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List of Korean dishes

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Korean cuisine
한국 요리
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Below is a list of dishes found in Korean cuisine.

Rice dishes (밥요리)

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Main article: Bap (rice dish)
Patbap
  • Bibimbap (비빔밥, "mixed rice"): rice topped with seasoned vegetables such as spinach, mushrooms, sea tangle, carrots, bean sprouts, and served with a dollop of gochujang (red pepper paste), and variations often include beef or egg. Everything (seasonings, rice and vegetables) is stirred together in one large bowl and eaten with a spoon. One popular variation of this dish, dolsot bibimbap (돌솥 비빔밥), is served in a heated stone bowl, which permits the dish to continue cooking after it is served, and in which a raw egg is cooked against the sides of the bowl. Yukhoe bibimbap (육회비빔밥) is another variant of bibimbap, comprising raw beef strips with raw egg and a mixture of soy sauce with Asian pear and gochujang.
  • Hoedeopbap (회덮밥): Another variation of bibimbap using a variety of cubed raw fish
  • Boribap (보리밥): Barley cooked rice
  • Nurungji (누룽지): The crisp thin layer of rice left on the bottom of the pot when cooking rice which is eaten as a snack or can be made as a porridge.
  • Ogokbap (오곡밥, five-grain rice): Usually a mixture of rice, red beans, black beans, millet, and sorghum, but can vary with glutinous rice and other grains in place of these.
  • Patbap (팥밥): rice with red bean
  • Kongbap (콩밥)
  • Kongnamulbap (콩나물밥): rice with bean sprouts kongnamul and sometimes pork
  • Gimbap (literally, seaweed-rice, 김밥)
  • Bokkeum-bap (볶음밥)
  • Jumeok-bap (주먹밥)
  • Deopbap (덮밥, "topped rice"): cooked rice topped with something that can be served as a side dish (e.g. Hoedeopbap is topped with hoe.)
  • Yakbap (약밥)
  • Ssambap (쌈밥)
  • Gukbap (국밥)

Other staples

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Noodles (Guksu, 국수)

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Main article: Guksu
  • Naengmyeon (냉면; North Korean: 랭면; Raengmyŏn), "cold noodles"), This dish (or originally winter dish) consists of several varieties of thin, hand-made buckwheat noodles, and is served in a large bowl with a tangy iced broth, raw julienned vegetables and fruit, and often a boiled egg and cold cooked beef. This is also called Mul ("water") Naengmyeon, to distinguish Bibim Naengmyeon, which has no broth and is mixed with gochujang.
  • Japchae (잡채), Boiled dangmyeon or potato noodles, steamed spinach, roasted julienned beef, roasted sliced onion, roasted julienned carrots are mixed with seasoning made of soy sauce, sesame oil and half-refined sugar.
  • Jajangmyeon (자장면), A variation on a Chinese noodle dish that is extremely popular in Korea. It is made with a black bean sauce, usually with some sort of meat and a variety of vegetables including zucchini and potatoes. Usually ordered and delivered, like pizza.
  • Kalguksu (칼국수), boiled flat noodles, usually in a broth made of anchovies and sliced zucchini.
  • Sujebi (수제비)
  • Makguksu (막국수), buckwheat noodles served in a chilled broth[1]
  • Jaengban guksu (쟁반국수)
  • Bibim guksu (비빔국수), stirred noodles in a hot and spicy sauce
  • Ramyeon (라면): spicy variation of noodle, usually eaten in the form of instant noodles or cup ramyeon.
  • Janchi guksu (잔치국수): a light seaweed broth based noodle soup served with fresh condiments, usually kimchi, thinly sliced egg, green onions, and cucumbers.
  • Geonjin guksu (건진국수)
  • Jjapaguri (ram-don)

Bread (ppang, 빵)

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See also: Korean baked goods
  • Hoppang (호빵)
  • Bungeoppang (붕어빵; "carp-bread") is the Korean name for the Japanese fish-shaped pastry Taiyaki that is usually filled with sweet red bean paste and then baked in a fish-shaped mold. It is very chewy on the inside and crispy on the outside.
  • Gukwa-ppang (국화빵): Bread shaped like a flower.
  • Gyeranppang (계란빵): a snack food prepared with egg and rice flour
  • Soboro-ppang (소보로빵)

Kimchi (김치)

