, while homes in town sustained lesser damage, at least partially the result of flying debris such as an awning, along with fence segments and posts. A small outdoor metal shed was damaged, and numerous trees were snapped or uprooted.[53] |
EF3 | Laurel, MS to WNW of Lisman, AL | Jones (MS), Wayne (MS), Clarke (MS), Choctaw (AL) | MS, AL | 31°40′19″N 89°10′21″W / 31.672°N 89.1726°W | 23:59–01:29 | 61.81 mi (99.47 km) | 850 yd (780 m) | See section on this tornado – Two people were injured.[54] |
EF0 | SW of Meridianville | Madison | AL | 34°51′33″N 86°37′31″W / 34.8593°N 86.6252°W | 00:05–00:12 | 3.16 mi (5.09 km) | 37 yd (34 m) | Numerous trees were downed, and a couple of homes suffered minor roof damage.[55] |
EF2 | W of Demopolis | Marengo | AL | 32°25′14″N 87°58′43″W / 32.4206°N 87.9787°W | 02:07–02:16 | 5.95 mi (9.58 km) | 350 yd (320 m) | Several homes suffered roof and structural damage, including one that had its roof completely removed and sustained partial wall collapse. Two mobile homes were completely demolished nearby, resulting in three injuries. Extensive tree damage was observed.[56] |
EF0 | NW of Morgan Springs | Hale, Perry | AL | 32°46′10″N 87°29′34″W / 32.7695°N 87.4927°W | 03:03–03:12 | 5.35 mi (8.61 km) | 300 yd (270 m) | At least 100 trees were snapped or uprooted.[57][58] |
EF0 | NE of Gary Springs | Bibb | AL | 32°58′48″N 87°03′03″W / 32.9800°N 87.0507°W | 03:49–03:55 | 3.12 mi (5.02 km) | 200 yd (180 m) | A few trees and limbs were downed.[59] |
EF1 | N of Brierfield | Bibb | AL | 33°02′30″N 86°56′24″W / 33.0416°N 86.9401°W | 04:00–04:04 | 2.6 mi (4.2 km) | 300 yd (270 m) | Dozens of trees were snapped or uprooted, and a barn was damaged as well.[60] |
EF0 | E of Montevallo | Shelby | AL | 33°05′06″N 86°50′34″W / 33.0851°N 86.8429°W | 04:07–04:12 | 2.29 mi (3.69 km) | 200 yd (180 m) | An outbuilding was destroyed, two mobile homes suffered minor damage, and dozens of trees were snapped or uprooted. A house sustained minor roof damage, and a deputy sheriff was blown off the road in his vehicle.[61] |
December 17 event
[edit]EF# | Location | County / parish | State | Start coord. | Time (UTC) | Path length | Max width | Summary |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
EF0 | N of Rock Hill | Early | GA | 31°21′18″N 85°01′22″W / 31.355°N 85.0228°W | 12:30–12:33 | 0.4 mi (0.64 km) | 50 yd (46 m) | A few trees were snapped and blown in opposing directions.[62] |
EF0 | Madrid | Houston | AL | 31°02′N 85°23′W / 31.03°N 85.39°W | 12:52–12:53 | 0.14 mi (0.23 km) | 25 yd (23 m) | One home lost a garage and outbuilding. A few dozen softwood trees were uprooted or snapped.[63] |
EF1 | E of Jeterville | Miller | GA | 31°12′17″N 84°42′11″W / 31.2046°N 84.7031°W | 14:27–14:36 | 6.56 mi (10.56 km) | 200 yd (180 m) | Barns, trees, and farm equipment was damaged.[64] |
EF0 | WSW of Newton | Baker | GA | 31°18′27″N 84°23′36″W / 31.3074°N 84.3932°W | 15:00–15:02 | 0.2 mi (0.32 km) | 75 yd (69 m) | Several trees were snapped, a mobile home was slid off its support about 3 ft (0.91 m) and had its roof damaged, and an irrigation pivot was damaged.[65] |
EF2 | W of Ocilla to E of Ashton | Irwin, Ben Hill | GA | 31°35′N 83°25′W / 31.58°N 83.42°W | 16:39–17:09 | 20.31 mi (32.69 km) | 400 yd (370 m) | Hundreds of trees were snapped by this high-end EF2 tornado, and several homes were severely damaged and sustained roof loss. The most severe damage occurred at Grace Christian Academy in Mystic, where multiple brick buildings had roofs torn off and sustained collapse of exterior walls. Barns and outbuildings were heavily damaged or destroyed, irrigation machinery was damaged, and a couple RVs were rolled over and heavily damaged.[66][67] |
December 25 event
[edit]EF# | Location | County / parish | State | Start coord. | Time (UTC) | Path length | Max width | Summary |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
