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List of Mughal empresses

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This is a list of Mughal empresses. Most of these empresses were either from branches of the Timurid dynasty, from the royal houses or families of Persian nobles. Alongside Mughal emperors, these empresses played a role in the building up and rule of the Mughal Empire in South Asia, from the early 16th century to the early 18th century. The Mughal Empire mainly corresponds in the present day to the modern countries of India, Pakistan, Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Iran and Nepal.

Mughal empresses

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Name Parent(s) Birth name Origin Place of Origin Marriage Spouse
Aisha Sultan Begum[1] Sultan Ahmed Mirza and Qutak Begum unknown Timurid Samarqand 1499 Babur
Zainab Sultan Begum[2] Sultan Ahmed Mirza and Khanzada Begum unknown Timurid Samarqand 1504
Maham Begum[3] unknown unknown Persian 1506
Masuma Sultan Begum[4] Sultan Ahmed Mirza and Habiba Sultan Begum unknown Timurid Samarqand 1507
Bibi Mubarika[5] Malik Shah Mansur Yusufzai unknown Pashtun unknown 1519
Bega Begum[6] Yadgar Beg unknown Persian Khorasan 1527 Humayun
Hamida Banu Begum[7] Shaikh Ali Akbar Jami and Mah Afroz Begum unknown Persian unknown 1541
Mah Chuchak Begum[8] unknown unknown Mongol unknown 1546
Ruqaiya Sultan Begum[9] Hindal Mirza and Sultanam Begum Timurid unknown 1556 Akbar
Salima Sultan Begum[10] Nuruddin Muhammad Mirza and Gulrukh Begum Naqshbandi unknown 1561
Mariam-uz-Zamani[11][12][13][14] Raja Bharmal of Amber and Rani Champavati Unknown Kachhwaha Amber 1562
Shah Begum[15] Raja Bhagwant Das of Amber Man Bai Kachhwaha Amber 1585 Jahangir
Jagat Gosain[16] Raja Udai Singh of Marwar and Rani Kachavat Manrang Devi Manavati Bai Rathore Jodhpur or Phalodi 1586
Sahib Jamal[17] Khwaja Hasan unknown Turkish Herat 1586
Malika Jahan[18] Rawal Bhim Singh of Jaisalmer unknown Bhati Jaisalmer 1587
Nur-un-Nissa Begum[19] Ibrahim Husain Mirza and Gulrukh Begum Timurid Khorasan 1593
Khas Mahal Zain Khan Koka unknown Iranian unknown 1596
Saliha Banu Begum[20] Qaim Khan unknown unknown unknown 1608
Nur Jahan[21] Mirza Ghiyas Beg and Asmat Begum Mehr-un-nissa Persian Kandahar 1611
Mihr-un-nissa Begum[22] Sher Afgan Khan and Nur Jahan unknown Turkoman unknown 1621 Shahryar Mirza
Kandahari Begum[23] Sultan Muzaffar Husain Mirza Safavi unknown Safavid Persian Kandahar 1610 Shah Jahan
Mumtaz Mahal[24] Abu'l-Hasan Asaf Khan and Diwanji Begum Arjumand Banu Begum Persian Agra 1612
Akbarabadi Mahal[25] Mirza Iraj Izz-un-Nissa Turkoman Agra 1617
Dilras Banu Begum[26] Mirza Badi-uz-Zaman Safavi and Nauras Banu Begum unknown Safavid Persian unknown 1637 Aurangzeb
Nawab Bai[27] Raja Tajuddin Khan of Rajauri (disputed) Rahmat-un-Nissa Jarral unknown 1638
Aurangabadi Mahal[28] unknown unknown Georgian or Circassian unknown unknown
Rahmat Banu Begum[29] Swargadeo Sutamla of Ahom kingdom and Pakhori Gabharu Ramani Gabharu Ahom Ahom kingdom 1668 Muhammad Azam Shah
Jahanzeb Banu Begum[30] Dara Shikoh and Nadira Banu Begum unknown Timurid Agra 1669
Shahar Banu Begum[31] Ali Adil Shah II and Khurshida Khanum unknown Adilshahi Bijapur 1672
Nur-un-Nissa Begum[32] Mirza Sanjar Khan and Zinat-i-Alam Begum unknown Persian Khorasan 1659 Bahadur Shah I
Imtiaz Mahal[33] Khasusiyat Khan Lal Kunwar unknown unknown unknown Jahandar Shah
Indira Kanwar[34] Ajit Singh of Marwar Indira Kanwar Rathore Jodhpur 1715 Farrukhsiyar
Badshah Begum[35] Farrukhsiyar and Gauhar-un-Nissa Begum unknown Timurid Agra 1721 Muhammad Shah
Sahiba Mahal[36] Sayid Salabat Khan and Safa Begum unknown Turkish unknown 1722
Qudsia Begum[37] unknown Udham Bai unknown unknown unknown
Zeenat Mahal[38] unknown unknown unknown unknown 1840 Bahadur Shah Zafar

