Kinalur inscription
| Kinalur Inscription | |
|---|---|
 Kinalur Inscription | |
| Material | Granite |
| Writing | Early Malayalam |
| Created | c. 1083 AD; Kerala |
| Present location | Kinalur Maha Shiva Temple |
Kinalur inscription (c. 1083 AD) is a Jain record from Kinalur, around 30 km north-east of Calicut, in north Kerala.[1][2] The inscription describes the donations made by Arappan Kunchi, the chieftain of Kurumpurai Nadu, to "Kunavaynallur Vijayaragishwaram Jain Temple".[1]
The old Malayalam record, in Vattezhuthu (script) with necessary Grantha characters, reveals the ancient name of the Kinalur village as "Kunavaynallur".[1] It seems that Kunavaynallur was named after Thirukkunavay Shrine, a lost Jain temple near Kodungallur.[3] The inscription is engraved on both sides of a single granite slab (it was discovered from the Puvembayi Shiva Temple compound in Kinalur).[1][2] The estampage of the record can be found in Government Epigraphist's Office, Mysore.[1]
- The record is dated in "Thiru Kaliya Padara's Consecration/Installation Year 189" (temple era, 189 years from the establishment of the Kunavaynallur Vijayaragishwaram Jain Temple) [with Jupiter in Makaram, month of Medam, Wednesday and Avittam star (=1083 AD)].[1]
- Arappan Kunchi the Kurumpurai (the chieftain of Kurumpurai Nadu) donated lands to Kunavaynallur Jain Temple and leased them out to Chathan Arukkadi of Tiruvanchikkalam, Kuntan Chiru Nanga and Chathan Chirukanthan (for the below provisions).[1]
- Provisions are made for Thiruppali Shanthi (routine worship), Kudai (umbrella), Chanthanam, Pallithamam (garland of the deity), Nanda-villakku (permanent temple lamp), Akkiram (Brahmin feeding) and Koothu (temple dance) by Arappan Kunchi the Kurumpurai.[1]
- Another shrine caled "Manukulasekharanallur Jain Temple" is mentioned.[1]
- Munnuttuvar, the leader of Three Hundred Nairs Warriors of Kurumpurai Nadu, and certain "Muvayiravar" (the Three Thousand) are mentioned.[1] Both officers are required to "guarantee regular payment [to the temple] after removing obstacles".[4]
References
[edit]- ^ a b c d e f g h i j Narayanan, M. G. S. (2013) [1972]. "Index to Cera Inscriptions". Perumals of Kerala. Thrissur (Kerala): CosmoBooks. pp. 484–85.
- ^ a b Selvakumar, V. (2020). "Report of the Salvage Digging at Kinalur, 2016-17" (PDF). Social Orbit. 6: 171–180.
- ^ Narayanan, M. G. S. (2013) [1972]. Perumals of Kerala. Thrissur (Kerala): CosmoBooks. p. 341.
- ^ Narayanan, M. G. S. (2013) [1972]. Perumals of Kerala. Thrissur (Kerala): CosmoBooks. p. 252.