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Kimchi

Kimchi (김치): vegetables (usually cabbage, Korean radish, or cucumber) commonly fermented in a brine of ginger, garlic, green onion and chilli pepper. There are endless varieties, and it is served as a side dish or cooked into soups and rice dishes. Koreans traditionally make enough kimchi to last for the entire winter season, although with refrigerators and commercial bottled kimchi this practice has become less common. Kimchi that is readily made is called geotjeori (겉절이) and the one that is fermented for a long time and has more sour taste is called sin-kimchi (신김치). Moreover, different regions of Korea make kimchi in different ways with different kinds of ingredients. For instance the lower southern part tends to make it taste more salty to preserve it longer. Some of the extra ingredients they use include squids, oysters and various other raw seafoods. Kimchi is often cited for its health benefits and has been included in Health magazine's "World's Healthiest Foods".[2][3][4][5] Nonetheless, some research has found nitrate and salt levels in kimchi to be possible risk factors to gastric cancer although shellfish and fruit consumption were found to be protective factors to gastric cancer. Research has also found kimchi to be a preventive factor to stomach cancer.[6][7]

  • Ggakdugi, radish kimchi
  • Baek kimchi, kimchi made without chili pepper
  • Mulkimchi, literally water kimchi
  • Pakimchi, scallion kimchi
  • Buchukimchi, Korean chive kimchi
  • Oisobakki, cucumber kimchi
  • Kkaetnip kimchi, perilla leaf kimchi
  • Chonggak kimchi, kimchi made with pony tail radish

Banchan (반찬)

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Main article: Banchan

Gui (구이)

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Main articles: Gui (food) and Korean barbecue
Bulgogi
  • Bulgogi (불고기): thinly sliced or shredded beef marinated in soy sauce, sesame oil, garlic, sugar, scallions, and black pepper, cooked on a grill (sometimes at the table). Bulgogi literally means "fire meat". Variations include pork (dwaeji bulgogi, 돼지불고기), chicken (dak bulgogi 닭불고기), or squid (ojingeo bulgogi, 오징어불고기).
  • Galbi (갈비): pork or beef ribs, cooked on a metal plate over charcoal in the centre of the table. The meat is sliced thicker than bulgogi. It is often called "Korean barbecue" along with bulgogi, and can be seasoned or unseasoned.
  • Dak galbi (닭갈비): stir-fry marinated diced chicken in a gochujang-based sauce, and sliced cabbage, sweet potato, scallions, onions and tteok.[1]
  • Samgyeopsal (삼겹살): unseasoned pork belly, served in the same fashion as galbi. Sometimes cooked on a grill with kimchi together at either side. Commonly grilled with garlic and onions, dipped in sesame oil and salt mixture and wrapped with ssamjang in lettuce.
  • Makchang gui (막창구이): grilled pork large intestines prepared like samgyeopsal and galbi, and often served with a light doenjang sauce and chopped scallions. It is very popular in Daegu and the surrounding Gyeongsang region.
  • Gobchang gui (곱창구이): similar to makchang except prepared from the small intestines of pork (or ox)
  • Saengseon gui (생선구이): grilled fish
  • Seokhwa gui or jogae gui (석화구이 or 조개구이): grilled shellfish
  • Deodeok gui (더덕구이): grilled deodeok (Codonopsis lanceolata; 더덕) roots
  • Beoseot gui (버섯구이): any kind of grilled mushroom
  • Gim gui or guun gim (김구이 or 구운 김): grilled dry laver (or gim)

Jjim (찜)

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See also: Jjim

Seon (선)

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Main article: Seon (food)
  • Oiseon (오이선): traditional Korean dish made from steamed cucumber with beef and mushrooms

Hoe (회)

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Main article: Hoe (food)

Namul (seasoned vegetables, 나물)

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  • Kongnamul (콩나물): Soybean sprouts, usually eaten in boiled and seasoned banchan. Soybean sprouts are also the main ingredient in kongnamul-bap (sprouts over rice), kongnamul-guk (sprout soup), and kongnamul-gukbap (rice in sprout soup).
  • Chwinamul (취나물)
  • Shigeunchi (시금치): lightly boiled spinach with a little bit of salt and ground garlic seasoning.
  • Kohsarii (고사리): loyal fern that is usually seasonsed with soysauce.
  • Hobaknamul (호박나물): Korean zucchini with baby shrimp called "Saewoojut (새우젓)".
  • Kongjaban (콩자반): black beans cooked in soysauce and sugar.
  • Dureubnamul (두릅나물): angelica tree shoots that have been steamed and seasoned with soy sauce and sesame oil.
  • Ggaennip (깻잎): perilla leaf that has been marinated with soysauce and sesame oil.
  • Sanmaneul (산마늘): Alpine leek cooked with vinegar and sugar.

