Jwamer Aga
Jwamer Aga (Sorani Kurdish: جوامێر ئاغای ههمهوهند) , was the head of the Kurdish tribe of Hamawand during the late nineteenth century Ottoman era and was an Kurdish nobleman and aristocrat. Jwamer was made the ruler of Zuhab and the Qasr-e Shirin district after the overthrow of its hereditary ruling family the Bajalan.[1] Jwamer which means one who is descented from nobility or is noble.[2] He was born in 1815 in the village of Ali Mansouri, a territory of Hamawand. He was executed in 1887, making his age of death 72.
Nobility and cause of death
[edit]His father was Mohammed of Chalabi, a Prince of Hamawand. Mohammed was one of the most famous absolute nobles who had disarranged Rome in addition to the Gentiles. Jwamer received the title Khan from Massoud Mirza Zell-e Soltan, the son of Naser Al-Din Shah Qajar. Through him he also became Sarhang and the Guardian of the Frontier for the above all critical routes. He received 6,000 Nassirian coins as hes salary as the Guardian of the Frontier. He was criticized by the British lieutenant Maunsell after receiving the titles, calling it an absurdity, 'on the theory of surrounding a thief to drawback a thief'. Whichever functioned, he provided safety in a minuscule time. He was prized for his 'adequate' way of acting. From being a Colonel, he became a Brigadier General. He built a Palace for himself in Qasr-e Shirin and lived with his sons. He rebuilt the city and created new markets. His palace was destroyed and his land was left behind during his execution. Faqe Qadri Hamawand, ruler of Chanchamal and Bazian, was also one of the nobles of Hamawand. Whoever he is related to, he left the country during exile and left behind his land. His land was worth around 58,450 piastres. His land was sold by the government. Faqe was exiled to Libya in Benghazi, where he probably died in 1890. Jwamer Aga and his sons were exiled and beheaded by the Jaffs after the Ottomans and Qajars strived in opposing him six years later after he was titled the ruler of Zuhab as well as the Qasr-e Shirin district by the Shah of Iran in 1881. The Jaffs and the Hamawands were in usual conflict before. [3] Jwamer held the Persian forces at Qasr-e Shirin for two months.[4]
George Nathaniel Curzon, notes that Jwamer was invited to a meeting with Tehran's emissary, where he was slain. He was reprimanded during the meeting for his 'rebellious' behaviour. [5]
Legacy
[edit]Former KDP Secretary General Ibrahim Ahmad named the main character in his famed nationalistic novel Jani Gal in reference to Jwamer.[6] A village was also named in his honour in the northernmost part of the Kifri district in the Diyala Province. Jwamer is considered an early Kurdish nationalist figure by the citizens of the Kurdistan Region.
Notes
[edit]- ^ Edmonds, Cecil John (1957). Kurds, Turks, and Arabs: politics ... - Cecil John Edmonds - Google Books. Retrieved 2011-10-20.
- ^ Sabar, Yona (2002). A Jewish Neo-Aramaic dictionary ... - Yona Sabar - Google Books. ISBN 9783447045575. Retrieved 2011-10-20.
- ^ Edmonds, Cecil John (1957). Kurds, Turks, and Arabs: politics ... - Cecil John Edmonds - Google Books. Retrieved 2011-10-20.
- ^ The anthropology of Iraq - Henry Field, Richard Arthur Mmartin - Google Books. Field useum. 1940. Retrieved 2012-06-18.
- ^ Yar-Shater, Ehsan (2009-09-01). Encyclopaedia Iranica - Ehsan Yar-Shater - Google Books. ISBN 9780933273719. Retrieved 2011-10-20.
- ^ Bengio, Ofra (2014). Kurdish Awakening: Nation Building in a Fragmented Homeland. U.S.A: University of Texas Press. p. 131. ISBN 978-0292763012.
References
[edit]- Ehsan Yar-Shater Encyclopaedia Iranica Bibliotheca Persica Press, 2003 ISBN 978-0-939214-75-4
- Cecil John Edmonds "Kurds, Turks, and Arabs: politics, travel, and research in north-eastern Iraq, 1919-1925" Oxford University Press, 1957 ISBN 978-0-404-18960-0
- Yona Sabar "A Jewish Neo-Aramaic dictionary" Otto Harrassowitz Verlag, 2002 ISBN 3-447-04557-4