List of IFK Göteborg seasons
Appearance
This is a list of the seasons played by IFK Göteborg from 1904 when the club was founded to the most recent season. IFK Göteborg has spent most of its seasons in the highest Swedish league, Allsvenskan, and has also competed in the Swedish cup competition Svenska Cupen, the early championship deciding cup Svenska Mästerskapet and all major European competitions as well as other leagues and tournaments. This list includes all achievements in those tournaments and competitions as well as the top scorer for each season.
Key
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List of seasons
[edit]Season | League | SM / Play-offs |
Svenska Cupen |
Europe / Other | Top goalscorer[1] | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Division | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | Pts | Pos | Competition | Round | Name | Goals | |||
1904 | —[2] | DNE | — | — | — | — | — | |||||||||
1905 | Göteborgsserien kl. I | 8 | 5 | 0 | 3 | 35 | 15 | +20 | 10 | 2nd | DNE | — | — | — | Unknown | N/A |
1906 | Göteborgsserien kl. I | 8 | 6 | 1 | 1 | 20 | 9 | +11 | 13 | 2nd[3] | DNE | — | — | — | Unknown | N/A |
1907 | Göteborgsserien kl. I | 9 | 5 | 2 | 2 | 22 | 13 | +9 | 12 | 1st | R1 | — | — | — | Unknown | N/A |
1908 | —[4] | W | — | — | — | Unknown | N/A | |||||||||
1909 | —[4] | QF | — | — | — | Erik Börjesson | 5 | |||||||||
1910 | Svenska Serien | 14 | 8 | 2 | 4 | 41 | 32 | +9 | 18 | 3rd | W | — | — | — | Erik Börjesson | 31 |
1911–12 | Svenska Serien | 11 | 4 | 3 | 4 | 28 | 27 | +1 | 11 | 3rd[5] | DNE | — | — | — | Arvid Fagrell | 8 |
1912–13 | Svenska Serien | 10 | 7 | 2 | 1 | 25 | 9 | +16 | 16 | 1st | QF | — | — | — | Erik Börjesson Carl Olsson |
9 |
1913–14 | Svenska Serien | 10 | 8 | 1 | 1 | 37 | 11 | +26 | 17 | 1st | QF | — | — | — | Erik Börjesson | 15 |
1914–15 | Svenska Serien | 8 | 6 | 0 | 2 | 25 | 13 | +12 | 12 | 1st | R1 | — | — | — | Erik Hjelm | 10 |
1915–16 | Svenska Serien | 10 | 6 | 3 | 1 | 27 | 9 | +18 | 15 | 1st | R1 | — | — | — | Erik Börjesson | 10 |
1916–17 | Svenska Serien | 10 | 8 | 0 | 2 | 34 | 8 | +26 | 16 | 1st | SF | — | — | — | Erik Hjelm | 15 |
QF | ||||||||||||||||
1918 | Fyrkantserien | 6 | 5 | 1 | 0 | 21 | 4 | +17 | 11 | 1st | W | — | — | — | Erik Börjesson | 19 |
1919 | Fyrkantserien | 5 | 3 | 0 | 2 | 8 | 6 | +2 | 6 | 1st[6] | R1 | — | — | — | Herbert Karlsson | 4 |
1920–21 | Svenska Serien | 18 | 8 | 4 | 6 | 39 | 21 | +18 | 20 | 5th | SF | — | — | — | Herbert Karlsson | 25 |
1921–22 | —[7] | R1 | — | — | — | None | 0 | |||||||||
1922–23 | Svenska Serien Västra | 10 | 5 | 2 | 3 | 18 | 9 | +9 | 12 | 2nd | R1 | — | — | — | Erik Hjelm | 5 |
1923–24 | Svenska Serien Västra | 10 | 4 | 2 | 4 | 15 | 17 | −2 | 10 | 4th | DSQ[8] | — | — | — | Gunnar Rydberg | 6 |
