List of 2008 Summer Olympics medal winners
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Michael_Phelps_Ryan_Lochte_Laszlo_Cseh_medals_2008_Olympics.jpg/300px-Michael_Phelps_Ryan_Lochte_Laszlo_Cseh_medals_2008_Olympics.jpg)
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2008 Summer Olympics |
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The 2008 Summer Olympics were held in Beijing, People's Republic of China, from 8 August to 24 August 2008.[Note 1] A total of 10,942 athletes from 204 National Olympic Committees (NOC) participated. Overall, 302 events in 28 sports were held; 165 events were opened to men, 127 were opened to women and 10 were mixed events.[1] In total there was one more event than in the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens, Greece.[2]
Nine new events were held, including two from the new cycling discipline of BMX. Women competed in the 3000 metre steeplechase for the first time. Marathon open water swimming events for men and women, over the distance of 10 kilometres, were added to the swimming discipline. Team events (men and women) in table tennis replaced the doubles events.[3] In fencing, women's team foil and women's team sabre replaced men's team foil and women's team épée.[Note 2] Two sports were open only to men, baseball and boxing, while one sport and one discipline were open only to women, softball and synchronized swimming. Equestrian is the only sport in which men and women compete together in the same events.[4][5] Baseball and softball may have made their last appearances in Olympics history during these Games, as the International Olympic Committee voted to remove them from the programme of the 2012 Olympics.[6] A total of 958 medals for events (302 gold, 303 silver and 353 bronze) were awarded. In boxing, judo, taekwondo and wrestling, two bronze medals are awarded in each weight class.[7] Therefore, the total number of bronze medals is greater than the total number of gold or silver medals. Additionally there were ties for a silver medal and two bronze medals.[8][9]
A total of 1,881 individual athletes won medals. Chinese athletes won the most gold medals with 48 (100 total), and the United States won the most total medals with 112 (including 36 gold).[10] Athletes from 87 countries won medals, while 55 nations won at least one gold medal, both setting new records for Olympic Games.[11] Athletes from Afghanistan (Rohullah Nikpai – Taekwondo, men's 58 kg),[12] Mauritius (Bruno Julie – boxing, bantamweight),[13] Sudan (Ismail Ahmed Ismail – athletics, men's 800 m),[14] Tajikistan (Rasul Boqiev – judo, men's 73 kg),[15] and Togo (Benjamin Boukpeti – canoeing, men's K-1 slalom)[16] won their NOCs' first Olympic medal. Athletes from Mongolia (Naidangiin Tüvshinbayar – judo, men's 100 kg),[17] and Panama (Irving Saladino – athletics, men's long jump)[18] won their nations' first gold medal.
American swimmer Michael Phelps was the most successful athlete, winning eight gold medals and setting a new record for most golds won in a single edition of the Olympics (the previous record, seven, had been set in 1972 by Mark Spitz).[19] Phelps also set a new record for most career gold medals (14), and his 16 total medals were ranked second all-time behind Soviet gymnast Larisa Latynina (18) at the time. In 2012 Phelps set a record for most total medals.[20] Several records for career medals in a sport were tied or surpassed, including cycling (Bradley Wiggins of the United Kingdom won two gold, tied for record with six career medals); judo (Ryoko Tani of Japan won a bronze, five career medals); softball (Laura Berg of the United States won a gold and Natalie Ward, Melanie Roche and Tanya Harding of Australia won a bronze; all have four career medals); swimming (Michael Phelps, 16 career medals); taekwondo (Steven López of the United States won a bronze and Hadi Saei of Iran won a gold, both three career medals); and table tennis (Wang Nan of China won a gold and silver medal, five career medals).[20]
2008 Olympics has the most medals stripped for doping violations (50). The leading country is Russia with 14 medals stripped.