References

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  1. ^ Harold, Lamb (2010). Swords from the East. University of Nebraska Press. p. 364. ISBN 9780803229723.
  2. ^ Harbans Mukhia. The Mughals of India. John Wiley & Sons. p. 140. ISBN 9780470758151.
  3. ^ Mukhia 2004, p. 124.
  4. ^ Begum, Gulbadan (1902). The History of Humayun (Humayun-Nama). Royal Asiatic Society. p. 262.
  5. ^ Aftab, Tahera (2008). "Section Two. Muslim women in the history of South Asia". Inscribing South Asian Muslim women : an annotated bibliography & research guide (Online-Ausg. ed.). Leiden: Brill. p. 46. ISBN 9789004158498.
  6. ^ Annemarie Schimmel; Burzine K. Waghmar (2004). The Empire of the Great Mughals: History, Art and Culture. Reaktion Books. pp. 149.
  7. ^ The Humayun Nama: Gulbadan Begum's forgotten chronicle Yasmeen Murshed, The Daily Star, 27 June 2004.
  8. ^ Begum, Gulbadan (1902). The History of Humayun (Humayun-Nama). Royal Asiatic Society. p. 260.
  9. ^ Lal, Ruby (2005). Domesticity and power in the early Mughal world. Cambridge University Press. p. 205. ISBN 9780521850223.
  10. ^ Burke, S. M. (1989). Akbar: The Greatest Mogul. Munshiram Manoharlal Publishers. p. 143.
  11. ^ Smith, Bonnie G., ed. (2008). The Oxford Encyclopedia of Women in World History. Vol. 4. Oxford University Press. p. 656. ISBN 9780195148909.
  12. ^ Hindu Shah, Muhammad Qasim (1590–1612). Gulshan-I-Ibrahimi. Vol. 2. p. 223.
  13. ^ Sujan Rai, Bhandari (1695). Khulasat-ut-Tawarikh. Zafar Hasan. p. 374.
  14. ^ Mehta, Jaswant Lal (1984). Advance Study in the history of Medieval India:Mughal Empire. Vol. II. Sterling Publisher Private Limited. p. 222. ISBN 978-81-207-1015-3. Bihari Mal gave rich dowry to his daughter and sent his son Bhagwan Das with a contingent of Rajput soldiers to escort his newly married sister to Agra as per Rajput custom. Akbar was deeply impressed by the highly dignified, sincere and princely conduct of his Rajput relations. He took Man Singh, the youthful son of Bhagwant Das into the royal service. Akbar was fascinated by the charm and accomplishments of his Rajput wife; he developed real love for her and raised her to the status of chief queen. She came to exercise profound impact on socio-cultural environment of the entire royal household and changed the lifestyle of Akbar. Salim (later Jahangir), heir to the throne, was born of this wedlock on 30th August, 1569.
  15. ^ Prasad 1930, p. 29.
  16. ^ Eraly, Abraham (2007). Emperors of the Peacock Throne, The Saga of the Great Mughals. Penguin Books India. p. 299. ISBN 0141001437.
  17. ^ Balabanlilar, Lisa. Imperial Identity in the Mughal Empire : Memory and Dynastic Politics in Early Modern South and Central Asia. London: I.B. Tauris. p. 10. ISBN 9781848857261.
  18. ^ Jahangir, Emperor; Thackston, Wheeler McIntosh (1999). The Jahangirnama : memoirs of Jahangir, Emperor of India. Washington, D. C.: Freer Gallery of Art, Arthur M. Sackler Gallery, Smithsonian Institution; New York: Oxford University Press. pp. 376.
