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List of Kappa Sigma chapters

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

This list contains the names and schools of all Kappa Sigma chapters and colonies. The fraternity was established at the University of Virginia in 1869.[1]

Undergraduate chapters

[edit]

Active chapters are indicated in bold. Inactive chapters and closed schools are indicated in italic.[1][2][3]

Chapter Chartered/Range Institution City State/Province Status Reference
Zeta December 10, 1869 University of Virginia Charlottesville Virginia Active
Eta Prime February 28, 1873 – 1887; 1892–2002; 2011–2013 Duke University Durham North Carolina Inactive
Mu December 31, 1873 Washington and Lee University Lexington Virginia Active
Xi Prime January 3, 1874 – 1884 Virginia Military Institute Lexington Virginia Inactive [a]
Nu Prime June 17, 1874 Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University Blacksburg Virginia Active [b]
Omikron June 24, 1874 Emory & Henry College Emory Virginia Active [4]
Alpha-Alpha November 28, 1874 – 1876; 1890–1902 University of Maryland, College Park College Park Maryland Inactive
Alpha-Beta 1874 – 1876, 1891 Mercer University Macon Georgia Active
Kappa April 13, 1877 Vanderbilt University Nashville Tennessee Active
Psi Prime February 3, 1880 – 1882 Bethel Academy Warrenton Virginia Inactive [c][b]
Lambda May 11, 1880 University of Tennessee at Knoxville Knoxville Tennessee Active
Gamma Prime August 31, 1880 – 1884 Cumberland College Cumberland Virginia Inactive [d]
Sigma Prime September 1, 1880 – 1881 Virginia Episcopal School Lynchburg Virginia Inactive
Alpha-Chi October 23, 1880 – 1882; 1896–1967; 1990–2005 Lake Forest College Lake Forest Illinois Inactive
Alpha-Iota February 1882 University of Tennessee at Chattanooga Chattanooga Tennessee Active
Phi April 12, 1882 Rhodes College Memphis Tennessee Active
Omega May 6, 1882 – 1970 University of the South Sewanee Tennessee Inactive
Gamma-Phi September 30, 1883 – 1887; 1918–200x ?; 2008–2014 West Virginia University Morgantown West Virginia Inactive
Upsilon November 14, 1883 Hampden–Sydney College Hampden Sydney Virginia Active
Tau September 18, 1884 University of Texas at Austin Austin Texas Active
Rho Prime February 11, 1885 University of North Georgia Dahlonega Georgia Active
Chi March 15, 1885 Purdue University West Lafayette Indiana Active
Epsilon August 29, 1885 Centenary College of Louisiana Shreveport Louisiana Active
Delta Prime October 19, 1885 – 1887 Maryland Military and Naval Academy Oxford Maryland Inactive [e][5]
Psi second January 1, 1886 University of Maine Orono Maine Active
Sigma second May 8, 1886 – 1888 Ohio Northern University Ada Ohio Inactive
Iota October 15, 1886 Southwestern University Georgetown Texas Active
Gamma second February 24, 1887 Louisiana State University Baton Rouge Louisiana Active
Alpha March 26, 1887 Emory University Atlanta Georgia Active
Beta-Theta May 14, 1887 – 1888; 1900–2018; 2023 Indiana University Bloomington Bloomington Indiana Active
Theta Prime October 7, 1887 Cumberland University Lebanon Tennessee Active
Beta Prime February 27, 1888 – 1891 Thatcher Institute Shreveport Louisiana Inactive [f]
Pi July 21, 18881962 Swarthmore College Swarthmore Pennsylvania Inactive
Eta November 14, 1888 Randolph–Macon College Ashland Virginia Active
Sigma (third) January 26, 1889 Tulane University New Orleans Louisiana Active
Nu March 1, 1890 - May 13, 2024 College of William & Mary Williamsburg Virginia Inactive
Chi-Omega April 24, 1890 University of South Carolina Columbia South Carolina Active
Xi second May 29, 1890 University of Arkansas Fayetteville Arkansas Active
Delta November 17, 1890 – 1971, 1988–200x ?–2006 Davidson College Davidson North Carolina Active
Beta second, then Epsilon-Omicron February 16, 1891 – 1894, 1949–1980 Butler University Indianapolis Indiana Inactive
Alpha-Gamma December 12, 1891 University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign Urbana and Champaign Illinois Active
Alpha-Delta January 8, 1892 – 2006, 2009–2020 Pennsylvania State University University Park Pennsylvania Inactive
Alpha-Epsilon January 20, 1892 University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia Pennsylvania Active
Alpha-Zeta February 23, 1892 University of Michigan Ann Arbor Michigan Colony
Alpha-Eta February 23, 1892 George Washington University Washington District of Columbia Active
Alpha-Theta March 5, 1892 – 1908 Union University Jackson Tennessee Inactive
Alpha-Kappa May 23, 1892 Cornell University Ithaca New York Active
Alpha-Lambda February 16, 1893 University of Vermont Burlington Vermont Active
Alpha-Mu June 3, 1893 University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill North Carolina Colony
Alpha-Nu January 27, 1894 Wofford College Spartanburg South Carolina Active
Alpha-Xi May 28, 1894 – 1902 Bethel College Russellville Kentucky Inactive [g][a]
Alpha-Omicron September 7, 1894 – 1901 Transylvania University Lexington Kentucky Inactive
Alpha-Pi February 1, 1895 Wabash College Crawfordsville Indiana Active
Alpha-Rho February 22, 18951965 Bowdoin College Brunswick Maine Inactive [a]
Alpha-Sigma February 22, 1895 – 2000; 20042020 Ohio State University Columbus Ohio Inactive
Alpha-Tau October 5, 1895 Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta Georgia Active
Alpha-Upsilon November 9, 1895 Millsaps College Jackson Mississippi Active
Alpha-Phi December 11, 1896 – 200x ?; 2009–2017 Bucknell University Lewisburg Pennsylvania Inactive
Alpha-Psi February 13, 1897 University of Nebraska–Lincoln Lincoln Nebraska Active
Alpha-Omega May 8, 1897 – 1936 William Jewell College Liberty Missouri Inactive
Beta-Alpha February 22, 1898 – 1969; 1983–1990 Brown University Providence Rhode Island Inactive
Beta-Beta March 5, 1898 University of Richmond Richmond Virginia Active
Beta-Delta May 15, 1898 – 200x ? Washington and Jefferson College Washington Pennsylvania Inactive
Beta-Gamma April 16, 1898 University of Missouri Columbia Missouri Active