Contents | ||
Statistics References |
Archery
[edit]Event | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
---|---|---|---|
Men's individual |
Viktor Ruban![]() |
Park Kyung-Mo![]() |
Bair Badënov![]() |
Women's individual |
Zhang Juanjuan![]() |
Park Sung-hyun![]() |
Yun Ok-hee![]() |
Men's team |
![]() Im Dong-Hyun Lee Chang-hwan Park Kyung-Mo |
![]() Ilario Di Buò Marco Galiazzo Mauro Nespoli |
![]() Jiang Lin Li Wenquan Xue Haifeng |
Women's team |
![]() Joo Hyun-Jung Park Sung-hyun Yun Ok-hee |
![]() Chen Ling Guo Dan Zhang Juanjuan |
![]() Virginie Arnold Sophie Dodemont Bérengère Schuh |
Athletics
[edit]Badminton
[edit]Event | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
---|---|---|---|
Men's singles |
Lin Dan![]() |
Lee Chong Wei![]() |
Chen Jin![]() |
Women's singles |
Zhang Ning![]() |
Xie Xingfang![]() |
Maria Kristin Yulianti![]() |
Men's doubles |
![]() Markis Kido Hendra Setiawan |
![]() Cai Yun Fu Haifeng |
![]() Hwang Ji-man Lee Jae-jin |
Women's doubles |
![]() Du Jing Yu Yang |
![]() Lee Hyo-jung Lee Kyung-won |
![]() Wei Yili Zhang Yawen |
Mixed doubles |
![]() Lee Yong-dae Lee Hyo-jung |
![]() Nova Widianto Liliyana Natsir |
![]() He Hanbin Yu Yang |
Baseball
[edit]Basketball
[edit]Boxing
[edit]Canoeing
[edit]Flatwater
[edit]Slalom
[edit]Event | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
---|---|---|---|
Men's slalom C-1 |
Michal Martikán![]() |
David Florence![]() |
Robin Bell![]() |
Men's slalom C-2 |
![]() Peter Hochschorner Pavol Hochschorner |
![]() Jaroslav Volf Ondřej Štěpánek |
![]() Mikhail Kuznetsov Dmitry Larionov |
Men's slalom K-1 |
Alexander Grimm![]() |
Fabien Lefèvre![]() |
Benjamin Boukpeti![]() |
Women's slalom K-1 |
Elena Kaliská![]() |
Jacqueline Lawrence![]() |
Violetta Oblinger-Peters![]() |
Cycling
[edit]Road
[edit]Event | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
---|---|---|---|
Men's road race |
Samuel Sánchez![]() |
Fabian Cancellara [G]![]() |
Alexandr Kolobnev [G]![]() |
Men's time trial |
Fabian Cancellara![]() |
Gustav Larsson![]() |
Levi Leipheimer![]() |
Women's road race |
Nicole Cooke![]() |
Emma Johansson![]() |
Tatiana Guderzo![]() |
Women's time trial |
Kristin Armstrong![]() |
Emma Pooley![]() |
Karin Thürig![]() |
Track
[edit]Mountain bike
[edit]Event | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
---|---|---|---|
Men's cross-country |
Julien Absalon![]() |
Jean-Christophe Péraud![]() |
Nino Schurter![]() |
Women's cross-country |
Sabine Spitz![]() |
Maja Włoszczowska![]() |
Irina Kalentieva![]() |
BMX
[edit]Event | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
---|---|---|---|
Men's BMX |
Māris Štrombergs![]() |
Mike Day![]() |
Donny Robinson![]() |
Women's BMX |
Anne-Caroline Chausson![]() |
Laëtitia Le Corguillé![]() |
Jill Kintner![]() |
Diving
[edit]Event | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
---|---|---|---|
Men's 3 m springboard |
He Chong![]() |
Alexandre Despatie![]() |
Qin Kai![]() |
Women's 3 m springboard |
Guo Jingjing![]() |
Yuliya Pakhalina![]() |
Wu Minxia![]() |
Men's 10 m platform |
Matthew Mitcham![]() |
Zhou Lüxin![]() |
Gleb Galperin![]() |
Women's 10 m platform |
Chen Ruolin![]() |
Émilie Heymans![]() |
Wang Xin![]() |
Men's synchronized 3 m springboard |
![]() Qin Kai Wang Feng |
![]() Dmitri Sautin Yuriy Kunakov |
![]() Illya Kvasha Oleksiy Prygorov |
Women's synchronized 3 m springboard |
![]() Guo Jingjing Wu Minxia |
![]() Yuliya Pakhalina Anastasia Pozdniakova |
![]() Ditte Kotzian Heike Fischer |
Men's synchronized 10 m platform |
![]() Lin Yue Huo Liang |
![]() Patrick Hausding Sascha Klein |
![]() Gleb Galperin Dmitriy Dobroskok |
Women's synchronized 10 m platform |