EF0 | S of Ventura | Ventura | CA | 34°14′08″N 119°15′32″W / 34.2356°N 119.2588°W | 05:00–05:15 | 0.84 mi (1.35 km) | 7 yd (6.4 m) | A short-lived tornado moved across Ventura Harbor. Damage was limited to trees, clay roof tiles, a small kiosk, and canopies from businesses. One canopy was blown into a finishing boat in the harbor.[68] |
December 27 event
[edit]EF# | Location | County / parish | State | Start coord. | Time (UTC) | Path length | Max width | Summary |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
EF1 | NW of Clovis | Curry | NM | 34°34′47″N 103°20′33″W / 34.5798°N 103.3425°W | 23:54–00:03 | 4.79 mi (7.71 km) | 100 yd (91 m) | Three wooden high transmission power poles were snapped about 2 ft (0.61 m) above ground level. At least three center pivot irrigation systems were significantly damaged or destroyed. This is the latest tornado on record in New Mexico.[69] |
December 28 event
[edit]EF# | Location | County / parish | State | Start coord. | Time (UTC) | Path length | Max width | Summary |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
EF0 | SE of Broken Arrow | Tulsa, Wagoner | OK | 36°00′44″N 95°45′53″W / 36.0121°N 95.7647°W | 21:30–21:32 | 1.2 mi (1.9 km) | 160 yd (150 m) | Part of the roof of one house was lifted and another house suffered roof damage. Large tree limbs were snapped and utility poles were left leaning. The tornado crossed the Broken Arrow campus of Northeastern State University before dissipating.[70][71] |
EF0 | S of Fair Play | Polk | MO | 37°35′39″N 93°33′52″W / 37.5943°N 93.5645°W | 01:03–01:06 | 1.36 mi (2.19 km) | 75 yd (69 m) | A brief tornado damaged a few farm buildings, uprooted and snapped several trees, and broke tree branches.[72] |
December 29 event
[edit]EF# | Location | County / parish | State | Start coord. | Time (UTC) | Path length | Max width | Summary |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
EF0 | W of Bolton | Hinds | MS | 32°21′37″N 90°29′51″W / 32.3604°N 90.4975°W | 20:49–20:51 | 0.89 mi (1.43 km) | 150 yd (140 m) | A brief tornado caused minor tree damage.[73] |
EF1 | SE of Goodman to SE of Sallis | Madison, Leake, Attala | MS | 32°52′46″N 89°48′27″W / 32.8795°N 89.8075°W | 21:35–21:42 | 7.34 mi (11.81 km) | 400 yd (370 m) | A small outbuilding and pumphouse were destroyed. Power lines were taken down. Many hardwood and softwood trees were uprooted and snapped.[74][75][76][77] |
EF1 | NE of Kosciusko to NE of Ethel | Attala | MS | 33°05′52″N 89°32′34″W / 33.0978°N 89.5429°W | 21:53–22:01 | 6.6 mi (10.6 km) | 500 yd (460 m) | Hundreds of trees were damaged or destroyed and the roof of a barn was damaged.[78] |
EF1 | NNE of Ethel to NNE of McCool | Attala | MS | 33°09′46″N 89°25′56″W / 33.1628°N 89.4323°W | 22:03–22:11 | 7.7 mi (12.4 km) | 900 yd (820 m) | Outbuildings were damaged and a fuel tank was thrown across a pasture. Power lines and hundreds of trees were destroyed.[79] |
EF1 | E of Weir | Choctaw | MS | 33°15′35″N 89°16′40″W / 33.2598°N 89.2778°W | 22:13–22:17 | 3.82 mi (6.15 km) | 200 yd (180 m) | Trees were toppled and a power pole was knocked down. Minor tree damage occurred along the later part of the path.[80] |
EF0 | SE of Maben | Oktibbeha | MS | 33°28′19″N 89°01′53″W / 33.472°N 89.0315°W | 22:32–22:35 | 2.61 mi (4.20 km) | 200 yd (180 m) | The tornado caused minor damage to mobile homes, skirting, and shingles and scattered tree damage.[81] |
EF1 | SW of Union | Newton | MS | 32°31′36″N 89°09′46″W / 32.5268°N 89.1628°W | 23:13–23:18 | 3.23 mi (5.20 km) | 125 yd (114 m) | A metal storage building lost its roof and some of its walls collapsed. A carport was destroyed. An outbuilding lost a small portion of its roof. A home suffered minor roof damage. Numerous trees were snapped and uprooted.[82] |