Saengchae (생채)

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Main article: Saengchae
  • Oisaengchae (오이생채), cucumber dressed in pepper powder, ground garlic, ground ginger root, sugar, vinegar, sesame oil or perillar oil.
  • Doraji saengchae (도라지생채), made with the roots of Chinese bellflower

Sukchae (cooked vegetables, 숙채)

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  • Kongnamul (콩나물), soybean sprouts, usually eaten in boiled and seasoned banchan. Soybean sprouts are also the main ingredient in kongnamul-bap (sprouts over rice), kongnamul-guk (sprout soup), and kongnamul-gukbap (rice in sprout soup).
  • Japchae (잡채), vermicelli noodles cooked with stir-fried vegetables and small pieces of beef, which are cooked in a soy sauce mixture.

Buchimgae (부침개)

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Pajeon
Main articles: Buchimgae and Jeon (food)

Buchimgae, also Korean pancake,[8] in a narrower sense is a dish made by pan-frying in oil a thick batter with various ingredients into a thin flat pancake.[9] In a wider sense it refers to food made by panfrying an ingredient soaked in egg or a batter mixed with various ingredients. In this case jeon, a dish made by seasoning whole, sliced, or minced fish, meat, vegetables, etc., and coating them with wheat flour and egg wash before frying them in oil,[10] can be considered a type of buchimgae.

An aehobak can be used to make both buchimgae and jeon:

  • Aehobakbuchimgae (애호박부침개): a type of buchimgae, made by seasoning julienned aehobak and mixing them with wheat flour and beaten egg, then pan-frying them in oil.
  • Hobakjeon (호박전): a type of jeon, made by slicing aehobak thinly, egg-washing the slices, and pan-frying them in oil.

Popular dishes includes:

  • Pajeon (파전): made by adding spring onions cut long, seafood, etc., into a flour dough, and pan-frying it
  • Bindaetteok (빈대떡): made by grinding soaked mung beans, adding vegetables and meat and pan-frying it round and flat
  • Kimchibuchimgae (김치부침개): made by frying a mixture of flour, water, and chopped kimchi
  • Mineojeon (민어전; 民魚煎), made with croaker
  • Daegujeon (대구전; 大口煎), made with Pacific cod
  • Guljeon (굴전), made with oyster
  • Yeongeunjeon (연근전), made with lotus root
  • Gochujeon (고추전), made with chili peppers
  • Dubujeon (두부전), made with tofu
  • Pyogojeon (표고전), made with shiitake mushrooms and beef

Soups and stews

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Guk (soup, 국)

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Main article: Guk
Tteokguk

Stews (tang (탕), Jjigae (찌개), Jeongol (전골))

