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Liberation Route Europe

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Liberation Route Europe is an international remembrance trail that connects the main regions along the advance of the Western Allied Forces toward the liberation of Europe and final stage of the Second World War. The route started in 2008 as a Dutch regional initiative in the Arnhem-Nijmegen area and then developed into a transnational route that was officially inaugurated in Arromanches on June 6, 2014, during the Normandy D-day commemorations. The route goes from Southern England (commemorating the early years of the war) through France, Belgium, Luxembourg, the Netherlands to Berlin in Germany, then extends to the Czech Republic and Poland. The southern route starts in Italy. As a form of remembrance tourism, LRE aims to unfold these Allied offensives of 1944 and 1945 in one narrative combining the different perspectives and points of view. By combining locations with personal stories of people who fought and suffered there, it gives visitors the opportunity to follow the Allied march and visit significant sites from war cemeteries to museums and monuments but also events and commemorations. In April 2019, Liberation Route Europe became a certified Cultural Route of the Council of Europe.[1]

The Route

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Heinkel 111s, which were used in the Battle of Britain

Great Britain

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After the fall of France in 1940 and their own defeat on the continent, The Royal Air Force (RAF) defended their island. The action became known as the Battle of Britain. The route starts in London and goes through Kent (from where the Dunkirk evacuation was controlled) and Hampshire (where Operation Overlord, the D-Day landing, was planned and prepared).

Important remembrance sites

France

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Landing on Omaha beach on D-Day, 1944
Further information: Liberation of France

Normandy

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Further information: Operation Overlord

During Operation Overlord, the largest amphibious assault in history, Allied forces landed on five beaches along an 80-kilometre (50-mile) stretch of Normandy coast on D-Day. This operation marked the start of the liberation of Western Europe. The route here comprises the five landing beaches: Omaha Beach (from Sainte-Honorine-des-Pertes to Vierville-sur-Mer), Utah Beach (Sainte-Marie-du-Mont), Gold Beach (between Port-en-Bessin and La Rivière), Juno Beach (from Courseulles to Saint-Aubin-sur-Mer), Sword Beach (from Ouistreham to Saint-Aubin-sur-Mer), along with Pointe du Hoc (Criqueville-en-Bessin) and Ranville (British Airlandings) or Longues-sur-Mer (German Battery).

The following Battle of Normandy resulted not only in the deaths of tens of thousands of soldiers, but also many French civilians. Almost all of the larger cities in the region were badly damaged.

Utah Beach Museum
Juno Beach Centre

Important remembrance sites

Further information: List of French Resistance museums and memorials
The liberation of Paris

Paris

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Main article: Liberation of Paris

An uprising of the population against the Germans on August 19 forced the Allies to send troops to liberate Paris, although it was not a priority. The French 2nd Armoured Division entered Paris on the evening of August 24. The capitulation was signed on the Île de la Cité, German troops surrendered at the Montparnasse train station. Two days later a triumphal parade, led by General Charles de Gaulle, was held on the Champs-Elysées.

Important remembrance sites

Belgium

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Battle of the Bulge

Ardennes

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The Battle of the Bulge was the last major German offensive campaign launched through the densely forested Ardennes region. They were eventually pushed back by the Allied forces to the Siegfried Line.

Important remembrance sites

The liberation of Brussels

Brussels

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Brussels was liberated on September 3 by the Guards Armoured Division of General Allan Adair including the Belgian 'Piron brigade'.

Important remembrance sites

Luxembourg

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Luxembourg was in the vicinity of the Battle of the Bulge offensive and had to wait until 12 February 1945 before being completely liberated.