EF0 | SW of Athens | Limestone | AL | 34°45′15″N 87°04′40″W / 34.7541°N 87.0777°W | 00:50–00:57 | 5.07 mi (8.16 km) | 50 yd (46 m) | Mobile homes suffered roof and window damage. One mobile home was moved about 6 feet (2 m) and detached from an awning, but otherwise remained intact. A small outbuilding suffered significant damage and metal building systems suffered roof and siding damage. A portion of the porch roof of a small house was uplifted. Metals signs were damaged. Trees were uprooted and snapped and tree limbs were broken. One tree fell on a car and a tree limb fell on a house.[83] |
See also
[edit]- Tornadoes of 2019
- List of United States tornadoes from September to October 2019
- List of United States tornadoes in January 2020
Notes
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ "U.S. Tornado Climatology". National Centers for Environmental Information. Retrieved October 10, 2020.
- ^ National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Mt. Holly, New Jersey (2019). New Jersey Event Report: EF1 Tornado (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. Retrieved January 23, 2020.
- ^ National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Wakefield, Virginia (2019). Virginia Event Report: EF1 Tornado (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. Retrieved January 23, 2020.
- ^ National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Morehead City, North Carolina (2019). North Carolina Event Report: EF1 Tornado (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. Retrieved March 31, 2020.
- ^ National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Melbourne, Florida (2019). Florida Event Report: EF0 Tornado (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. Retrieved March 31, 2020.
- ^ National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Mobile, Alabama (2019). Alabama Event Report: EF0 Tornado (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. Retrieved March 31, 2020.
- ^ National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Tallahassee, Florida (2019). Alabama Event Report: EF2 Tornado (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. Retrieved February 20, 2020.
- ^ National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Shreveport, Louisiana (2019). Louisiana Event Report: EF1 Tornado (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. Retrieved March 31, 2020.
- ^ National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Jackson, Mississippi (2019). Louisiana Event Report: EFU Tornado (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. Retrieved March 31, 2020.
- ^ National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Jackson, Mississippi (2019). Mississippi Event Report: EF2 Tornado (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. Retrieved March 31, 2020.
- ^ National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Jackson, Mississippi (2019). Mississippi Event Report: EF1 Tornado (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. Retrieved March 31, 2020.
- ^ National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Jackson, Mississippi (2019). Mississippi Event Report: EF0 Tornado (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. Retrieved March 31, 2020.
- ^ National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Birmingham, Alabama (2019). Alabama Event Report: EF0 Tornado (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. Retrieved March 31, 2020.
- ^ National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Birmingham, Alabama (2019). Alabama Event Report: EF0 Tornado (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. Retrieved March 31, 2020.
- ^ National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Birmingham, Alabama (2019). Alabama Event Report: EF0 Tornado (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. Retrieved March 31, 2020.