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Gamjatang
Galbitang
Sundubu-jjigae
Sinseollo
Main article: Jjigae
  • Galbitang (갈비탕), a hearty soup made from short rib
  • Oritang (오리탕), a soup or stew made by slowly simmering duck and various vegetables.[13][14]
  • Samgyetang (삼계탕): a soup made with Cornish game hens that are stuffed with ginseng, hwanggi (황기, Astragalus propinquus),[15] glutinous rice, jujubes, garlic, and chestnuts. The soup is traditionally eaten in the summer.
  • Seolleongtang (설렁탕): A beef bone stock is simmered overnight then served with thinly sliced pieces of beef. Usually served in a bowl containing dangmyeon (당면, cellophane noodles) and pieces of beef. Sliced scallions and black pepper are used as condiments.[1]
  • Maeuntang (매운탕): a refreshing, hot and spicy fish soup.
  • Gamjatang (감자탕, "pork spine stew" (literally means potato soup): a spicy soup made with pork spine, vegetables (especially potatoes) and hot peppers. The vertebrae are usually separated. This is often served as a late night snack but may also be served for a lunch or dinner.[16]
  • Daktoritang (닭도리탕) : A spicy chicken and potato stew. Also known as Dakbokkeumtang (닭볶음탕).
  • Chueotang (추어탕) ground Loach soup, where the loach boiled and ground to make smooth. The ground loach is mixed with several seasoning and vegetables, and then boiled once more.
  • Bosintang (보신탕) : a soup made primarily with dog meat, boiled with vegetables and spices such as doenjang and gochujang.
  • Doenjang jjigae (된장찌개): or soybean paste soup, is typically served as the main course or served alongside a meat course. It contains a variety of vegetables, shellfish, tofu, and occasionally small mussels, shrimp or large anchovies. Usually, anchovies are used for preparing the base stock and are taken out before adding the main ingredients.
  • Cheonggukjang jjigae (청국장찌개): a soup made from strong-smelling thick soybean paste containing whole beans
  • Gochujang jjigae (고추장찌개): chili pepper paste soup
  • Kimchi jjigae (김치찌개): A soup made with mainly kimchi, pork, and tofu. It is a common lunch meal or complement to a meat course. It is normally served in a stone pot, still boiling when it arrives at the table.
  • Kongbiji jjigae (콩비지찌개): a stew made with ground soybeans.
  • Sundubu jjigae (순두부찌개): a spicy stew made with soft tofu and shellfish. Traditionally, the diner puts a raw egg in it while it is still boiling.
  • Saeujeot jjigae (새우젓찌개), jjigae made with saeujeot (fermented shrimp sauce)
  • Budae-jjigae (부대찌개, lit. "army base stew"): Soon after the Korean War, when meat was scarce, some people made use of surplus foods from US Army bases such as hot dogs and canned ham (such as Spam) and incorporated it into a traditional spicy soup. This budae jjigae is still popular in South Korea, and the dish often incorporates more modern ingredients such as instant ramen noodles.[1]
  • Saengseon jjigae (생선찌개), fish stew
  • Sinseollo (신선로), elaborate variety of jeongol once served in Korean royal court cuisine.
  • Gopchang jeongol (곱창전골), beef entrails and vegetable stew
  • Gamja-ongsimi (감자옹심이), variety of sujebi in South Korea's Gangwon cuisine

Sweets and snacks (Gansik, 간식)

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See also: List of Korean desserts
Tteokbokki
  • Tteokbokki (떡볶이): a dish which is usually made with sliced rice cake, fish cakes and is flavored with gochujang.
  • Sundae (순대): Korean sausage made with a mixture of boiled sweet rice, oxen or pig's blood, potato noodle, mung bean sprouts, green onion and garlic stuffed in a natural casing.[16]
  • Hotteok (호떡) : similar to pancakes, but the syrup is in the filling rather than a condiment. Melted brown sugar, honey, chopped peanuts and cinnamon are common fillings. Vegetables are sometimes added to the batter. Hotteok is usually eaten during cold winter months to "warm up" the body with the sweet and warm syrup in the pancake.
  • Hoppang (호빵)
  • Beondegi (번데기) : is steamed or boiled silkworm pupae which are seasoned and eaten as a snack.
  • Bungeoppang (붕어빵; "carp-bread") is the Korean name for the Japanese fish-shaped pastry Taiyaki that is usually filled with sweet red bean paste and then baked in a fish-shaped mold. It is very chewy on the inside and crispy on the outside. Gukwa-ppang (국화빵) is almost the same as bungeoppang, but it is shaped like a flower. Gyeran-ppang (계란빵, egg bread) has a shape of rounded rectangle and contains whole egg inside of a bread. They are often sold by street vendors. (See also taiyaki.)
  • Gyeranppang (계란빵): a snack food prepared with egg and rice flour.
Jeungpyeon
Songpyeon
  • Tteok (떡): a chewy cake made from either pounded short-grain rice (메떡, metteok), pounded glutinous rice (찰떡, chaltteok), or glutinous rice left whole, without pounding (약식, yaksik). It is served either cold (filled or covered with sweetened mung bean paste, red-bean paste, raisins, a sweetened filling made with sesame seeds, mashed red beans, sweet pumpkin, beans, dates, pine nuts or honey), usually served as dessert or snack. Sometimes cooked with thinly sliced beef, onions, oyster mushrooms, etc. to be served as a light meal.
    • Songpyeon (송편): chewy stuffed tteok (rice cake) served at Chuseok (Mid-Autumn Festival) decorated with pine needle. Honey or another soft sweet material, or red bean is found inside.
    • Yaksik (약식) is a dessert made with glutinous rice, chestnuts, pine nuts, jujubes, and raw sugar and soy sauce and then steamed for seven to eight hours or until the mixture turns a blackish color. some recipes call for topping the cooked mixture with persimmons.
    • Chapssaltteok (찹쌀떡): a variety of tteok filled with sweet bean paste. Similar to Japanese mochi
  • Mandu (만두)

Tea and other drinks

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Main article: List of Korean beverages
Makgeolli