Beta-Epsilon June 11, 1898 – 2018 University of Wisconsin–Madison Madison Wisconsin Inactive
Beta-Zeta May 19, 1899 Stanford University Stanford California Active
Beta (third) June 3, 1867 University of Alabama Tuscaloosa Alabama Active
Beta-Eta January 20, 1900 – 2018; 202x ? Auburn University Auburn Alabama Colony
Beta-Iota November 28, 1900 – 2017 Lehigh University Bethlehem Pennsylvania Inactive
Beta-Kappa February 2, 1900 – 1992; 2014 University of New Hampshire Durham New Hampshire Active [h]
Beta-Lambda March 16, 1901 University of Georgia Athens Georgia Active
Beta-Nu April 5, 1901 University of Kentucky Lexington Kentucky Active
Beta-Mu April 6, 1901 University of Minnesota Minneapolis Minnesota Active
Beta-Xi August 24, 1901 – 200x ?; 2013–2018 University of California, Berkeley Berkeley California Inactive
Beta-Pi February 7, 1902 – 2004; 2008–2018 Dickinson College Carlisle Pennsylvania Inactive
Beta-Omicron February 8, 1902 – 2017 University of Denver Denver Colorado Inactive
Beta-Rho September 27, 1902 – 1934; 1969–2003; 2014–2019 University of Iowa Iowa City Iowa Inactive
Beta-Sigma November 22, 1902 Washington University in St. Louis St. Louis Missouri Inactive
Beta-Tau February 2, 1903 Baker University Baldwin City Kansas Active
Beta-Upsilon February 23, 1903 – 2020 North Carolina State University Raleigh North Carolina Inactive
Beta-Phi (first) November 26, 1903 – 1934 Case Western Reserve University Cleveland Ohio Inactive
Beta-Psi December 15, 1903 University of Washington Seattle Washington Active
Beta-Chi December 19, 1903 Missouri University of Science and Technology Rolla Missouri Active
Beta-Omega March 12, 1904 Colorado College Colorado Springs Colorado Active
Gamma-Alpha April 16, 1904 – 2004; 2012 University of Oregon Eugene Oregon Active
Gamma-Beta May 11, 1904 – 1947 University of Chicago Chicago Illinois Inactive
Gamma-Gamma May 21, 1904 Colorado School of Mines Golden Colorado Active
Gamma-Delta June 13, 1904 University of Massachusetts Amherst Amherst Massachusetts Active
Gamma-Zeta April 6, 1905 New York University New York City New York Active
Gamma-Epsilon April 11, 1905 – 1980 Dartmouth College Hanover New Hampshire Inactive
Gamma-Eta June 24, 1905 – 1933; 2014–2017 Harvard University Cambridge Massachusetts Withdrew [i]
Gamma-Theta September 30, 1905 University of Idaho Moscow Idaho Active
Gamma-Iota May 15, 1906 – 1975; 1987–200x ? Syracuse University Syracuse New York Inactive
Gamma-Kappa June 7, 1906 University of Oklahoma Norman Oklahoma Active
Gamma-Lambda January 21, 1901 Iowa State University Ames Iowa Active
Gamma-Mu March 6, 1909 – 202x ? Washington State University Pullman Washington Inactive
Gamma-Nu March 6, 1909 Washburn University Topeka Kansas Active
Gamma-Xi February 15, 1911 Denison University Granville Ohio Active
Gamma-Omicron May 18, 1912 University of Kansas Lawrence Kansas Active
Gamma-Pi September 25, 1914 Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge Massachusetts Active
Gamma-Rho May 29, 1915 University of Arizona Tucson Arizona Active
Gamma-Sigma May 30, 1915 Oregon State University Corvallis Oregon Active
Gamma-Tau June 2, 1916 University of Colorado at Boulder Boulder Colorado Active
Gamma-Upsilon April 29, 1918 Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey New Brunswick New Jersey Active
Gamma-Chi June 7, 1919 Kansas State University Manhattan Kansas Active
Gamma-Psi May 13, 1920 Oklahoma State University Stillwater Oklahoma Active
Gamma-Omega November 18, 1920 – 1941; 1967–1979; 1997–2016 University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh Pennsylvania Inactive
Alpha-Alpha Prime December 21, 1920 – 1941 Johns Hopkins University Baltimore Maryland Inactive
Delta-Alpha April 12, 1921 Carnegie Mellon University Pittsburgh Pennsylvania Active
Delta-Beta May 5, 1921 – 1986 Lafayette College Easton Pennsylvania Inactive
Delta-Gamma September 10, 1921 University of Wyoming Laramie Wyoming Active
Delta-Delta April 28, 1922 University of Florida Gainesville Florida Active
Delta-Epsilon September 26, 1924 – 1987; 199x ?–2008 University of Toronto Toronto Ontario, Canada Inactive
Delta-Zeta January 24, 1925 – 1967; 1981–2007; 2012–2016; 2019 University of New Mexico Albuquerque New Mexico Active
Delta-Eta September 11, 1925 – 1959, 1963 University of Southern California Los Angeles California Active
Delta-Iota March 19, 1926 – 1941 University of South Dakota Vermillion South Dakota Inactive
Delta-Kappa May 14, 1926 – 1975 Ohio Wesleyan University Delaware Ohio Inactive
Delta-Nu September 10, 1926 University of California, Los Angeles Los Angeles California Active
Delta-Mu September 17, 1926 University of North Dakota Grand Forks North Dakota Active
Delta-Lambda September 20, 1926 Montana State University Bozeman Montana Active
Delta-Xi October 8, 1926 University of Mississippi Oxford Mississippi Active
Delta-Omicron May 13, 1927 University of Montana Missoula Montana Colony
Delta-Pi October 20, 1927 Southern Methodist University Dallas Texas Active
Delta-Sigma May 16, 1928 University of Utah Salt Lake City Utah Active
Delta-Rho June 1, 1928 – 20xx ? Franklin & Marshall College Lancaster Pennsylvania Inactive
Delta-Tau March 22, 1929 – 1964; 1979–200x ? Union College Schenectady New York Inactive
Delta-Upsilon September 8, 1933 – 1964; 1986–200x ? Occidental College Los Angeles California Inactive
Delta-Phi March 2, 1935 Hobart and William Smith Colleges Geneva New York Active
Delta-Chi March 6, 1936 Mississippi State University Starkville Mississippi Active
Delta-Psi November 15, 1937 Michigan State University East Lansing Michigan Active
Delta-Omega December 9, 1937November 23, 2013, September 22, 2019 – present Wake Forest University Winston-Salem North Carolina Active [b]
Epsilon-Alpha May 1, 1939 University of Alberta Edmonton Alberta, Canada Active
Epsilon-Beta August 28, 1939 – 1973; 1986–200x ?; 2013–2020 University of Miami Coral Gables Florida Inactive
Epsilon-Gamma April 7, 1941 Louisiana Tech University Ruston Louisiana Active