![]() Wang Xin Chen Ruolin |
![]() Briony Cole Melissa Wu |
![]() Paola Espinosa Tatiana Ortiz |
Equestrian
[edit]Fencing
[edit]Field hockey
[edit]Football
[edit]Gymnastics
[edit]Artistic
[edit]Rhythmic
[edit]Event | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
---|---|---|---|
individual all-around |
Yevgeniya Kanayeva![]() |
Inna Zhukova![]() |
Anna Bessonova![]() |
team all-around |
![]() Margarita Aliychuk Anna Gavrilenko Tatiana Gorbunova Yelena Posevina Daria Shkurikhina Natalia Zuyeva |
![]() Cai Tongtong Chou Tao Lü Yuanyang Sui Jian-Shuang Sun Dan Zhang Shuo |
![]() Olesya Babushkina Anastasia Ivankova Ksenia Sankovich Zinaida Lunina Glafira Martinovich Alina Tumilovich |
Trampoline
[edit]Event | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
---|---|---|---|
Men's |
Lu Chunlong![]() |
Jason Burnett![]() |
Dong Dong![]() |
Women's |
He Wenna![]() |
Karen Cockburn![]() |
Ekaterina Khilko![]() |
Handball
[edit]Judo
[edit]Modern pentathlon
[edit]Event | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
---|---|---|---|
Men's |
Andrey Moiseyev![]() |
Edvinas Krungolcas![]() |
Andrejus Zadneprovskis![]() |
Women's |
Lena Schöneborn![]() |
Heather Fell![]() |
Not Awarded |
Rowing
[edit]Sailing
[edit]Shooting
[edit]Softball
[edit]Swimming
[edit]Synchronized swimming
[edit]Table tennis
[edit]Event | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
---|---|---|---|
Men's singles |
Ma Lin![]() |
Wang Hao![]() |
Wang Liqin![]() |
Women's singles |
Zhang Yining![]() |
Wang Nan![]() |
Guo Yue![]() |
Men's team |
![]() Ma Lin Wang Hao Wang Liqin |
![]() Timo Boll Dimitrij Ovtcharov Christian Süß |
![]() Oh Sang-Eun Ryu Seung-Min Yoon Jae-Young |
Women's team |
![]() Guo Yue Wang Nan Zhang Yining |
![]() Feng Tianwei Li Jiawei Wang Yuegu |
![]() Dang Ye-Seo Kim Kyung-Ah Park Mi-Young |
Taekwondo
[edit]Event | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
---|---|---|---|
Men's 58 kg |
Guillermo Pérez![]() |
Gabriel Mercedes![]() |
Chu Mu-yen![]() |
Rohullah Nikpai![]() | |||
Men's 68 kg |
Son Tae-Jin![]() |
Mark López![]() |
Servet Tazegül![]() |
Sung Yu-Chi![]() | |||
Men's 80 kg |
Hadi Saei![]() |
Mauro Sarmiento![]() |
Zhu Guo![]() |
Steven López![]() | |||
Men's +80 kg |
Cha Dong-Min![]() |
Alexandros Nikolaidis![]() |
Chika Chukwumerije![]() |
Arman Chilmanov![]() | |||
Women's 49 kg |
Wu Jingyu![]() |
Buttree Puedpong![]() |
Daynellis Montejo![]() |
Dalia Contreras![]() | |||
Women's 57 kg |
Lim Su-Jeong![]() |
Azize Tanrıkulu![]() |
Diana López![]() |
Martina Zubčić![]() | |||
Women's 67 kg |
Hwang Kyung-Seon![]() |
Karine Sergerie![]() |
Gwladys Épangue![]() |
Sandra Šarić![]() | |||
Women's +67 kg |
María del Rosario Espinoza![]() |
Nina Solheim![]() |
Sarah Stevenson![]() |
Natália Falavigna![]() |
Tennis
[edit]Event | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
---|---|---|---|
Men's singles |
Rafael Nadal![]() |
Fernando González![]() |
Novak Djokovic![]() |
Women's singles |
Elena Dementieva![]() |
Dinara Safina![]() |
Vera Zvonareva![]() |
Men's doubles |
![]() Roger Federer Stanislas Wawrinka |
![]() Simon Aspelin Thomas Johansson |
![]() Bob Bryan Mike Bryan |
Women's doubles |
![]() Serena Williams Venus Williams |
![]() Anabel Medina Garrigues Virginia Ruano Pascual |
![]() Yan Zi Zheng Jie |
Triathlon
[edit]Event | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
---|---|---|---|
Men's |
Jan Frodeno![]() |
Simon Whitfield![]() |
Bevan Docherty![]() |
Women's |
Emma Snowsill![]() |
Vanessa Fernandes![]() |
Emma Moffatt![]() |
Volleyball
[edit]Beach
[edit]Event | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
---|---|---|---|
Men's |