Alcoholic beverages

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Main article: Korean alcoholic drinks

Anju (안주)

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Main article: Anju (food)
Jokbal dish
  • Anju (안주) is a general term for a Korean side dish consumed with alcohol (often with Korean soju). It is commonly served at bars, noraebang (karaoke) establishments, and restaurants that serve alcohol. These side dishes can also be ordered as appetizers or even a main dish. Some examples of anju include steamed squid with gochujang, assorted fruit, dubu kimchi (tofu with kimchi), peanuts, odeng/ohmuk, gimbap (small or large), samgagimbap (triangle-shaped gimbap like the Japanese onigiri), sora (소라 (a kind of shellfish popular in street food tents), and nakji (small octopus, as eaten on screen in the movie Oldboy). Soondae is also a kind of anju, as is samgyeopsal, or dwejigalbi. Most Korean foods may be served as anju, depending on availability and the diner's taste. However, anju are considered different from the banchan side dishes served with a regular Korean meal.
  • Jokbal (족발): pig's feet served with a red salted shrimp sauce called saeujeot.[16]

Royal court dishes (궁중요리)

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Gujeolpan
Main article: Korean royal court cuisine
  • Gujeolpan (구절판): literally "nine-sectioned plate", this elaborate dish consists of a number of different vegetables and meats served with thin pancakes. It is served usually at special occasions such as weddings, and is associated with royalty.
  • Sinseollo (신선로): An elaborate dish of meat and vegetables cooked in a rich broth. It is served in a large silver vessel with a hole in the center, where hot embers are placed to keep the dish hot throughout the meal.

Imported and adapted foods

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Jajangmyeon

Seasonings (jang, 장)

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See also

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References

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  1. ^ a b c d Kim, Violet "Food map: Eat your way around Korea" Archived 8 April 2012 at the Wayback Machine CNN Go. 6 April 2012. Retrieved 12 April 2012
  2. ^ Health Magazine Archived 28 August 2008 at the Wayback Machine
  3. ^ "Bae, Christina. "Kimchi?Korean Fermented Food." University of Bristol". Archived from the original on 6 January 2009. Retrieved 19 May 2017.
  4. ^ "Food in Korea". Asianinfo.com. Retrieved 30 January 2007.
  5. ^ "Kimchi". Tour2korea.com. Archived from the original on 3 December 2006. Retrieved 30 January 2007..
  6. ^ Nan, H. M.; Park, J. W.; Song, Y. J.; Yun, H. Y.; Park, J. S.; Hyun, T.; Youn, S. J.; Kim, Y. D.; Kang, J. W.; Kim, H. (2005). "Kimchi and soybean pastes are risk factors of gastric cancer". World Journal of Gastroenterology. 11 (21): 3175–3181. doi:10.3748/wjg.v11.i21.3175. PMC 4316045. PMID 15929164.
  7. ^ Ahn, Y. O. (1997). "Diet and stomach cancer in Korea". International Journal of Cancer. Suppl 10 (S10): 7–9. doi:10.1002/(sici)1097-0215(1997)10+<7::aid-ijc3>3.0.co;2-c. PMID 9209012. S2CID 43068437.
  8. ^ Allchin, Catherine M. (8 March 2016). "Korean pancakes are salty, savory, sublime". The Seattle Times. Retrieved 5 December 2016.
  9. ^ "부침개" [buchimgae]. Basic Korean dictionar. National Institute of Korean Language. Retrieved 7 December 2016.
  10. ^ "전" [jeon]. Basic Korean Dictionary. National Institute of Korean Language. Retrieved 5 December 2016.
  11. ^ "우거지" (in English and Korean). Daum English Dictionary. Retrieved 11 June 2008.[permanent dead link]
  12. ^ "2TV 저녁 생생정보 장사의신 닭한마리칼국수". 글로벌이코노믹 (in Korean). 12 July 2023. Retrieved 10 June 2024.
  13. ^ "Click Korea: Access to Korean Arts & Culture". Archived from the original on 19 July 2011. Retrieved 22 March 2010.
  14. ^ 오리탕 (in Korean). Doosan Encyclopedia. Archived from the original on 9 December 2012.
  15. ^ "황기, Astragalus membranaceus" (in Korean). Doosan Encyclopedia. Archived from the original on 29 July 2012. Retrieved 11 June 2008.
  16. ^ a b c Jung, Alex (13 November 2011). "5 Korean ways to eat a pig". CNN Go. Archived from the original on 13 November 2011. Retrieved 11 April 2012.
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