Epsilon-Delta April 7, 1941 – 2003 Northwestern University Evanston Illinois Inactive
Epsilon-Epsilon April 7, 1941 University of British Columbia Vancouver British Columbia, Canada Active
Epsilon-Zeta April 7, 1942 – 1951; 1982–2017 University of Connecticut Storrs Connecticut Inactive [j]
Epsilon-Eta August 15, 1947 Bowling Green State University Bowling Green Ohio Active
Epsilon-Theta August 30, 1947 University of California, Santa Barbara Santa Barbara California Active
Epsilon-Iota December 9, 1947December 19, 2022 San Diego State University San Diego California Inactive
Epsilon-Kappa December 9, 1947 – 1964 Utah State University Logan Utah Inactive
Epsilon-Lambda February 10, 1948 – 199x ? University of Puget Sound Tacoma Washington Inactive
Epsilon-Mu November 29, 1948 University of Tulsa Tulsa Oklahoma Active
Epsilon-Nu December 11, 1948 University of Southern Mississippi Hattiesburg Mississippi Active
Epsilon-Xi September 12, 1949 – 20xx ?; 202x ? The University of Texas at El Paso El Paso Texas Active
Epsilon-Pi May 28, 1950 University of Memphis Memphis Tennessee Active
Epsilon-Rho June 5, 1950 Kent State University Kent Ohio Active
Beta-Phi March 20, 1951 University of California, Davis Davis California Colony
Epsilon-Sigma June 2, 1951 Florida State University Tallahassee Florida Active
Epsilon-Tau June 9, 1951 California State University, Fresno Fresno California Active
Epsilon-Upsilon October 16, 1952 University of North Texas Denton Texas Active
Epsilon-Phi May 16, 1953 Texas Tech University Lubbock Texas Active
Theta February 19, 1955 Texas Christian University Fort Worth Texas Active
Epsilon-Chi March 17, 1956 –2017 University of Louisiana at Lafayette Lafayette Louisiana Inactive
Epsilon-Psi May 30, 1958 – 2011 Lambuth University Jackson Tennessee Inactive [b][k]
Epsilon-Omega September 15, 1958 Georgia State University Atlanta Georgia Active
Theta-Alpha April 11, 1959 – 1969 Florida Southern College Lakeland Florida Inactive
Theta-Beta May 9, 1959 California State University, Long Beach Long Beach California Active
Theta-Gamma November 21, 1959 Midwestern State University Wichita Falls Texas Active
Theta-Delta February 18, 1961 Willamette University Salem Oregon Active
Theta-Epsilon February 19, 1961 Portland State University Portland Oregon Active
Theta-Zeta November 16, 1962 Eastern New Mexico University Portales New Mexico Active [6]
Theta-Eta June 1, 1963 University of Arkansas at Little Rock Little Rock Arkansas Active
Rho December 14, 1963 Arizona State University Tempe Arizona Active
Theta-Theta February 5, 1965 Western Kentucky University Bowling Green Kentucky Active
Theta-Iota April 24, 1965 San Jose State University San Jose California Active
Theta-Kappa May 9, 1965 Texas A&M University-Kingsville Kingsville Texas Active
Theta-Lambda February 12, 1966 Texas State University San Marcos Texas Active
Theta-Mu March 26, 1966 Northwestern State University Natchitoches Louisiana Colony
Gamma-Beta Prime March 26, 1966 Millikin University Decatur Illinois Inactive
Theta-Nu May 28, 1966 Ashland University Ashland Ohio Active
Theta-Xi November 12, 1966 Trine University Angola Indiana Active
Theta-Omicron November 19, 1966 Muskingum University New Concord Ohio Active
Theta-Pi November 20, 1966 East Carolina University Greenville North Carolina Active
Theta-Rho December 9, 1966 McNeese State University Lake Charles Louisiana Active
Theta-Sigma February 11, 1967 – 1969 Spring Hill College Mobile Alabama Inactive
Theta-Tau March 25, 1967 – 1969; 2017–20xx ? California State University, Los Angeles Los Angeles California Inactive
Theta-Upsilon April 1, 1967 Miami University Oxford Ohio Active
Theta-Phi April 29, 1967 – 20xx ? Wichita State University Wichita Kansas Inactive
Theta-Chi May 6, 1967 University of Louisiana at Monroe Monroe Louisiana Active
Theta-Psi May 13, 1967 Oklahoma City University Oklahoma City Oklahoma Active
Theta-Omega May 20, 1967 The University of Texas at Arlington Arlington Texas Active
Kappa-Alpha June 2, 1967 – 2022 University of Nevada, Las Vegas Paradise Nevada Withdrew [l]
Kappa-Beta January 13, 1968 – 1984 Indiana State University Terre Haute Indiana Inactive
Kappa-Gamma February 16, 1968 Northern Arizona University Flagstaff Arizona Active
Kappa-Delta March 23, 1968 University of South Florida Tampa Florida Active
Kappa-Epsilon June 8, 1968 University of Texas Rio Grande Valley Edinburg Texas Active
Kappa-Zeta October 26, 1968 Georgia Southern University Statesboro Georgia Active
Kappa-Eta November 16, 1968 Widener University Chester Pennsylvania Active
Kappa-Theta December 6, 1968 Indiana University of Pennsylvania Indiana Pennsylvania Active
Kappa-Iota March 8, 1969 – 2022 Middle Tennessee State University Murfreesboro Tennessee Inactive [m]
Kappa-Kappa March 29, 1969 Georgia Southwestern State University Americus Georgia Active
Kappa-Lambda April 26, 1969 Shippensburg University of Pennsylvania Shippensburg Pennsylvania Active
Kappa-Mu May 2, 1969 Tennessee Technological University Cookeville Tennessee Active
Kappa-Nu May 3, 1969 – 2022 University of South Alabama Mobile Alabama Inactive
Kappa-Xi May 17, 1969 – 1978 University of Massachusetts Lowell Lowell Massachusetts Inactive
Kappa-Omicron June 7, 1969 – 2007 LaGrange College LaGrange Georgia Inactive
Kappa-Pi October 10, 1969 – 2016, 2023 University of Central Oklahoma Edmond Oklahoma Active
Kappa-Rho December 5, 1969 Boise State University Boise Idaho Active
Kappa-Tau January 18, 1970 – 1978 Youngstown State University Youngstown Ohio Inactive
Kappa-Upsilon March 6, 1970 Clemson University Clemson South Carolina Active
Kappa-Phi March 14, 1970 – 2019 George Mason University Fairfax Virginia Inactive
Kappa-Chi September 19, 1970 College of Charleston Charleston South Carolina Active
Kappa-Psi September 20, 1970 – 1974 Villanova University Villanova Pennsylvania Inactive
Kappa-Omega November 21, 1970 – xxxx ? University of North Carolina at Charlotte Charlotte North Carolina Inactive ?