- ^ National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Phoenix, Arizona (2019). Arizona Event Report: EF0 Tornado (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. Retrieved March 31, 2020.
- ^ National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Phoenix, Arizona (2019). Arizona Event Report: EF0 Tornado (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. Retrieved March 31, 2020.
- ^ National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Phoenix, Arizona (2019). Arizona Event Report: EF0 Tornado (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. Retrieved March 31, 2020.
- ^ National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Phoenix, Arizona (2019). Arizona Event Report: EF0 Tornado (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. Retrieved March 31, 2020.
- ^ National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Des Moines, Iowa (2019). Iowa Event Report: EFU Tornado (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. Retrieved March 31, 2020.
- ^ National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Des Moines, Iowa (2019). Iowa Event Report: EFU Tornado (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. Retrieved March 31, 2020.
- ^ National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Jacksonville, Florida (2019). Florida Event Report: EF0 Tornado (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. Retrieved April 2, 2020.
- ^ National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Jacksonville, Florida (2019). Florida Event Report: EF0 Tornado (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. Retrieved April 2, 2020.
- ^ National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Jacksonville, Florida (2019). Florida Event Report: EF1 Tornado (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. Retrieved April 2, 2020.
- ^ "Louisiana Event Report: EF1 Tornado". National Centers for Environmental Information. National Weather Service. Retrieved 16 August 2022."Louisiana Event Report: EF1 Tornado". National Centers for Environmental Information. National Weather Service. Retrieved 16 August 2022."Louisiana Event Report: EF1 Tornado". National Centers for Environmental Information. National Weather Service. Retrieved 16 August 2022.
- ^ "Louisiana Event Report: EF2 Tornado". National Centers for Environmental Information. National Weather Service. Retrieved 16 August 2022.
- ^ "Louisiana Event Report: EF0 Tornado". National Centers for Environmental Information. National Weather Service. Retrieved 16 August 2022."Mississippi Event Report: EF1 Tornado". National Centers for Environmental Information. National Weather Service. Retrieved 16 August 2022."Mississippi Event Report: EF1 Tornado". National Centers for Environmental Information. National Weather Service. Retrieved 16 August 2022.
- ^ "Louisiana Event Report: EF3 Tornado". National Centers for Environmental Information. National Weather Service. Retrieved 16 August 2022."Louisiana Event Report: EF3 Tornado". National Centers for Environmental Information. National Weather Service. Retrieved 16 August 2022."Louisiana Event Report: EF3 Tornado". National Centers for Environmental Information. National Weather Service. Retrieved 16 August 2022.
- ^ "Mississippi Event Report: EF0 Tornado". National Centers for Environmental Information. National Weather Service. Retrieved 17 August 2022."Mississippi Event Report: EF1 Tornado". National Centers for Environmental Information. National Weather Service. Retrieved 17 August 2022.
- ^ "Mississippi Event Report: EF3 Tornado". National Centers for Environmental Information. National Weather Service. Retrieved 17 August 2022."Mississippi Event Report: EF2 Tornado". National Centers for Environmental Information. National Weather Service. Retrieved 17 August 2022.
- ^ "Mississippi Event Report: EF2 Tornado". National Centers for Environmental Information. National Weather Service. Retrieved 17 August 2022.
- ^ "Mississippi Event Report: EF1 Tornado". National Centers for Environmental Information. National Weather Service. Retrieved 17 August 2022.
- ^ National Weather Service in Memphis, Tennessee (2019). [Mississippi Event Report: EF0 Tornado] (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. Retrieved January 18, 2023.
- ^ "Louisiana Event Report: EF1 Tornado". National Centers for Environmental Information. National Weather Service. Retrieved 17 August 2022.
- ^ "Mississippi Event Report: EF2 Tornado". National Centers for Environmental Information. National Weather Service. Retrieved 17 August 2022.
- ^ "Mississippi Event Report: EF0 Tornado". National Centers for Environmental Information. National Weather Service. Retrieved 17 August 2022.