![]() Phil Dalhausser Todd Rogers |
![]() Márcio Araújo Fabio Magalhães |
![]() Ricardo Santos Emanuel Rego |
Women's |
![]() Misty May-Treanor Kerri Walsh |
![]() Tian Jia Wang Jie |
![]() Xue Chen Zhang Xi |
Indoor
[edit]Water polo
[edit]Weightlifting
[edit]Wrestling
[edit]Freestyle
[edit]Greco-Roman
[edit]Event | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
---|---|---|---|
Men's 55 kg |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() | |||
Men's 60 kg |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() | |||
Men's 66 kg |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() | |||
Men's 74 kg |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() | |||
Men's 84 kg |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
Vacant [E] | |||
Men's 96 kg |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() | |||
Men's 120 kg |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
Statistics
[edit]Medal leaders
[edit]Athletes that won at least three gold medals or at least four total medals are listed below.
Athlete | Nation | Sport | Gold | Silver | Bronze | Total | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
![]() |
Michael Phelps | ![]() |
Swimming | 8 | 0 | 0 | 8 |
![]() |
Chris Hoy | ![]() |
Cycling | 3 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
Zou Kai | ![]() |
Gymnastics | 3 | 0 | 0 | 3 | |
![]() |
Stephanie Rice | ![]() |
Swimming | 3 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
![]() |
Libby Trickett | ![]() |
Swimming | 2 | 1 | 1 | 4 |
![]() |
Ryan Lochte | ![]() |
Swimming | 2 | 0 | 2 | 4 |
![]() |
Nastia Liukin | ![]() |
Gymnastics | 1 | 3 | 1 | 5 |
Kirsty Coventry | ![]() |
Swimming | 1 | 3 | 0 | 4 | |
![]() |
Shawn Johnson | ![]() |
Gymnastics | 1 | 3 | 0 | 4 |
![]() |
Natalie Coughlin | ![]() |
Swimming | 1 | 2 | 3 | 6 |
Source:[21]
Medal winner changes
[edit]![]() | This section needs to be updated.(May 2021) |
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Tony_Andr%C3%A9_Hansen_on_Camiro.jpg/200px-Tony_Andr%C3%A9_Hansen_on_Camiro.jpg)
^ A. Belarusian athletes Vadim Devyatovskiy and Ivan Tsikhan, who won silver and bronze respectively in the men's hammer throw, both tested positive for abnormal levels of testosterone. After attending a disciplinary hearing in September, they were stripped of their medals on December 11, 2008. Krisztián Pars of Hungary was given the silver medal, and Koji Murofushi of Japan was given the bronze.[22] On June 10, 2010, following a successful appeal to the Court of Arbitration for Sport, Devyatovskiy and Tsikhan had their medals reinstated.[23]
^ B. Ukrainian athlete Lyudmyla Blonska, who finished second in the women's heptathlon, tested positive for the steroid methyltestosterone. On August 22, 2008, the International Olympic Committee officially stripped Blonska of her medal, and as a result, the silver medal went to Hyleas Fountain of the United States, and the bronze medal to Tatyana Chernova of Russia.[24]
^ C. Norwegian equestrian athlete Tony André Hansen's horse tested positive for the pain relieving medication capsaicin, a banned substance. Hansen, who won a bronze medal in the team jumping event, was disqualified. In the team jumping system, the top three scores garnered by the four riders are counted. Hansen had the best score on his team, and it was removed from the total. Without Hansen's score, his team was below the bronze medal threshold so the medal was awarded to the team from Switzerland on December 22, 2008.[25]