Lambda-Alpha December 5, 1970 – 1976 Northern Michigan University Marquette Michigan Inactive
Lambda-Beta March 19, 1971 East Tennessee State University Johnson City Tennessee Colony
Lambda-Gamma March 26, 1971 Jacksonville State University Jacksonville Alabama Active
Lambda-Delta April 2, 1971 University of West Georgia Carrollton Georgia Colony
Lambda-Epsilon April 30, 1971 University of Central Florida Orlando Florida Active
Lambda-Zeta May 14, 1971 – May 14, 2024 Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond Virginia Active [7][8][n]
Lambda-Eta August 25, 1972 – 20xx ? Lamar University Beaumont Texas Inactive
Lambda-Theta September 25, 1972 – 1980 Dallas Baptist University Dallas, Texas Inactive [o]
Lambda-Iota April 27, 1973 Lyon College Batesville Arkansas Active
Lambda-Kappa May 18, 1973 Montana State University, Billings Billings Montana Colony
Lambda-Lambda September 21, 1973 – 2019 Elon University Elon North Carolina Inactive
Lambda-Mu December 14, 1973 – 200x ? Southern New Hampshire University Manchester New Hampshire Inactive
Lambda-Nu February 9, 1974 Appalachian State University Boone North Carolina Active
Lambda-Xi March 29, 1974 Georgia College and State University Milledgeville Georgia Active [b]
Lambda-Omicron May 4, 1974 University of North Alabama Florence Alabama Active
Lambda-Pi January 11, 1975 Delta State University Cleveland Mississippi Active
Lambda-Rho December 14, 1975 – 1982 Nathaniel Hawthorne College Antrim New Hampshire Inactive [b][p]
Lambda-Sigma February 27, 1976 James Madison University Harrisonburg Virginia Active
Lambda-Tau November 13, 1976 Baylor University Waco Texas Active
Lambda-Upsilon March 25, 1977 – 2012 Emporia State University Emporia Kansas Inactive
Lambda-Phi March 11, 19781991; 19962002; 2008 Sam Houston State University Huntsville Texas Inactive
Lambda-Chi April 28, 1979 – 20xx ? College of Idaho Caldwell Idaho Inactive
Lambda-Psi February 16, 1980 St. Mary's University San Antonio Texas Active
Lambda-Omega November 15, 1980 – 20xx ? Lander University Greenwood South Carolina Inactive
Mu-Alpha April 25, 1981 – 200x ?; 2007–20xx ? Colorado State University-Pueblo Pueblo Colorado Inactive
Mu-Beta January 23, 1982 – 20xx ? Huntingdon College Montgomery Alabama Inactive
Mu-Gamma May 8, 1983 Texas A&M University College Station Texas Active
Mu-Delta November 20, 1982 University of California, Irvine Irvine California Active
Mu-Epsilon February 26, 1983 – 2019 Linfield College McMinnville Oregon Inactive
Mu-Zeta March 26, 1983 University of North Carolina Wilmington Wilmington North Carolina Active
Mu-Eta November 5, 1983 University of Louisville Louisville Kentucky Active
Mu-Theta December 3, 1983 – 1990 Davis and Elkins College Elkins West Virginia Inactive
Mu-Iota December 10, 1983 Gallaudet University Washington District of Columbia Active
Mu-Kappa March 3, 1984 – 1997 University at Buffalo, State University of New York Buffalo New York Inactive
Mu-Lambda March 10, 1984 University of Calgary Calgary Alberta, Canada Active
Mu-Xi March 3, 1984 – 200x ? California State University, Fullerton Fullerton California Inactive
Mu-Omicron April 14, 1984 Louisiana State University in Shreveport Shreveport Louisiana Active
Mu-Rho April 28, 1984 Missouri State University Springfield Missouri Active
Mu-Sigma May 4, 1985 – 200x ?; 2012–2020 Towson University Towson Maryland Inactive
Mu-Tau October 19, 1985 – 1985; 2015–202x? Austin Peay State University Clarksville Tennessee Inactive
Mu-Upsilon November 16, 1985 University of Northern Iowa Cedar Falls Iowa Active
Mu-Phi December 8, 1985 – 1987 Yale University New Haven Connecticut Inactive
Mu-Psi November 14, 1987October 27, 2021 Boston University Boston Massachusetts Inactive
Mu-Omega January 14, 1989 – 200x ?, 2008 Southeastern Louisiana University Hammond Louisiana Active
Nu-Alpha May 6, 1989 California Polytechnic State University San Luis Obispo California Active
Nu-Beta November 4, 1989 – 200x ? Northern Illinois University DeKalb Illinois Inactive
Nu-Gamma January 27, 1990 – 202x ? Pratt Institute Brooklyn New York Inactive ?