- ^ "Mississippi Event Report: EF0 Tornado". National Centers for Environmental Information. National Weather Service. Retrieved 17 August 2022.
- ^ "Mississippi Event Report: EF0 Tornado". National Centers for Environmental Information. National Weather Service. Retrieved 17 August 2022.
- ^ "Mississippi Event Report: EF1 Tornado". National Centers for Environmental Information. National Weather Service. Retrieved 17 August 2022.
- ^ National Weather Service in Jackson, Mississippi (2019). [Mississippi Event Report: EF2 Tornado] (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. Retrieved January 18, 2023.
- ^ National Weather Service in Jackson, Mississippi (2019). [Mississippi Event Report: EF1 Tornado] (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. Retrieved January 18, 2023.National Weather Service in Jackson, Mississippi (2019). [Mississippi Event Report: EF2 Tornado] (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. Retrieved January 18, 2023.
- ^ National Weather Service in Huntsville, Alabama (2019). [Alabama Event Report: EF1 Tornado] (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. Retrieved January 18, 2023.
- ^ National Weather Service in Huntsville, Alabama (2019). [Alabama Event Report: EF2 Tornado] (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. Retrieved January 18, 2023.
- ^ National Weather Service in Nashville, Tennessee (2019). [Tennessee Event Report: EF0 Tornado] (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. Retrieved January 18, 2023.
- ^ National Weather Service in Jackson, Mississippi (2019). [Mississippi Event Report: EF1 Tornado] (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. Retrieved January 18, 2023.
- ^ National Weather Service in Huntsville, Alabama (2019). [Alabama Event Report: EF2 Tornado] (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. Retrieved January 18, 2023.National Weather Service in Huntsville, Alabama (2019). [Alabama Event Report: EF0 Tornado] (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. Retrieved January 18, 2023.
- ^ National Weather Service in Jackson, Mississippi (2019). [Mississippi Event Report: EF3 Tornado] (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. Retrieved January 18, 2023.National Weather Service in Jackson, Mississippi (2019). [Mississippi Event Report: EF1 Tornado] (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. Retrieved January 18, 2023.
- ^ National Weather Service in Jackson, Mississippi (2019). [Mississippi Event Report: EF1 Tornado] (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. Retrieved January 18, 2023.National Weather Service in Jackson, Mississippi (2019). [Mississippi Event Report: EF3 Tornado] (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. Retrieved January 18, 2023.
- ^ National Weather Service in Huntsville, Alabama (2019). [Alabama Event Report: EF1 Tornado] (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. Retrieved January 18, 2023.
- ^ National Weather Service in Huntsville, Alabama (2019). [Alabama Event Report: EF1 Tornado] (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. Retrieved January 18, 2023.
- ^ National Weather Service in Nashville, Tennessee (2019). [Tennessee Event Report: EF0 Tornado] (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. Retrieved January 18, 2023.
- ^ National Weather Service in Nashville, Tennessee (2019). [Tennessee Event Report: EF0 Tornado] (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. Retrieved January 18, 2023.
- ^ National Weather Service in Huntsville, Alabama (2019). [Alabama Event Report: EF1 Tornado] (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. Retrieved January 18, 2023.
- ^ National Weather Service in Jackson, Mississippi (2019). [Mississippi Event Report: EF3 Tornado] (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. Retrieved January 18, 2023.National Weather Service in Mobile, Alabama (2019). [Alabama Event Report: EF1 Tornado] (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. Retrieved January 18, 2023.National Weather Service in Jackson, Mississippi (2019). [Mississippi Event Report: EF2 Tornado] (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. Retrieved January 18, 2023.National Weather Service in Mobile, Alabama (2019). [Alabama Event Report: EF1 Tornado] (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. Retrieved January 18, 2023.
- ^ National Weather Service in Huntsville, Alabama (2019). [Alabama Event Report: EF0 Tornado] (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. Retrieved January 18, 2023.