^ D. On August 15, 2008, the International Olympic Committee announced North Korean shooter Kim Jong-su had tested positive for the banned substance propranolol and was stripped of his two medals. He had won a bronze medal in the 10 metre air pistol and silver in the 50 metre pistol. After Kim Jong-su was disqualified, the bronze medal in the 10 metre air pistol went to Jason Turner of the United States; in the 50 metre pistol, the silver medal went to Tan Zongliang of China, and the bronze medal to Vladimir Isakov of Russia.[26]
^ E. Swedish wrestler Ara Abrahamian was originally awarded a bronze medal in the Greco-Roman 84 kg event. However, at the medal ceremony he walked off the podium and dropped his medal on the mat in protest of the judging in his event. On August 16, 2008, the International Olympic Committee decided to strip him of his medal because they felt it amounted to a political demonstration and was disrespectful to other athletes.[27]
^ F. On November 18, 2009, the IOC announced that Rashid Ramzi of Bahrain had been stripped of the gold medal in the men's 1500 m race. Ramzi had been the first athlete from Bahrain to win an Olympic gold medal. His frozen blood sample was re-tested and found to contain traces of Continuous erythropoietin receptor activator (CERA), a stamina-building blood-booster. Kenyan Asbel Kipruto Kiprop was upgraded to gold, Nicholas Willis of New Zealand was given the silver and Mehdi Baala of France received the bronze.[28]
^ G. On November 18, 2009, the IOC announced that Italian cyclist Davide Rebellin had tested positive for Cera and had been stripped of the silver medal he earned in the men's road race. Switzerland's Fabian Cancellara was upgraded to silver and Russia's Alexandr Kolobnev was given the bronze.[28]
Notes
[edit]^ Note 1. Although the official opening of the Games was on 8 August 2008, football matches were held beginning on 6 August.[29]
^ Note 2. The fencing programme included six individual events and four team events, though the team events were a different set than were held in 2004. The International Fencing Federation's rules call for events not held in the previous Games to receive automatic selection and for at least one team event in each weapon to be held. Voting is conducted to determine the fourth event. In 2004, the three men's team events and the women's épée were held. Thus, in 2008, the women's foil and sabre events and men's épée were automatically selected. Men's sabre was chosen over foil by a 45–20 vote.[30]
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ "Beijing 2008 Olympic Games". Swimming New Zealand. Archived from the original on 14 January 2015. Retrieved 21 March 2021.
- ^ "Athens 2004". International Olympic Committee. Archived from the original on 2008-08-01. Retrieved 2009-06-10.
- ^ "A 2008 Summer Olympics primer". New York Daily News. 2008-08-10. Archived from the original on 2018-12-25. Retrieved 2009-06-07.
- ^ "Beijing 2008: Games Programme Finalised". International Olympic Committee. 2006-04-27. Archived from the original on 2008-09-14. Retrieved 2009-06-07.
- ^ "Programme of the Games of the XXIX Olympiad, Beijing 2008" (PDF). International Olympic Committee. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-07-23. Retrieved 2009-06-07.
- ^ Michaelis, Vicki (2005-07-08). "Baseball, softball bumped from Olympics". USA Today. Archived from the original on 2008-07-09. Retrieved 2009-06-07.
- ^ "Beijing 2008–Games of the XXVIV Olympiad". International Olympic Committee. Archived from the original on 2008-08-10. Retrieved 2008-08-10.
- ^ Randy Harvey (2008-08-17). "Jamaicans 1-2-3 in women's 100". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on 2008-08-18. Retrieved 2008-08-17.
- ^ "GOLD: x2 for U.S." The Globe and Mail. 2008-08-12. Archived from the original on 2008-08-17. Retrieved 2008-08-12.