Nu-Delta May 5, 1990 – 200x ? University of Alabama at Birmingham Birmingham Alabama Inactive
Nu-Epsilon June 2, 1990 – 199x ?; 2000–2020 New Mexico State University Las Cruces New Mexico Inactive
Nu-Zeta February 9, 1991 – 2010 University of Wisconsin-Oshkosh Oshkosh Wisconsin Inactive
Nu-Theta March 2, 1991 Morehead State University Morehead Kentucky Active
Nu-Eta April 6, 1991 – 2010 Hofstra University Hempstead New York Inactive
Nu-Iota April 13, 1991 Rowan University Glassboro New Jersey Active
Nu-Kappa November 16, 1991 University of Central Arkansas Conway Arkansas Active
Nu-Lambda December 8, 1991 California State University, Sacramento Sacramento California Active
Nu-Xi February 14, 1992 – 2002 Alfred University Alfred New York Inactive [a]
Nu-Omicron March 28, 1992 The University of Texas at Dallas Dallas Texas Active
Nu-Rho November 1, 1992 – 200x ? Southeastern Oklahoma State University Durant Oklahoma Inactive
Nu-Sigma December 12, 1992 Radford University Radford Virginia Colony
Nu-Tau March 27, 1993 Stephen F. Austin State University Nacogdoches Texas Active
Nu-Upsilon May 8, 1993 – 2017 Winthrop University Rock Hill South Carolina Inactive
Nu-Phi May 15, 1993 Northeastern State University Tahlequah Oklahoma Active
Nu-Psi April 23, 1994 University of Cincinnati Cincinnati Ohio Active
Nu-Omega April 23, 1994 – 200x ? University of Tampa Tampa Florida Inactive
Xi-Alpha May 14, 1994 – 200x ? Minnesota State University, Mankato Mankato Minnesota Inactive
Xi-Beta March 4, 1995 Northeastern University Boston Massachusetts Active
Xi-Gamma April 1, 1995 – 201x ? State University of New York at New Paltz New Paltz New York Inactive
Xi-Delta April 29, 1995 The University of Texas at San Antonio San Antonio Texas Active
Xi-Epsilon March 30, 1996 Thiel College Greenville Pennsylvania Active
Xi-Zeta July 27, 1996 – 200x ? Northwest Missouri State University Maryville Missouri Inactive
Xi-Eta November 16, 1996 – 20xx ? Christian Brothers University Memphis Tennessee Inactive
Xi-Theta November 16, 1996 – 2018 Valdosta State University Valdosta Georgia Inactive
Xi-Iota November 16, 1996 Columbus State University Columbus Georgia Active
Xi-Kappa December 7, 1996 – 20xx ? Florida International University Miami Florida Inactive
Xi-Lambda March 22, 1997 – 2018 University of Delaware Newark, Delaware Delaware Inactive
Xi-Mu April 18, 1998 – 200x ? West Texas A&M University Canyon Texas Inactive
Xi-Nu March 27, 1999 -200x ?; February 10, 2018 - University of Western Ontario London Ontario, Canada Active [9]
Xi-Xi April 10, 1999 – 2021 Marquette University Milwaukee Wisconsin Inactive
Xi-Omicron May 1, 1999 – 2000 Eastern Michigan University Ypsilanti Michigan Inactive
Xi-Rho February 5, 2000 Stockton University Galloway New Jersey Active
Xi-Sigma August 25, 2001 Western Carolina University Cullowhee North Carolina Active
Xi-Tau April 27, 2002 – 20xx ? John Carroll University University Heights Ohio Inactive
Xi-Upsilon September 28, 2002 Texas A&M University-Commerce Commerce Texas Active
Xi-Phi April 26, 2003 – 20xx ? University of South Carolina Upstate Spartanburg South Carolina Inactive
Xi-Chi April 24, 2004 – 20xx ? University of Northern Colorado Greeley Colorado Inactive
Xi-Psi November 6, 2004 – 20xx ? University of North Florida Jacksonville Florida Inactive
Xi-Omega November 13, 2004 Idaho State University Pocatello Idaho Active
Omicron-Alpha December 10, 2004 – 20xx ? Rochester Institute of Technology Rochester New York Inactive
Omicron-Beta April 9, 2005 – 20xx ? Long Island University C.W. Post Campus Brookville New York Inactive
Omicron-Gamma April 9, 2005 Arkansas Tech University Russellville Arkansas Active
Omicron-Delta April 16, 2005 – 20xx ? Suffolk University Boston Massachusetts Inactive
Omicron-Epsilon September 24, 2005 Adelphi University Garden City New York Active
Omicron-Zeta October 28, 2005 University of Hawaii Honolulu Hawaii Active
Omicron-Eta December 10, 2005 – 2021; April 27, 2024 Nova Southeastern University Davie Florida Active
Omicron-Theta February 25, 2006 Thompson Rivers University Kamloops British Columbia, Canada Active
Omicron-Iota April 1, 2006 – 20xx ? Armstrong State University Savannah Georgia Inactive
Omicron-Kappa April 29, 2006 – 20xx ? Kennesaw State University Kennesaw Georgia Inactive
Omicron-Lambda May 6, 2006 – 20xx ? Southern Polytechnic State University Marietta Georgia Inactive [q]
Omicron-Mu November 18, 2006 – 20xx ? California State University, Bakersfield Bakersfield California Inactive
Omicron-Nu December 2, 2006 – 20xx ? Murray State University Murray Kentucky Inactive
Omicron-Xi December 2, 2006 University of Lethbridge Lethbridge Alberta, Canada Active
Omicron-Omicron December 2, 2006 Kutztown University of Pennsylvania Kutztown Pennsylvania Active
Omicron-Pi March 17, 2007 Carleton University Ottawa Ontario, Canada Active
Omicron-Rho March 31, 2007 University of Michigan, Flint Flint Michigan Active
Omicron-Sigma March 31, 2007 Slippery Rock University of Pennsylvania Slippery Rock Pennsylvania Active
Omicron-Tau April 14, 2007 University of Arkansas at Fort Smith Fort Smith Arkansas Active
Omicron-Upsilon April 28, 2007 – 20xx ? Temple University Philadelphia Pennsylvania Inactive
Omicron-Phi April 14, 2007 Washington College Chestertown Maryland Active
Omicron-Chi April 28, 2007 Nicholls State University Thibodaux Louisiana Active
Omicron-Psi September 15, 2007 – 20xx ? Bloomsburg University of Pennsylvania Bloomsburg Pennsylvania Inactive
Omicron-Omega September 22, 2007 California State University, Stanislaus Turlock California Active
Pi-Alpha December 1, 2007 – 20xx ? Louisiana State University at Alexandria Alexandria Louisiana Inactive
Pi-Beta December 8, 2007 – 20xx ? Loyola Marymount University Los Angeles California Inactive
