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Khorramshahr

Coordinates: 30°26′22″N 48°10′54″E / 30.43944°N 48.18167°E / 30.43944; 48.18167
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For the administrative division of Khuzestan province, see Khorramshahr County. For the medium-range ballistic missile, see Khorramshahr.

Khorramshahr
خرَمشَهر
City
Khorramshahr is located in Iran
Khorramshahr
Khorramshahr
Coordinates: 30°26′22″N 48°10′54″E / 30.43944°N 48.18167°E / 30.43944; 48.18167[1]
CountryIran
ProvinceKhuzestan
CountyKhorramshahr
DistrictCentral
Government
 • MayorKamyab Teymouri
Population
 (2016)[2]
 • Total
133,097
Time zoneUTC+3:30 (IRST)

Khorramshahr (Persian: خرمشهر; [xoræmˈʃæhɾ])[a] is a city in the Central District of Khorramshahr County, Khuzestan province, Iran, serving as capital of both the county and the district.[5] It is also known in Arabic by the local ethnically Arab population as Al-Muhammarah (Arabic: المحمرة).[6]

Khorramshahr is an inland port city located approximately 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) north of Abadan. The city extends to the right bank of the Shatt Al Arab waterway near its confluence with the Haffar arm of the Karun river. The city was destroyed in the Iran–Iraq War, with the 1986 census recording a population of zero. However, Khorramshahr was rebuilt after the war, and more recent censuses show that the population has returned to the pre-war level.

History

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The area where the city exists today was originally under the waters of the Persian Gulf. It later became part of the vast marshlands and the tidal flats at the mouth of the Karun River. The small town known as Piyan, and later Bayan appeared in the area no sooner than the late Parthian time in the first century AD. Whether or not this was located at the same spot where Khurramshahr is today, is highly debatable.

During the Islamic centuries, the Daylamite Buwayhid king, Panah Khusraw Adud ad-Dawlah ordered the digging of a canal to join the Karun River (which at the time emptied independently into the Persian Gulf through the Bahmanshir channel) to the Shatt al-Arab (the joint estuary of the Tigris and Euphrates rivers, known in Iran as Arvand Rud). The extra water made the joint estuary more reliably navigable. The channel thus created was known as the Haffar, Arabic for "excavated," "dugout," which exactly described what the channel was. The Haffar soon became the main channel of the Karun, as it is in the present day.

It was the capital of the Sheikdom of Muhammara, and until 1847, at which time it became Persian territory (according to Article II of the Treaty of Erzurum), Khorramshahr was alternately claimed and occupied by Persia and Turkey. Its ruler at the time was an Arab sheikh.[7]

Iran–Iraq War

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Main articles: Battle of Khorramshahr (1980) and Battle of Khorramshahr (1982)

Because of the war, the population of Khorramshahr dropped from 146,706 in the 1976 census to 0 in the 1986 census. The population reached 34,750 in the 1991 census and by the 2006 census it reached 123,866, and according to World Gazetteer its population as of 2012 is 138,398, making the population close to what it was before the war.[8]

Demographics

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Mandaean community

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Mandaeans in Khorramshahr in 2015

Khorramshahr is home to a Mandaean community. It is one of the last remaining locations in the world where Neo-Mandaic is still spoken. There are only a few hundred speakers of the Khorramshahr dialect of Neo-Mandaic.[9]

Population

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At the time of the 2006 National Census, the city's population was 123,866 in 26,385 households.[10] The following census in 2011 counted 129,418 people in 33,623 households.[11] The 2016 census measured the population of the city as 133,097 people in 37,124 households.[2]

Notable people

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See also

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Media related to Khorramshahr at Wikimedia Commons

flag Iran portal

Notes

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  1. ^ Also known as Khurramshahr; (Arabic: المحمرة), romanized as Al-Muhammerah[3][4]

References

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  1. ^ OpenStreetMap contributors (21 December 2024). "Khorramshahr, Khorramshahr County" (Map). OpenStreetMap (in Persian). Retrieved 21 December 2024.
  2. ^ a b Census of the Islamic Republic of Iran, 1395 (2016): Khuzestan Province. amar.org.ir (Report) (in Persian). The Statistical Center of Iran. Archived from the original (Excel) on 21 October 2020. Retrieved 19 December 2022.
  3. ^ Khorramshahr can be found at GEOnet Names Server, at this link, by opening the Advanced Search box, entering "-3071225" in the "Unique Feature Id" form, and clicking on "Search Database".
  4. ^ Khorramshahr entry in Encyclopædia Britannica http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/316878/Khorramshahr
  5. ^ Habibi, Hassan (26 July 2014) [Approved 21 June 1369]. Approval of the organization and chain of citizenship of the elements and units of the national divisions of Khuzestan province, centered in the city of Ahvaz. rc.majlis.ir (Report) (in Persian). Ministry of the Interior, Political and Defense Commission of the Government Board. Proposal 3233.1.5.53; Letter 907-93808; Notification 82830/T126K. Archived from the original on 17 July 2014. Retrieved 25 January 2024 – via Islamic Parliament Research Center.
  6. ^ "مدينة المحمرة" [Al-Muhammarrah City]. al-ahwaz.com. Archived from the original on 6 December 2024. Retrieved 6 December 2024. تقع عند مصب نهر كارون في شط العرب ، شيدها يوسف بن مرداو ثاني امراء امارة المحمرة وذلك سنة 1229 هجـ - 1812 م وهو من شيوخ قبيلة البوكاسب الكعبية العربية ، ابدل الاحتلال الفارسي اسمها العربي بأسم فارسي فسميت ( خرمشهر ) . وتبعـد عن مد ينة الأحواز ( 120 كم ) ، وهى ميناء تجاري مهم . [It is located at the mouth of the Karun River on the Shatt al-Arab. It was built in 1229 AH / 1812 CE by Yusuf bin Mirdaw, the second ruler of the Emirate of Mohammerah, who was one of the sheikhs of the Arab Bukasib tribe of the Ka'b. The Persian occupation changed its Arabic name to a Persian one, calling it "Khorramshahr." It is 120 kilometers away from the city of Ahwaz and serves as an important commercial port.]
  7. ^  One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Muhamrah". Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 18 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 956.
  8. ^ "Census of the Islamic Republic of Iran, 1385 (2006)" (Excel). Statistical Center of Iran. Archived from the original on 20 September 2011.
  9. ^ Häberl, Charles (2009). The neo-Mandaic dialect of Khorramshahr. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz. ISBN 978-3-447-05874-2. OCLC 377787551.
  10. ^ Census of the Islamic Republic of Iran, 1385 (2006): Khuzestan Province. amar.org.ir (Report) (in Persian). The Statistical Center of Iran. Archived from the original (Excel) on 20 September 2011. Retrieved 25 September 2022.
  11. ^ Census of the Islamic Republic of Iran, 1390 (2011): Khuzestan Province. irandataportal.syr.edu (Report) (in Persian). The Statistical Center of Iran. Archived from the original (Excel) on 18 January 2023. Retrieved 19 December 2022 – via Iran Data Portal, Syracuse University.
  12. ^ "Majid Bishkar: The 'Prince of Persia' who cast a spell with his magic". East Bengal Football Club official website. May 2021. Archived from the original on 9 May 2021. Retrieved 1 July 2021.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  13. ^ "رابطه عاشقانه دختر رضا هلالی با پدرش / هلالی: دخترم دانشجوی پزشکی است + فیلم". snn.ir (in Persian). Retrieved 16 September 2024.
  14. ^ "Mohsen Rastani". Qoqnoos. Archived from the original on 22 June 2013.
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