- ^ National Weather Service in Birmingham, Alabama (2019). [Alabama Event Report: EF2 Tornado] (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. Retrieved January 18, 2023.
- ^ National Weather Service in Birmingham, Alabama (2019). [Alabama Event Report: EF0 Tornado] (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. Retrieved January 18, 2023.
- ^ National Weather Service in Birmingham, Alabama (2019). [Alabama Event Report: EF0 Tornado] (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. Retrieved January 18, 2023.
- ^ National Weather Service in Birmingham, Alabama (2019). [Alabama Event Report: EF0 Tornado] (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. Retrieved January 18, 2023.
- ^ National Weather Service in Birmingham, Alabama (2019). [Alabama Event Report: EF1 Tornado] (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. Retrieved January 18, 2023.
- ^ National Weather Service in Birmingham, Alabama (2019). [Alabama Event Report: EF0 Tornado] (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. Retrieved January 18, 2023.
- ^ National Weather Service in Tallahassee, Florida (2019). [Georgia Event Report: EF0 Tornado] (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. Retrieved January 18, 2023.
- ^ National Weather Service in Tallahassee, Florida (2019). [Alabama Event Report: EF0 Tornado] (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. Retrieved January 18, 2023.
- ^ National Weather Service in Tallahassee, Florida (2019). [Georgia Event Report: EF1 Tornado] (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. Retrieved January 18, 2023.
- ^ National Weather Service in Tallahassee, Florida (2019). [Georgia Event Report: EF0 Tornado] (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. Retrieved January 18, 2023.
- ^ National Weather Service in Tallahassee, Florida (2019). [Georgia Event Report: EF2 Tornado] (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. Retrieved January 18, 2023.
- ^ National Weather Service in Tallahassee, Florida (2019). [Georgia Event Report: EF2 Tornado] (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. Retrieved January 18, 2023.
- ^ National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Los Angeles, California (2019). California Event Report: EF0 Tornado (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. Retrieved April 2, 2020.
- ^ National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Albuquerque, New Mexico (2019). New Mexico Event Report: EF1 Tornado (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. Retrieved April 2, 2020.
- ^ National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Tulsa, Oklahoma (2019). Oklahoma Event Report: EF0 Tornado (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. Retrieved April 2, 2020.
- ^ National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Tulsa, Oklahoma (2019). Oklahoma Event Report: EF0 Tornado (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. Retrieved April 2, 2020.
- ^ National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Springfield, Missouri (2019). Missouri Event Report: EF0 Tornado (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. Retrieved April 2, 2020.
- ^ National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Jackson, Mississippi (2019). Mississippi Event Report: EF0 Tornado (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. Retrieved April 2, 2020.
- ^ National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Jackson, Mississippi (2019). Mississippi Event Report: EF0 Tornado (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. Retrieved April 2, 2020.
- ^ National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Jackson, Mississippi (2019). Mississippi Event Report: EF1 Tornado (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. Retrieved April 2, 2020.
- ^ National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Jackson, Mississippi (2019). Mississippi Event Report: EF0 Tornado (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. Retrieved April 2, 2020.
- ^ National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Jackson, Mississippi (2019). Mississippi Event Report: EF0 Tornado (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. Retrieved April 2, 2020.
- ^ National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Jackson, Mississippi (2019). Mississippi Event Report: EF1 Tornado (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. Retrieved April 2, 2020.
- ^ National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Jackson, Mississippi (2019). Mississippi Event Report: EF1 Tornado (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. Retrieved April 2, 2020.
- ^ National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Jackson, Mississippi (2019). Mississippi Event Report: EF1 Tornado (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. Retrieved April 2, 2020.
- ^ National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Jackson, Mississippi (2019). Mississippi Event Report: EF0 Tornado (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. Retrieved April 2, 2020.
- ^ National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Jackson, Mississippi (2019). Mississippi Event Report: EF1 Tornado (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. Retrieved April 2, 2020.
- ^ National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Huntsville, Alabama (2019). Alabama Event Report: EF0 Tornado (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. Retrieved April 2, 2020.