1924–25 | Allsvenskan | 22 | 16 | 4 | 2 | 87 | 30 | +57 | 36 | 2nd | DNE | — | — | — | Filip Johansson | 39 |
1925–26 | Allsvenskan | 22 | 13 | 7 | 2 | 65 | 27 | +38 | 33 | 3rd | DNE | — | — | — | Filip Johansson | 26 |
1926–27 | Allsvenskan | 22 | 16 | 1 | 5 | 58 | 27 | +31 | 33 | 2nd | — | — | — | — | Filip Johansson | 21 |
1927–28 | Allsvenskan | 22 | 10 | 6 | 6 | 39 | 33 | +6 | 26 | 4th | — | — | — | — | Gunnar Rydberg | 14 |
1928–29 | Allsvenskan | 22 | 14 | 4 | 4 | 56 | 34 | +22 | 32 | 3rd | — | — | — | — | Filip Johansson | 23 |
1929–30 | Allsvenskan | 22 | 12 | 6 | 4 | 67 | 28 | +39 | 30 | 2nd | — | — | — | — | Filip Johansson | 23 |
1930–31 | Allsvenskan | 22 | 13 | 4 | 5 | 45 | 31 | +14 | 30 | 3rd | — | — | — | — | Filip Johansson | 18 |
1931–32 | Allsvenskan | 22 | 11 | 4 | 7 | 47 | 34 | +13 | 26 | 4th | — | — | — | — | Filip Johansson | 10 |
1932–33 | Allsvenskan | 22 | 11 | 3 | 8 | 58 | 42 | +16 | 25 | 3rd | — | — | — | — | Gunnar Rydberg | 10 |
1933–34 | Allsvenskan | 20 | 11 | 3 | 6 | 52 | 38 | +14 | 25 | 3rd | — | — | — | — | Helge Johnsson | 11 |
1934–35 | Allsvenskan | 22 | 15 | 3 | 4 | 48 | 22 | +26 | 33 | 1st | — | — | — | — | Arne Nyberg | 13 |
1935–36 | Allsvenskan | 22 | 9 | 7 | 6 | 36 | 28 | +8 | 25 | 4th | — | — | — | — | Gunnar Forsberg | 13 |
1936–37 | Allsvenskan | 22 | 8 | 5 | 9 | 34 | 41 | −6 | 21 | 7th | — | — | — | — | Gustaf Werner | 7 |
1937–38 | Allsvenskan | 22 | 6 | 4 | 12 | 28 | 35 | −7 | 16 | 11th | — | — | — | — | Arne Nyberg | 9 |
1938–39 | Division 2 Västra | 18 | 13 | 4 | 1 | 48 | 11 | +37 | 30 | 1st | W | — | — | — | Arne Nyberg | 19 |
1939–40 | Allsvenskan | 22 | 15 | 2 | 6 | 49 | 27 | +22 | 32 | 2nd | — | — | — | — | Holger Bengtsson | 11 |
1940–41 | Allsvenskan | 22 | 8 | 6 | 8 | 42 | 36 | +6 | 22 | 6th | — | — | — | — | Leif Larsson | 12 |
1941–42 | Allsvenskan | 22 | 14 | 3 | 5 | 48 | 29 | +19 | 31 | 1st | — | R2 | — | — | Leif Larsson | 20 |
1942–43 | Allsvenskan | 22 | 7 | 10 | 5 | 46 | 40 | +6 | 24 | 8th | — | R1 | — | — | Leif Larsson | 14 |
1943–44 | Allsvenskan | 22 | 12 | 3 | 7 | 69 | 42 | +27 | 27 | 5th | — | DNE | — | — | Leif Larsson | 19 |
1944–45 | Allsvenskan | 22 | 12 | 3 | 7 | 57 | 43 | +14 | 27 | 4th | — | QF | — | — | Holger Bengtsson | 18 |
1945–46 | Allsvenskan | 22 | 12 | 6 | 4 | 48 | 29 | +19 | 30 | 3rd | — | SF | — | — | Gunnar Gren | 16 |
1946–47 | Allsvenskan | 22 | 9 | 6 | 7 | 52 | 48 | +4 | 24 | 5th | — | R2 | — | — | Gunnar Gren | 18 |
1947–48 | Allsvenskan | 22 | 9 | 4 | 9 | 40 | 33 | +7 | 22 | 5th | — | DNE | — | — | Gunnar Gren | 8 |
1948–49 | Allsvenskan | 22 | 9 | 5 | 8 | 36 | 33 | +3 | 23 | 6th | — | DNE | — | — | Holger Bengtsson Lennart Johansson |
9 |
1949–50 | Allsvenskan | 22 | 5 | 5 | 12 | 33 | 49 | −16 | 15 | 11th | — | DNE | — | — | Dan Ekner | 12 |