  19. ^ Beveridge 1907, p. 969-970.
  20. ^ Findly, Ellison Banks (1993). Nur Jahan, empress of Mughal India. New York: Oxford University Press. p. 125. ISBN 9780195360608.
  21. ^ Banks Findly 1993, p. 4
  22. ^ Nicoll 2009, p. 118.
  23. ^ Nicoll 2009, p. 74.
  24. ^ Lach, Donald F.; Kley, Edwin J. Van (1998). Asia in the Making of Europe, Volume III: A Century of Advance. Book 2, South Asia. University of Chicago Press. p. 689. ISBN 9780226466972.
  25. ^ Blake, Stephen P. (2002). Shahjahanabad: the sovereign city in Mughal India, 1639-1739. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 63. ISBN 9780521522991.
  26. ^ Sarkar, Sir Jadunath (1912). History of Aurangzib Vol. I (PDF). Calcutta: M.C. Sarkar & Sons. p. 61.
  27. ^ South Asia Papers - Volume 2. South Asian Institute, University of Punjab. 1978. p. 96.
  28. ^ Sarkar, Sir Jadunath (1973). 1618-1659. Orient Longman. p. 34.
  29. ^ Bhuyan, Suryya Kumar (1957). Atan Buragohain and His Times: A History of Assam, from the Invasion of Nawab Mir Jumla in 1662-63, to the Termination of Assam-Mogul Conflicts in 1682. Lawyer's Book stall. p. 31.
  30. ^ Sarkar, Sir Jadunath (1933). Studies in Aurangzib's reign: (being Studies in Mughal India, first series). Orient Longman. p. 44.
  31. ^ Sharma, Sudha (March 21, 2016). The Status of Muslim Women in Medieval India. SAGE Publications India. p. 82. ISBN 978-9-351-50567-9.
  32. ^ Syed 1977, p. 343.
  33. ^ Irvine, William (1971). Later Mughals. New Delhi: Munishram Manoharlal. pp. 180, 192–197. OCLC 952981690.
  34. ^ R.K. Gupta; S.R. Bakshi (1 January 2008). Studies In Indian History: Rajasthan Through The Ages The Heritage Of Rajputs (Set Of 5 Vols.). Sarup & Sons. pp. 219. ISBN 978-8-176-25841-8.
  35. ^ Sarkar, Jadunath (1997). Fall of the Mughal Empire (4th ed.). Hyderabad: Orient Longman. p. 169. ISBN 9788125011491.
  36. ^ Beveridge H. (1952). "The Maathir-ul-umara – Volume 2". Internet Archive. p. 653. Retrieved 2021-10-31.
  37. ^ Beveridge H. (1952). "The Maathir-ul-umara – Volume 2". Internet Archive. p. 653. Retrieved 2021-10-31.
  38. ^ Smith, R. v. (16 October 2011). "The sad plight of Zeenat Mahal". The Hindu.

Sources

[edit]
  • Banks Findly, Ellison (11 February 1993). Nur Jahan: Empress of Mughal India. Oxford, UK: Nur Jahan : Empress of Mughal India. ISBN 9780195074888.
  • Prasad, Beni (1930). History of Jahangir. Allahabad: The Indian Press.
  • Beveridge, Henry (1907). Akbarnama of Abu'l-Fazl ibn Mubarak – Volume III. Asiatic Society, Calcutta.
  • Mukhia, Harbans (2004). The Mughals of India. Malden, MA: Wiley-Blackwell. ISBN 978-0-631-18555-0.
  • Nicoll, Fergus (2009). Shah Jahan: The Rise and Fall of the Mughal Emperor. London: Haus. ISBN 978-1-906598-18-1.
  • Syed, Anees Jahan (1977). Aurangzeb in Muntakhab-al Lubab. Somaiya Publications.
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