Liassoscorpionides
| Liassoscorpionides Temporal range: Early Toarcian,
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Scientific classification 
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| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Subphylum: | Chelicerata |
| Class: | Arachnida |
| Order: | Scorpiones |
| Family: | †Liassoscorpionididae |
| Genus: | †Liassoscorpionides Bode 1951 |
| Species | |
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| Synonyms | |
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Liassoscorpionides is an extinct genus of scorpions from the Toarcian of Germany. It was found on the Posidonia Shale, on the so-called Mergelgrube “insect bed” of Hondelage near Braunschweig, on a layer, as it´s name suggests, full of insect genera.[1] Liassoscorpionides is the only confirmed jurassic scorpion discovered.[2] Liassoscorpionides represented a relatively small genus with a morphology resembing the extant genus Hadogenes.[3]
The holotype, GZG G525-1, consists of a partial body fossil, measuring 14.4 mm in length and 4.8 mm in width.[2] The preserved elements include a thin, short postabdomen (¼ metasoma), granulation of the carapace (¼ dorsal shield of the Prosoma), ornament on the posterior tergite margins resembling hatching, and a weak and delicate pedipalpal claw (supposedly superimposed from beneath the body). A median gut trace and a feature representing either a Runzelung (wrinkle) or a stigma (¼ spiracle) on the margin of at least the fifth Mesosomal segment was described, but its presence is controversial.[3] Later, the original material was restudied and resolved numerous new features.[4]
Liassoscorpionides was originally referred to a new, monotypic family, Liassoscorpionididae.[5] Being the only Jurassic scorpion known, there is no evidence that L. schmidti was aquatic (which was suggested in the past) and in the absence of further, better preserved material it should be excluded from future considerations of broad patterns of scorpion evolution. Some works considered it even a nomen dubium.[5] However a more recent work has retailed it´s validity, yet leaving unclear it´s affinities, maybe a relative of the Triassic Mesophonidae.[3] With the spider Seppo koponeni is one of the two only known arachnids from the Lower Jurassic of Germany.[6]
References
[edit]- ^ Bode, A. (1953). "Die Insektenfauna des Ostniedersachsischen Oberen Lias". Palaeontographica Abteilung A. 103 (2): 1–375. Retrieved 11 October 2023.
- ^ a b Bode, A. (1951). "Ein liassischer Scorpionide". Paläontologische Zeitschrift. 24 (2): 58–65. Bibcode:1951PalZ...24...58B. doi:10.1007/BF03044552. Retrieved 11 October 2023.
- ^ a b c Dunlop, J. A.; Kamenz, C.; Scholtz, G. (2007). "Reinterpreting the morphology of the Jurassic scorpion Liassoscorpionides". Arthropod Structure & Development. 36 (2): 245–252. Bibcode:2007ArtSD..36..245D. doi:10.1016/j.asd.2006.09.003. PMID 18089103. Retrieved 11 October 2023.
- ^ Kjellesvig-Waering, Erik N. (1986). Restudy of the Fossil Scorpionida of the World. Palaeontographica Americana. pp. 1–525. ISBN 0877104018.
- ^ a b Stockwell, S.A. (1989). "Revision of the phylogeny and higher classification of the scorpions (Chelicerata)". Ph.D. Thesis, University of California, Berkeley: 171–216. Retrieved 11 October 2023.
- ^ Selden, Paul A.; Dunlop, Jason A. (2014). "The first fossil spider (Araneae: Palpimanoidea) from the Lower Jurassic (Grimmen, Germany)". Zootaxa. 3894 (1): 161–168. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.3894.1.13. PMID 25544628. Retrieved 30 July 2021.
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