1950–51 | Division 2 Sydvästra | 18 | 12 | 2 | 4 | 47 | 26 | +21 | 26 | 1st | — | R2 | — | — | Tryggve Grankvist | 16 |
1951–52 | Allsvenskan | 22 | 10 | 5 | 7 | 46 | 37 | +9 | 25 | 4th | — | QF | — | — | Reino Börjesson | 13 |
1952–53 | Allsvenskan | 22 | 9 | 2 | 11 | 32 | 54 | −22 | 20 | 9th | — | — | — | — | Sven Sjöblom | 5 |
1953–54 | Allsvenskan | 22 | 7 | 8 | 7 | 23 | 26 | −3 | 22 | 8th | — | R2 | — | — | Lars Jangblad | 8 |
1954–55 | Allsvenskan | 22 | 7 | 6 | 9 | 32 | 35 | −3 | 20 | 9th | — | — | — | — | Åke Norén | 13 |
1955–56 | Allsvenskan | 22 | 10 | 3 | 9 | 30 | 35 | −5 | 23 | 6th | — | — | Bertil Johansson | 12 | ||
1956–57 | Allsvenskan | 22 | 8 | 3 | 11 | 39 | 41 | −2 | 19 | 9th | — | — | Harris Mattiasson | 10 | ||
1957–58 | Allsvenskan | 33 | 22 | 3 | 8 | 92 | 49 | +43 | 47 | 1st | — | — | European Cup | R1 | Bertil Johansson | 29 |
1959 | Allsvenskan | 22 | 14 | 3 | 5 | 56 | 28 | +28 | 31 | 3rd | — | — | European Cup | R1 | Owe Ohlsson | 21 |
1960 | Allsvenskan | 22 | 7 | 6 | 9 | 46 | 49 | −3 | 20 | 8th | — | — | Bertil Johansson | 17 | ||
1961 | Allsvenskan | 22 | 11 | 4 | 7 | 62 | 47 | +15 | 26 | 3rd | — | — | European Cup | PR | Bertil Johansson | 20 |
1962 | Allsvenskan | 22 | 10 | 4 | 8 | 46 | 32 | +14 | 24 | 3rd | — | — | Bertil Johansson | 18 | ||
1963 | Allsvenskan | 22 | 11 | 4 | 7 | 52 | 31 | +21 | 26 | 5th | — | — | Bertil Johansson | 13 | ||
1964 | Allsvenskan | 22 | 8 | 2 | 12 | 31 | 46 | −15 | 18 | 9th | — | — | Bertil Johansson | 10 | ||
1965 | Allsvenskan | 22 | 9 | 7 | 6 | 31 | 35 | −4 | 25 | 5th | — | — | Krister Granblom | 8 | ||
1966 | Allsvenskan | 22 | 12 | 5 | 5 | 44 | 33 | +10 | 29 | 4th | — | — | Håkan Eklund Bertil Johansson |
8 | ||
1967 | Allsvenskan | 22 | 8 | 5 | 9 | 41 | 37 | +4 | 21 | 9th | — | R3 | Leif Claesson | 8 | ||
1968 | Allsvenskan | 22 | 5 | 8 | 9 | 30 | 42 | −12 | 18 | 9th | — | DNE | Håkan Eklund | 11 | ||
1969 | Allsvenskan | 22 | 13 | 5 | 4 | 38 | 19 | +19 | 31 | 1st | — | R4 | Reine Almqvist | 16 | ||
1970 | Allsvenskan | 22 | 6 | 5 | 11 | 28 | 36 | −8 | 17 | 11th | — | GS | European Cup | R1 | Reine Almqvist | 9 |
1971 | Division 2 Norra Götaland | 22 | 12 | 2 | 8 | 42 | 30 | +12 | 26 | 3rd | — | DNE | Dan Östlund | 12 | ||
1972 | Division 2 Södra | 22 | 14 | 4 | 4 | 41 | 22 | +19 | 32 | 2nd | — | DNQ | Dan Östlund | 8 | ||
1973 | Division 2 Södra | 26 | 13 | 5 | 8 | 40 | 32 | +8 | 31 | 4th | — | DNQ | Björn Ericsson | 8 | ||
1974 | Division 2 Södra | 26 | 10 | 8 | 8 | 50 | 42 | +8 | 28 | 5th | — | DNQ | Per-Erik Eriksson | 19 | ||
1975 | Division 2 Södra | 26 | 20 | 3 | 3 | 72 | 18 | +54 | 43 | 2nd | — | QF | Torbjörn Nilsson | 15 | ||
1976 | Division 2 Södra | 26 | 20 | 4 | 2 | 68 | 28 | +40 | 44 | 1st | — | QF | Torbjörn Nilsson | 23 | ||
