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Liopropoma carmabi

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Candy basslet
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Actinopterygii
Order: Perciformes
Family: Serranidae
Subfamily: Epinephelinae
Genus: Liopropoma
Species:
L. carmabi
Binomial name
Liopropoma carmabi

Liopropoma carmabi, the candy basslet, is a species of fish in the family Serranidae.

Taxonomy

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The candy basslet is part of the family Serranidae (sea bass, groupers and reef basslets), one of 37 species of reef basslets in the tribe Liopropomini.[2] L. carmabi has many similarities with two other Liopropoma species; the Swissguard Basslet (L. rubre) and the Swales Basslet (L. swalisi), including size and coloration. However, its more defined and intense coloration distinguishes it from the other two species.[2]

Description

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Liopropoma carmabi tend to be smaller than most Liopropoma species with a body length of up to 6 centimetres (2.4 in).[2] Typically, males are on average 5.1 centimetres (2.0 in) and females 4.45 centimetres (1.75 in).[3] L. carmabi have approximately 6-7 dorsal spines and 12-13 dorsal soft rays.[4] The head, body, and caudal fin of the candy basslet are striped; horizontal, alternating orange and lavender stripes, separated by red lines, run down the length of the fish.[4] Two black dots are found on the rear margin of the caudal fin. This species possesses gill rakers.[5] The candy basslet possesses ctenoid scales on its entire body except for the lips and a small portion on the front of the snout.[5] Its caudal fin is rounded, and the anal fin originates behind the second dorsal fin's origin.[5] Like other Liopropoma species, they have a somewhat elongated body.[6]

Distribution

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Liopropoma carmabi is one of five species of Liopropoma that reside in the deep waters of the tropical Atlantic Ocean, ranging from the Florida Keys and Bahamas, and along the eastern Caribbean, to as far as the northern coast of South America.[6] It is most commonly found near the island of Curacao.[7] The fish lives at a depth of 15–70 metres (49–230 ft),[4] though other sources state a range of 25–100 metres (82–328 ft).[8]

Habitat and ecology

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L. carmabi is widely distributed in its range. They can be locally common, being found over rocky reefs especially areas with abundant rock shelter, rubble, and fewer corals, as this cryptic species hides in coral recesses.[4]

Reproductive behavior

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In secluded areas, candy basslet court by swimming parallel to each other with their opercula in contact.[3] The spawn of other Epinephelinae are carried by currents towards the open sea, and this is also assumed to be the case across Liopropoma.[9][10] Liopropoma carmabi has the most unique larva compared to other larvae of the family Serranidae.[clarification needed][11]

Diet

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In captivity, L. carmabi take small crustaceans such as brine shrimp, krill, and crabs that fit into the basslet's relatively small mouth.[6]

Conservation

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The invasive lionfish of the genus Pterois is known to prey on candy basslets, but the extent of this threat has not been determined. Due to a lack of major threats, and a wide distribution across the tropical Atlantic, the candy basslet is listed as Least Concern, although the assessment requires updating.[7] Commercially, due to their defined and appealing coloration, aquarium trade is desirable but rare, because of the difficulty to reach their deep habitats.[7] Ornamental marine fishes are known to be high in abundance in India.[12] Liopropoma carmabi are used in ornamental fish trading due to their striking color. [12] An individual of the species is worth $1,000 ranking it at #10 for the world's most expensive tropical fish from India.[12]

References

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  1. ^ Anderson, W.; Carpenter, K.E.; Gilmore, G.; Milagrosa Bustamante, G.; Robertson, R. (2015). "Liopropoma carmabi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2015: e.T16759167A16781813. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2015-2.RLTS.T16759167A16781813.en. Retrieved 20 November 2021.
  2. ^ a b c "Candy Bass Liopropoma carmabi (Randall 1963)". eol.org. Encyclopedia of Life. Retrieved 16 February 2025.
  3. ^ a b Joshi, Sanjay. “Fish Tales: Candy Basslet Courting ” Reefs magazine, 2011, https://reefs.com/magazine/courtship-and-possible-spawning-of-the-candy-basslet-liopropoma-carmabi/
  4. ^ a b c d "Liopropoma carmabi (Randall, 1963) Candy basslet". fishbase.ca. FishBase. Retrieved 16 February 2025.
  5. ^ a b c Randall, J.E. (1963). "An analysis of the fish populations of artificial and natural reefs in the Virgin Islands". Caribbean J. Sci. 3 (1): 31–47.
  6. ^ a b c Schiemer, Gregory. “Aquarium Fish: The Candy Basslet (Liopropoma carmabi (Randall, 1963)) ” Advanced Aquarist, Oct. 2006, www.advancedaquarist.com/2006/10/fish
  7. ^ a b c "Candy Basslet Liopropoma carmabi". iucnredlist.org. International Union for Conservation of Nature. Retrieved 16 February 2025.
  8. ^ Baldwin, Carole C.; Robertson, D. Ross (15 May 2014). "A new Liopropoma sea bass (Serranidae, Epinephelinae, Liopropomini) from deep reefs off Curaçao, southern Caribbean, with comments on depth distributions of western Atlantic liopropomins". ZooKeys (409): 71–92. doi:10.3897/zookeys.409.7249. PMC 4042691. PMID 24899845.
  9. ^ Newman, Stephen J.; Williams, Ashley J.; Wakefield, Corey B.; Nicol, Simon J.; Taylor, Brett M.; O’Malley, Joseph M. (1 September 2016). "Review of the life history characteristics, ecology and fisheries for deep-water tropical demersal fish in the Indo-Pacific region". Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries. 26 (3): 537–562. doi:10.1007/s11160-016-9442-1. ISSN 1573-5184. S2CID 16671382.
  10. ^ Baldwin, Carole C.; Robertson, D. Ross (2014). "A new Liopropoma sea bass (Serranidae, Epinephelinae, Liopropomini) from deep reefs off Curaçao, southern Caribbean, with comments on depth distributions of western Atlantic liopropomins". ZooKeys (409): 71–92. doi:10.3897/zookeys.409.7249. PMC 4042691. PMID 24899845.
  11. ^ Baldwin, Carole C.; Johnson, G. David (13 May 2014). "Connectivity across the Caribbean Sea: DNA Barcoding and Morphology Unite an Enigmatic Fish Larva from the Florida Straits with a New Species of Sea Bass from Deep Reefs off Curaçao". PLOS ONE. 9 (5): e97661. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0097661. ISSN 1932-6203. PMC 4019605. PMID 24825118.
  12. ^ a b c Raja, Karthick; Aanand, P.; Padmavathy, S.; Sampathkumar, J. Stephen (2019). "Present and future market trends of Indian ornamental fish sector". International Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Studies. 7 (2): 06–15. ISSN 2347-5129.