Pi-Gamma January 26, 2008 – 20xx ? Johnson and Wales University North Miami Campus North Miami Florida Inactive [b]
Pi-Delta February 2, 2008 – 20xx ? University of Virginia's College at Wise Wise Virginia Inactive
Pi-Epsilon February 16, 2008 University of Houston Houston Texas Active
Pi-Zeta March 8, 2008 Johnson and Wales University Charlotte Campus Charlotte North Carolina Active
Pi-Eta May 3, 2008 Missouri Southern State University Joplin Missouri Active
Pi-Theta August 23, 2008 – 20xx ? Coastal Carolina University Conway South Carolina Inactive
Pi-Iota September 6, 2008 California State University, Chico Chico California Active
Pi-Kappa October 4, 2008 Bentley University Waltham Massachusetts Active
Pi-Lambda November 1, 2008 – 20xx ? Penn State Harrisburg Harrisburg Pennsylvania Inactive
Pi-Mu November 16, 2008 – 20xx ? Methodist University Fayetteville North Carolina Inactive
Pi-Nu December 6, 2008 Ramapo College of New Jersey Mahwah New Jersey Active
Pi-Xi December 6, 2008 Colorado State University Fort Collins Colorado Active
Pi-Omicron February 28, 2009 – 20xx ? University of Colorado at Colorado Springs Colorado Springs Colorado Inactive
Pi-Rho April 4, 2009 University of Akron Akron Ohio Active
Pi-Tau April 10, 2009 – 2019, December 9, 2023 – present New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology Socorro New Mexico Active
Pi-Upsilon April 18, 2009 – 20xx ? Academy of Art University San Francisco California Inactive
Pi-Sigma May 9, 2009 Salisbury University Salisbury Maryland Active
Pi-Phi October 30, 2009 Brooklyn College, City University of New York Brooklyn New York Active
Pi-Chi August 29, 2009 – 20xx ? Lake Erie College Painesville Ohio Inactive
Pi-Psi September 26, 2009 University of California, San Diego La Jolla California Active
Pi-Omega November 7, 2009 Sacred Heart University Fairfield Connecticut Active
Rho-Alpha November 7, 2009 – 20xx ? University of Pittsburgh at Bradford Bradford Pennsylvania Inactive
Rho-Beta December 5, 2009 – 20xx ? St. John's University Queens New York Inactive
Rho-Gamma January 23, 2010 – 20xx ? Texas Woman's University Denton Texas Inactive
Rho-Delta February 27, 2010 California State University, Northridge Northridge California Active
Rho-Epsilon March 3, 2010 – 20xx ? University of Alaska, Anchorage Anchorage Alaska Inactive
Rho-Zeta April 1, 2010 Florida Gulf Coast University Fort Myers Florida Active
Rho-Eta April 17, 2010February 16, 2023 High Point University High Point North Carolina Inactive
Rho-Theta April 24, 2010 University of New Orleans New Orleans Louisiana Active
Rho-Iota May 1, 2010 – 20xx ? State University of New York College at Cortland Cortland New York Inactive
Rho-Kappa May 29, 2010 California State University, Monterey Bay Monterey Bay California Active
Rho-Lambda October 2, 2010 – 20xx ? Belmont Abbey College Belmont North Carolina Inactive
Rho-Mu November 13, 2010 Central Washington University Ellensburg Washington Active
Rho-Nu December 4, 2010 – 20xx ? The University of Texas at Tyler Tyler Texas Inactive
Rho-Xi December 4, 2010 Eastern Kentucky University Richmond Kentucky Active
Rho-Omicron February 12, 2011 University of California, Merced Merced California Active
Rho-Pi February 19, 2011 Young Harris College Young Harris Georgia Active
Rho-Rho April 30, 2011 Abraham Baldwin Agricultural College Tifton Georgia Active
Rho-Sigma April 30, 2011 St. John's University Staten Island Campus Staten Island New York Active
Rho-Tau August 13, 2011 Queens College, City University of New York Queens New York Active [b]
Rho-Upsilon August 27, 2011 – 20xx ? University of the Incarnate Word San Antonio Texas Inactive
Rho-Phi November 19, 2011 – 20xx ? Utah Valley University Orem Utah Inactive
Rho-Chi December 3, 2011 University of Mary Washington Fredericksburg Virginia Colony
Rho-Psi January 21, 2012 – 20xx ? Texas A&M University-Corpus Christi Corpus Christi Texas Inactive
Rho-Omega January 28, 2012 Stevens Institute of Technology Hoboken New Jersey Active
Sigma-Alpha March 10, 2012 Trinity College Hartford Connecticut Active
Sigma-Beta March 21, 2012 – 20xx ? Oglethorpe University Atlanta Georgia Inactive
Sigma-Gamma April 28, 2012 Henderson State University Arkadelphia Arkansas Active
Sigma-Delta May 12, 2012 Stony Brook University Stony Brook New York Active
Sigma-Epsilon September 8, 2012 Hunter College, City University of New York New York City New York Active
Sigma-Zeta September 15, 2012 Northwood University Midland Michigan Active
Sigma-Eta November 17, 2012 Central Michigan University Mount Pleasant Michigan Active
Sigma-Theta December 1, 2012 Old Dominion University Norfolk Virginia Active
Sigma-Iota December 8, 2012 St. Norbert College De Pere Wisconsin Active
Sigma-Kappa January 19, 2013 – 20xx ? Grand Valley State University Allendale Michigan Inactive
Sigma-Lambda January 19, 2013 Christopher Newport University Newport News Virginia Active
Sigma-Mu January 26, 2013 Colorado Mesa University Grand Junction Colorado Active
Sigma-Nu February 9, 2013 – 20xx ? Binghamton University Binghamton New York Inactive
Sigma-Xi March 23, 2013 University of West Florida Pensacola Florida Active [10]
Sigma-Omicron March 23, 2013 – 20xx ? Furman University Greenville South Carolina Inactive
Sigma-Pi April 13, 2013 – 20xx ? University at Albany, State University of New York Albany New York Colony
Sigma-Rho April 27, 2013 Southern Illinois University, Edwardsville Edwardsville Illinois Active
Sigma-Sigma May 4, 2013 Minnesota State University Moorhead Moorhead Minnesota Colony
Sigma-Tau May 18, 2013 – 20xx ? Western Oregon University Monmouth Oregon Inactive
Sigma-Upsilon May 18, 2013 University of California, Riverside Riverside California Active [b]