1977 | Allsvenskan | 26 | 9 | 9 | 8 | 48 | 49 | −1 | 27 | 6th | — | R6 | Reine Almqvist | 17 | ||
1978 | Allsvenskan | 26 | 13 | 5 | 8 | 39 | 29 | +10 | 31 | 3rd | — | W | Torbjörn Nilsson | 15 | ||
1979 | Allsvenskan | 26 | 13 | 9 | 4 | 44 | 24 | +20 | 35 | 2nd | — | QF | Cup Winners' Cup | QF | Torbjörn Nilsson | 17 |
1980 | Allsvenskan | 26 | 12 | 10 | 4 | 45 | 26 | +19 | 34 | 3rd | — | R6 | UEFA Cup | R1 | Torbjörn Nilsson | 19 |
1981 | Allsvenskan | 26 | 15 | 6 | 5 | 40 | 30 | +10 | 36 | 2nd | — | W | UEFA Cup | W | Torbjörn Nilsson | 31 |
1982 | Allsvenskan | 22 | 11 | 7 | 4 | 45 | 22 | +23 | 29 | 1st | W | W | Cup Winners' Cup | R1 | Dan Corneliusson | 30 |
1983 | Allsvenskan | 22 | 11 | 5 | 6 | 35 | 19 | +16 | 27 | 3rd | W | QF | European Cup | R1 | Dan Corneliusson | 12 |
1984 | Allsvenskan | 22 | 14 | 4 | 4 | 43 | 19 | +24 | 32 | 1st | W | QF | European Cup | QF | Torbjörn Nilsson | 22 |
1985 | Allsvenskan | 22 | 9 | 8 | 5 | 39 | 25 | +14 | 26 | 4th | RU | RU | European Cup | SF | Torbjörn Nilsson | 16 |
1986 | Allsvenskan | 22 | 13 | 5 | 4 | 44 | 17 | +27 | 31 | 2nd | SF | R7 | UEFA Cup | W | Johnny Ekström | 23 |
1987 | Allsvenskan | 22 | 9 | 8 | 5 | 39 | 24 | +15 | 26 | 3rd | W | R5 | UEFA Cup | R1 | Stefan Pettersson | 16 |
1988 | Allsvenskan | 22 | 13 | 5 | 4 | 37 | 18 | +19 | 31 | 2nd | SF | SF | European Cup | QF | Dan Fröberg | 7 |
1989 | Allsvenskan | 22 | 9 | 4 | 9 | 34 | 29 | +5 | 22 | 7th | SF | UEFA Cup | R1 | Kennet Andersson Klas Ingesson |
10 | |
1990 | Allsvenskan | 22 | 14 | 3 | 5 | 39 | 22 | +17 | 45 | 1st | W | R4 | Kaj Eskelinen | 13 | ||
1991 | Allsvenskan | 18 | 9 | 6 | 3 | 29 | 14 | +15 | 33 | 1st | — | W | European Cup | R2 | Kennet Andersson | 13 |
Mästerskapsserien | 10 | 6 | 1 | 3 | 14 | 10 | +4 | 36 | 1st | |||||||
1992 | Allsvenskan | 18 | 7 | 2 | 9 | 25 | 24 | +1 | 23 | 6th | — | R3 | Champions League | GS | Johnny Ekström | 15 |
Mästerskapsserien | 10 | 4 | 1 | 5 | 17 | 17 | 0 | 25 | 5th | |||||||
1993 | Allsvenskan | 26 | 18 | 5 | 3 | 48 | 17 | +31 | 59 | 1st | — | R4 | Magnus Erlingmark Mikael Martinsson |
12 | ||
1994 | Allsvenskan | 26 | 16 | 6 | 4 | 54 | 28 | +26 | 54 | 1st | — | SF | Champions League | QF | Mikael Martinsson | 14 |
1995 | Allsvenskan | 26 | 12 | 10 | 4 | 43 | 20 | +23 | 46 | 1st | — | R4 | Champions League | QR | Mats Lilienberg | 12 |
1996 | Allsvenskan | 26 | 17 | 5 | 4 | 61 | 23 | +38 | 56 | 1st | — | R5 | Champions League | GS | Andreas Andersson | 25 |
1997 | Allsvenskan | 26 | 14 | 7 | 5 | 50 | 32 | +18 | 49 | 2nd | — | QF | Champions League | GS | Andreas Andersson | 14 |
1998 | Allsvenskan | 26 | 9 | 8 | 9 | 27 | 29 | −2 | 35 | 8th | — | RU | UEFA Cup | QR2 | Andreas Hermansson | 13 |
1999 | Allsvenskan | 26 | 11 | 5 | 10 | 27 | 33 | −4 | 38 | 6th | — | SF | UEFA Cup | R2 | Patric Andersson | 11 |