Arkady Vyatchanin of Russia and Hayden Stoeckel of Australia tied for bronze.
- ^ "BBC Sport | Beijing 2008, Medals table". BBC. 2008-10-14. Archived from the original on 2018-12-25. Retrieved 2009-06-08.
- ^ Crary, David (2009-08-24). "The final count: China's gold rush". NBCOlympics.com. NBC. Archived from the original on 2011-07-14. Retrieved 2009-06-06.
- ^ "Afghans win first Olympic medal". BBC Sports. 2009-06-05. Archived from the original on 2008-08-21. Retrieved 2008-08-20.
- ^ "Mauritian delight at first ever medal". Times of India. 2008-08-22. Archived from the original on 2008-08-27. Retrieved 2009-06-05.
- ^ Osman, Mohamed (2008-08-24). "Darfur runner wins Sudan's first Olympic medal". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 2011-07-14. Retrieved 2009-06-05.
- ^ Talmadge, Eric (2008-08-11). "Italy, Azerbaijan win golds". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 2018-12-25. Retrieved 2009-06-05.
- ^ "Togo claims first Olympic medal". BBC News. 2008-08-12. Archived from the original on 2018-12-25. Retrieved 2009-06-05.
- ^ "Naidan wins Mongolia's first gold". BBC News. 2008-08-14. Archived from the original on 2018-12-23. Retrieved 2009-06-05.
- ^ "Liu out, Isinbayeva gets world record". The New York Times. 2008-08-18. Archived from the original on 2018-12-25. Retrieved 2009-06-05.
- ^ Caple, Jim (2008-08-17). "How can one not be won over by Phelps' feat?". ESPN. Archived from the original on 2014-08-11. Retrieved 2009-06-08.
- ^ a b "Factsheet: Records and medals Games of the Olympiad" (PDF) (Press release). International Olympic Committee. January 2009. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2009-08-23. Retrieved 2009-06-08.
- ^ "Multiple-Medal Winners". The Official website of the Beijing 2008 Olympic Games. Archived from the original on 2009-08-15. Retrieved 2009-06-06.
- ^ The Canadian Press (2008-12-11). "Belarusian hammer throwers stripped of medals". The Sports Network. Archived from the original on 2009-02-12. Retrieved 2009-06-05.
- ^ Ford, Bonnie D. (June 10, 2010). "CAS: Belarusians' doping tests invalid". ESPN.com. Associated Press. Archived from the original on October 17, 2012. Retrieved August 8, 2010.
- ^ "Ukrainian Blonska stripped of silver medal in heptathlon". ESPN. 2008-08-22. Archived from the original on 2013-07-29. Retrieved 2009-06-05.
- ^ The Canadian Press (2008-12-22). "Norwegian rider stripped of Olympic medal". The Sports Network. Archived from the original on 2012-10-17. Retrieved 2009-06-05.
- ^ "2 more athletes fail doping tests". CBC Sports. 2008-08-15. Archived from the original on 2009-02-12. Retrieved 2009-06-05.
- ^ Jere Longman (2008-08-16). "Swede Stripped of His Medal After His Angry Reaction". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 2013-05-15. Retrieved 2009-06-05.
- ^ a b Young, Chris (2009-11-19). "Young: Olympians lose medals after retroactive doping test". Toronto Star. Archived from the original on 2009-11-22. Retrieved 2009-11-19.
- ^ Marcus, Jeffrey (2008-08-07). "U.S. Opens With Win Over Japan". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 2015-06-03. Retrieved 2009-01-18.
- ^ "List of decisions of the 2006 General Assembly" (PDF). Fédération Internationale d'Escrime. 2006-04-08. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2012-12-10. Retrieved 2009-06-07.
External links
[edit]![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png)
- "Beijing 2008". Olympics.com. International Olympic Committee.
- "Schedules & results". The Official website of the Beijing 2008 Olympic Games. 2008. Archived from the original on 2008-08-07. Retrieved 2009-06-07.
- "Total Medals By Nation". Sports Illustrated. 2008. Archived from the original on 2013-11-26. Retrieved 2009-06-07.
- Official website of the 2008 Summer Olympics Archived 2006-12-12 at the Wayback Machine