Important remembrance sites

Netherlands

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The Dutch section of Liberation Route Europe is concentrated in the provinces of Gelderland, North-Brabant, Overijssel,[2] Zeeland[3] and Limburg.[4] In these provinces a large network of 176 'audiospots' has been developed to combine historical sites and personal stories.[citation needed]

Operation Market Garden

Gelderland

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The main historical places on the route here are Arnhem (Battle of Arnhem)[5] Nijmegen (Operation Market Garden), Groesbeek (Operation Veritable), Wageningen (German capitulation), Oosterbeek (Operation Market Garden), Otterlo (Liberation of the East) and Lent (Men's Island).[6]

The Airborne Museum in Hartenstein

Important remembrance sites

North-Brabant

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Camp Vught National Memorial

Important remembrance sites

Overijssel

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Holten Canadian War Cemetery

Important remembrance sites

Zeeland

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Battle of the Scheldt

Important remembrance sites

Limburg

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The German Cemetery at Ysselsteyn

Important remembrance sites

Germany

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Battle of the Hürtgen forest

North Rhine-Westphalia

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During the autumn and winter of 1944–45, the longest battle of the Second World War on German soil took place in the Hürtgen Forest. With this battle, which ended in an Allied victory, the war returned to Germany and opened the road to Berlin.

Seven 'audiospots' have been installed in the region.

Important remembrance sites

Berlin

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Berlin is the endpoint of the route. The Battle of Berlin was one of the last battles of the Second World War in Europe. Many soldiers died in widespread house-to-house fighting where Soviet soldiers faced desperate German resistance. On May 2, 1945, the Berlin garrison surrendered to the Soviet army. The unconditional surrender of Germany was signed on the 8th.

The Allied museum in Berlin
The German/Russian Museum in Karlshorst

Important remembrance sites

Poland

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Gdańsk

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On the 1st of September 1939, the battleship Schleswig-Holstein opened fire on the Westerplatte in Gdańsk. This is regarded as the first shots of the Second World War. After the war, Gdansk would become an important symbol of Polish resistance.

The invasion of Poland

Important remembrance sites

Czech Republic

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Plzeň

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Plzeň is the capital city of the Czech Republic's western region of Bohemia. In May 1945, the US Third Army led by George S. Patton entered Plzeň to liberate the Czech people from six years of occupation by Nazi Germany. The locals remember these events today and they remain immensely grateful to the US Army.

Important remembrance sites

The invasion of Sicily

Italy

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The Liberation Route Europe in Italy connects important remembrance sites connected to the landing in Sicily, the Gustav Line defense, the Battle of Montecassino, the landing in Anzio, the Gothic Line defense.[7]

The Liberation Route Europe Foundation

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The Liberation Route Europe is developed and managed by the Liberation Route Europe Foundation with offices in Utrecht and Brussels. Its purpose is to bring together all of the institutions related to World War II—museums, universities, regional and national governments, tourism authorities, veterans associations, war graves commissions and so on.)—and to coordinate their efforts at an international level.

Martin Schulz, former President of the European Parliament, serves as the patron of the Liberation Route Europe Foundation.[8]

References

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  1. ^ "The Council of Europe certifies 5 new Cultural Routes". Cultural Routes. Retrieved 2019-05-17.
  2. ^ "'Liberation Route Europe' ook door Overijssel, zeven gemeenten doen mee". rtvoost.nl. 26 January 2016. Retrieved 2 August 2016.
  3. ^ "Remembering the 'Forgotten Battle'". Toronto Star. 11 November 2015. Retrieved 2 August 2016.
  4. ^ "Trip follows Liberation Route Europe through Netherlands". Toronto Star. 17 March 2016. Retrieved 2 August 2016.
  5. ^ Richardson, Nigel (17 September 2014). "Battle of Arnhem: dropping in on a bridge too far". The Telegraph. Retrieved 2 August 2016.
  6. ^ "Liberation Route Europe: Travel the path of the Allied advance in WWII". CTV News. 17 September 2014. Retrieved 2 August 2016.
  7. ^ "Turismo culturale, la Linea Gotica toscana entra nella "Liberation Route Europe"". loschermo.it. 17 July 2016. Retrieved 2 August 2016.
  8. ^ "Der Tagesspiegel - Geschichte ohne Grenzen". tagesspiegel.de. 11 May 2015. Retrieved 2 August 2016.
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