2000 | Allsvenskan | 26 | 12 | 8 | 6 | 46 | 33 | +13 | 44 | 4th | — | QF | Gustaf Andersson | 19 | ||
2001 | Allsvenskan | 26 | 12 | 8 | 6 | 41 | 31 | +20 | 44 | 4th | — | — | Sebastian Henriksson | 9 | ||
2002 | Allsvenskan | 26 | 8 | 4 | 14 | 25 | 39 | −14 | 28 | 12th | W | QF | UEFA Cup | QR | Tomas Rosenkvist | 11 |
2003 | Allsvenskan | 26 | 10 | 7 | 9 | 37 | 38 | +9 | 37 | 7th | — | QF | Patric Andersson | 8 | ||
2004 | Allsvenskan | 26 | 14 | 5 | 7 | 33 | 20 | +13 | 47 | 3rd | — | RU | Royal League | RU | Peter Ijeh | 15 |
2005 | Allsvenskan | 26 | 14 | 7 | 5 | 38 | 22 | +16 | 49 | 2nd | — | R4 | UEFA Intertoto Cup | R3 | Stefan Selaković | 18 |
Royal League | QF | |||||||||||||||
2006 | Allsvenskan | 26 | 9 | 9 | 8 | 39 | 36 | +3 | 36 | 8th | — | R3 | UEFA Cup | QR1 | Marcus Berg Stefan Selaković Pontus Wernbloom |
6 |
2007 | Allsvenskan | 26 | 14 | 7 | 5 | 45 | 23 | +22 | 49 | 1st | — | RU | Marcus Berg | 18 | ||
2008 | Allsvenskan | 30 | 15 | 9 | 6 | 50 | 26 | +24 | 54 | 3rd | — | W | Champions League | QR2 | Pontus Wernbloom | 13 |
Svenska Supercupen | W | |||||||||||||||
2009 | Allsvenskan | 30 | 17 | 6 | 7 | 53 | 24 | +29 | 57 | 2nd | — | RU | Europa League | QR3 | Tobias Hysén | 22 |
Svenska Supercupen | RU | |||||||||||||||
2010 | Allsvenskan | 30 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 42 | 29 | +13 | 40 | 7th | — | R4 | Europa League | QR3 | Tobias Hysén | 11 |
Svenska Supercupen | RU | |||||||||||||||
2011 | Allsvenskan | 30 | 13 | 6 | 11 | 42 | 34 | +8 | 45 | 7th | — | SF | Tobias Hysén | 18 | ||
2012 | Allsvenskan | 30 | 9 | 12 | 9 | 36 | 41 | −5 | 39 | 7th | — | W | Hannes Stiller | 7 | ||
2013 | Allsvenskan | 30 | 16 | 6 | 8 | 49 | 31 | +18 | 54 | 3rd | — | QF | Europa League | QR2 | Tobias Hysén | 22 |
Svenska Supercupen | RU | |||||||||||||||
2014 | Allsvenskan | 30 | 15 | 11 | 4 | 58 | 34 | +24 | 56 | 2nd | — | W | Europa League | QR3 | Lasse Vibe | 29 |
2015 | Allsvenskan | 30 | 18 | 9 | 3 | 52 | 22 | +30 | 63 | 2nd | — | GS | Europa League | QR3 | Lasse Vibe | 13 |
Svenska Supercupen | RU | |||||||||||||||
2016 | Allsvenskan | 30 | 14 | 8 | 8 | 56 | 47 | +9 | 50 | 4th | — | QF | Europa League | PO | Tobias Hysén | 14 |
2017 | Allsvenskan | 30 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 42 | 40 | +2 | 37 | 10th | — | QF | Mikael Boman | 11 | ||
2018 | Allsvenskan | 30 | 9 | 4 | 17 | 38 | 53 | −15 | 31 | 11th | — | GS | Giorgi Kharaishvili Elías Már Ómarsson |
9 | ||
2019 | Allsvenskan | 30 | 13 | 9 | 8 | 46 | 31 | +15 | 48 | 7th | — | W | Robin Söder | 14 | ||
2020 | Allsvenskan | 30 | 7 | 13 | 10 | 35 | 41 | −6 | 34 | 12th | — | GS | Europa League | QR2 | Patrik Karlsson Lagemyr Tobias Sana |
6 |
2021 | Allsvenskan | 30 | 11 | 8 | 11 | 42 | 39 | +3 | 41 | 8th | — | QF | Marcus Berg | 10 | ||