Sigma-Phi January 1, 2014 Campbell University Buies Creek North Carolina Active
Sigma-Psi March 22, 2014 The Catholic University of America Washington District of Columbia Active [b]
Sigma-Omega April 5, 2014 Santa Clara University Santa Clara California Active
Tau-Alpha April 19, 2014 – 20xx ? State University of New York College at Geneseo Geneseo New York Inactive
Tau-Beta April 26, 2014 California State Polytechnic University, Humboldt Arcata California Active
Tau-Gamma April 26, 2014 University of Nevada, Reno Reno Nevada Active
Tau-Delta May 10, 2014 Pace University New York New York Active
Tau-Epsilon October 11, 2014 – 20xx ? Gonzaga University Spokane Washington Inactive
Tau-Zeta November 15, 2014 Arkansas State University Jonesboro Arkansas Active
Tau-Eta November 22, 2014 University of Rhode Island Kingston Rhode Island Active
Tau-Theta January 31, 2015 – 20xx ? West Chester University of Pennsylvania West Chester Pennsylvania Inactive
Tau-Iota March 7, 2015 Farmingdale State College East Farmingdale New York Active
Tau-Kappa March 14, 2015 Indiana University Southeast New Albany Indiana Active
Tau-Lambda March 28, 2015 Johnson and Wales University Providence Campus Providence Rhode Island Colony
Tau-Mu April 18, 2015 Capital University Bexley Ohio Active
Tau-Nu April 25, 2015 Marshall University Huntington West Virginia Active
Tau-Xi May 2, 2015 Bethel University McKenzie Tennessee Active [b]
Tau-Omicron September 12, 2015 California State University, San Marcos San Marcos California Active
Tau-Pi September 19, 2015 San Francisco State University San Francisco California Active
Tau-Rho October 3, 2015 – 20xx ? Ithaca College Ithaca New York Inactive
Tau-Sigma October 24, 2015 Angelo State University San Angelo Texas Active
Tau-Tau December 5, 2015 University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee Milwaukee Wisconsin Active
Tau-Upsilon February 20, 2016 York University Toronto Ontario, Canada Active
Tau-Phi March 12, 2016 Hartwick College Oneonta New York Active
Tau-Chi April 9, 2016April 7, 2022; May 6, 2023 Fairleigh Dickinson University Madison New Jersey Active
Tau-Psi April 23, 2016 State University of New York at Fredonia Fredonia New York Active
Tau-Omega September 17, 2016 Montclair State University Montclair New Jersey Active
Upsilon-Alpha September 17, 2016 Reinhardt University Waleska Georgia Active
Upsilon-Beta September 24, 2016 California State University, San Bernardino San Bernardino California Active
Upsilon-Gamma November 5, 2016 College of Staten Island Staten Island New York Active [b]
Upsilon-Delta November 5, 2016 Eastern Washington University Cheney Washington Active
Upsilon-Epsilon December 3, 2016 Marist College Poughkeepsie New York Active
Upsilon-Eta February 4, 2017 University of Wisconsin-Green Bay Green Bay Wisconsin Active
Upsilon-Kappa April 21, 2018 Monmouth University West Long Branch New Jersey Active
Upsilon-Theta April 22, 2017 Saint Leo University Saint Leo Florida Active
Upsilon-Lambda April 28, 2018 State University of New York College at Oneonta Oneonta New York Active
Upsilon-Mu May 5, 2018 The City College of the City University of New York New York New York Active
Upsilon-Nu September 1, 2018 Eastern Connecticut State University Willimantic Connecticut Active
Upsilon-Iota October 2, 2018 Florida Atlantic University Boca Raton Florida Active [b]
Upsilon-Xi February 9, 2019 Rutgers University–Newark Newark New Jersey Active [b]
Upsilon-Omicron March 23, 2019 University of New Haven West Haven Connecticut Active [b]
Upsilon-Pi April 13, 2019 State University of New York at Oswego Oswego New York Active
Upsilon-Rho May 4, 2019 California State University, Channel Islands Camarillo California Active
Upsilon-Sigma January 2, 2020 University of Massachusetts Boston Boston Massachusetts Active
Upsilon-Tau February 29, 2020 Merrimack College North Andover Massachusetts Active
Upsilon-Upsilon March 13, 2021 Illinois State University Normal Illinois Active
Upsilon-Zeta May 15, 2021 Middle Georgia State University Macon Georgia Active
Upsilon-Phi November 13, 2021 University of Guelph Guelph Ontario, Canada Active
Upsilon-Chi November 13, 2021 Baruch College New York New York Active [b]
Upsilon-Psi August 20, 2022 University of Missouri at Kansas City Kansas City Missouri Active
Upsilon-Omega December 30, 2022 Tarleton State University Stephenville Texas Active
Phi-Alpha February 25, 2023 The College of New Jersey Ewing New Jersey Active
Phi-Beta April 22, 2023 Western New England University Springfield Massachusetts Active
Phi-Gamma April 29, 2023 Cameron University Lawton Oklahoma Active
Phi-Delta September 16, 2023 Penn State Behrend Erie Pennsylvania Active
Chapman University Orange California Colony
Ohio University Athens Ohio Colony
Rhode Island College Providence Rhode Island Colony
Simon Fraser University Burnaby British Columbia, Canada Colony
Southern Utah University Cedar City Utah Colony
University of South Carolina Aiken Aiken South Carolina Colony

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c d Xi prime chapter closed when the college banned fraternities.
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p Chapter is not formally recognized by college.
  3. ^ Bethel Academy closed in 1911.
  4. ^ Cumberland College is closed. Baird's notes this college was situated in Cumberland, Virginia. It is not the school in Lee County. Not to be confused with Cumberland University.
  5. ^ This short-lived school was in operation between 1885 and 1888. The chapter became inactive because of the school's closure.
  6. ^ Chapter inactive because the school closed.
  7. ^ Bethel College closed in 1964.
  8. ^ Beta-Kappa chapter originally formed in 1881 as the Gamma chapter or "Granite chapter" of Q.T.V., an early Latin-named regional fraternity.