2022 | Allsvenskan | 30 | 14 | 3 | 13 | 42 | 39 | +3 | 45 | 8th | — | GS | Marcus Berg | 14 | ||
2023 | Allsvenskan | 30 | 8 | 10 | 12 | 33 | 37 | −4 | 34 | 13th | — | GS | Marcus Berg | 7 | ||
2024 | Allsvenskan | 30 | 7 | 10 | 13 | 33 | 43 | −10 | 31 | 13th | — | TBD | Paulos Abraham | 7 |
Notes
[edit]- ^ Goals in all competitions (League, Svenska Mästerskapet, play-offs, Svenska Cupen, Svenska Supercupen, European tournaments and those listed under other) are counted. The Swedish football competitions have from time to time been out of phase with each other (Svenska Serien and Svenska Mästerskapet from 1911–12 to 1916–17 and 1920–21 to 1925–26 as well as Allsvenskan/Division 2 and Svenska Cupen from 1968 to 2001 and 2012 to present) or with the European competitions (from 1959 to present). The top goalscorer is given as the player who scored most goals in the span of the given league season, which may include only parts of seasons of other competitions.
- ^ The club only played friendlies during the three months after its creation in October 1904 and did not start league play until 1905.
- ^ The club tied on points with Örgryte IS in the league, but lost the subsequent tie-breaking game and thus ended second.
- ^ a b The club refused to take part in the local league play during 1908 and 1909 because of a 1907 attempt by the district association to disqualify the club which was eventually stopped by the Swedish Football Association.
- ^ The league was abandoned due to trouble finding days to play the remaining matches as the national team prepared for the 1912 Olympic football tournament by playing test matches, however the incomplete table is considered the final table.
- ^ The league was abandoned due to economic troubles and the Spanish flu, however the incomplete table is considered the final table.
- ^ There were no league competitions for the 1921–22 season as the clubs awaited the Swedish Football Association investigation on how to structure the league system.
- ^ The club withdrew from the tournament when their request to change matchday was denied by the Swedish Football Association.
References
[edit]All sources in (in Swedish) unless otherwise noted.
- Books
- Alsiö, Martin; Frantz, Alf; Lindahl, Jimmy; et al., eds. (2004). 100 år: Svenska fotbollförbundets jubileumsbok 1904–2004, del 2: statistiken. Vällingby: Stroemberg Media Group. ISBN 91-86184-59-8.
- Jönsson, Ingemar; Josephson, Åke, eds. (2004). IFK Göteborg 1904–2004: en hundraårig blåvit historia genom elva epoker. Göteborg: IFK Göteborg. ISBN 91-631-4659-2.
- Online
- Jörnvik, Ulf. "2004-2010". IFK Göteborg. Retrieved 2011-12-18.
- "Matcher i Svenska cupen genom tiderna". bolletinen.se. Sveriges Fotbollshistoriker och Statistiker. Retrieved 2011-12-18.