  9. ^ Chapter disaffiliated.
  10. ^ Chapter permanently expelled by the university and closed indefinitely by national fraternity.
  11. ^ Lambuth University closed in 2011.
  12. ^ Chapter was under interim suspension pending the outcome of student conduct investigations in December 1, 2021. It voluntarily withdrew in 2022.
  13. ^ Kappa-Iota chapter permanently expelled from the Middle Tennessee State University campus.
  14. ^ The university suspended the chapter for four years (through the end of the spring 2028 semester) for hazing and alcohol violations.
  15. ^ University now only allows local fraternities.
  16. ^ Its name was shortened to Hawthorne College when it merged with the Florida Institute of Technology in the 1980s. The College then closed altogether in 1988.
  17. ^ Chapter merged with Omicron-Kappa when SPSU merged with Kennesaw State University.

Alumni chapters

[edit]

Active chapters are indicated in bold. Inactive chapters are indicated in italic.

Chapter Name City State Status Reference
Alpha-Upsilon Alumni Chapter Jackson Mississippi Active
Atlanta Alumni Chapter of Kappa Sigma (AAC) Atlanta Georgia Active
Beta-Gamma Alumni Association St. Louis Missouri Active
Beta-Lambda Alumni Chapter Atlanta Georgia Active
Birmingham Area Chapter of Kappa Sigma (BACKS) Birmingham Alabama Active
Boston Area Alumni Chapter Windham New Hampshire Active
Central California Alumni Fresno California Active
Central South Carolina Alumni Chapter Chapin South Carolina Active
Chicago Area Alumni Chapter Chicago Illinois Active [11]
Columbus Georgia Alumni Chapter Columbus Georgia Active
Connecticut Alumni Chapter Avon Connecticut Active
Dallas Alumni Chapter Dallas Texas Active
Delta Rho Star & Crescent Alumni Chapter Cincinnati Ohio Active
Delta State's Lambda Pi Alumni Chapter Horn Lake Mississippi Active
Epsilon Upsilon Alumni Chapter Denton Texas Active
Epsilon-Chi Alumni Association Lafayette Louisiana Active
Epsilon-Eta Alumni Association Bowling Green Ohio Active
Epsilon-Nu Alumni Association Jackson Mississippi Active
Gamma-Sigma Alumni Chapter Corvallis Oregon Active
Greater Miami Alumni Chapter Miami Florida Active
Greater Phoenix Alumni Chapter Phoenix Arizona Active [12]
Greater Toronto Alumni Chapter Toronto Ontario Active
Houston Alumni Chapter Katy Texas Active
Kappa Sigma Alumni Association of Central Florida Orlando Florida Active
Kappa-Phi Alumni Chapter Vienna Virginia Active
Kappa-Rho Alumni Association Boise Idaho Active
Lambda-Gamma Alumni Association Jacksonville Alabama Active
Lambda Zeta Alumni Chapter Broadway Virginia Active
Los Angeles County Alumni Chapter Sherman Oaks California Active [13]
Low Country Kappa Sigma Alumni Chapter Charleston South Carolina Active
Memphis Alumni Chapter Memphis Tennessee Active
Mu-Alpha/Colorado Alumni Chapter Centennial Colorado Active
Mu-Beta Alumni Association Montgomery Alabama Active
Nevada Alumni Chapter Henderson Nevada Active
Northeast Kansas Alumni Chapter Topeka Kansas Active
Northwest Louisiana Alumni Chapter Shreveport Louisiana Active
Nu-Epsilon Alumni Chapter Las Cruces New Mexico Active
New York City Alumni Chapter New York City New York Active
Portland Alumni of Kappa Sigma Portland Oregon Active
Rho Prime Alumni Chapter Dahlonega Georgia Active
San Diego Area Alumni Association San Diego California Active
San Francisco Bay Area Alumni Chapter San Francisco California Active
Southeast Virginia Alumni Chapter Portsmouth Virginia Active
Tau Chapter Alumni Association of Kappa Sigma Austin Texas Active
Theta-Rho Alumni Chapter Lake Charles Louisiana Active
Theta-Upsilon Alumni Chapter Cincinnati Ohio Active
Tucson Alumni Chapter Tucson Arizona Active
Xi-Beta Alumni Chapter Boston Massachusetts Active
Xi-Theta Alumni Chapter Stockbridge Georgia Active

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b Baird's Manual of American College Fraternities. G. Banta Company. 1927. pp. 111–115 – via Google Books.
  2. ^ William Raimond Baird; Carroll Lurding (eds.). "Almanac of Fraternities and Sororities (Baird's Manual Online Archive)". Student Life and Culture Archives. University of Illinois: University of Illinois Archives. Retrieved 24 Jan 2023. The main archive URL is The Baird's Manual Online Archive homepage.
  3. ^ "Chapter Listing". Kappa Sigma Fraternity. Retrieved 2023-03-15.
  4. ^ The Omikron chapter Reinstalled In Abingdon, VA - March 17th, 2018 - Kappa Sigma Fraternity
  5. ^ "1870 to 1900: Oxford Blooms Again". HMdb.org, Historical Marker Database. Retrieved 24 January 2023.
  6. ^ "Chapter history |". Theta-Zeta Chapter of Kappa Sigma. Retrieved 2019-03-21.
  7. ^ "Student Organization Conduct Report - Division of Student Affairs". Virginia Commonwealth University. Retrieved 2024-09-17.
  8. ^ Kolenich, Eric (2024-09-16). "VCU fraternity is suspended four years for hazing, alcohol use". The News Virginian. Retrieved 2024-09-17.
  9. ^ Xi Nu chapter reinstalled University Western Ontario February 10th, 2018
  10. ^ "IFC Fraternities |". UWF Fraternity and Sorority Life. Retrieved 2020-08-03.
  11. ^ "Founding Brothers". Chicago Kappa Sigma Alumni Chapter. Retrieved 2023-03-15.
  12. ^ "Kappa Sigma Greater Phoenix Alumni Chapter". Kappa Sigma Greater Phoenix Alumni Chapter. Retrieved 2023-03-15.
  13. ^ "The Kappa Sigma Alumni Chapter of Los Angeles". Kappa Sigma Alumni Chapter, Los Angeles. Retrieved 2023-03-15.