June 1956
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June 1956 was the sixth month of that leap year. The month which began on a Friday and ended after 30 days on a Saturday
The following events occurred in June 1956:
- The Soviet Union's foreign minister, Vyacheslav Molotov, is removed from his position under the new regime of Nikita Khrushchev.[1]
- Elsie Stephenson is the first director of the new Nurse Teaching Unit, University of Edinburgh, the first such unit to be set up in a British university.[2]
- President Tito of Yugoslavia begins a three-week state visit to the Soviet Union, reinforcing a thaw in relations between the two countries after the death of Stalin.[3]
- British Railways, the UK's national rail service provider, abolishes second class accommodation (by now surviving only on Southern Region boat trains) on its trains and "Third" class is redesignated "Second" class.[4]
- British submarine HMS Telemachus goes missing, presumed sunk, for several hours while conducting a hydrographic survey off the portion of Antarctica claimed by Australia.[5] An air and sea search is conducted until a Douglas C-47 Skytrain spots the submarine and the "subsunk" order is cancelled.[6]
- In Browder v. Gayle, a United States civil lawsuit resulting from the Montgomery bus boycott, the District Court rules that "the enforced segregation of black and white passengers on motor buses operating in the City of Montgomery [Alabama] violates the Constitution and laws of the United States".[7]
- Elvis Presley appears on The Milton Berle Show on US television, singing "Hound Dog". It is the first time Presley has appeared on screen without a guitar, and the resulting performance attracts widespread criticism because of his "suggestive" movements.[8]
- Born: Kenny G, US saxophonist, in Seattle, Washington
- Singapore's Chief Minister David Marshall resigns after failing to negotiate full self-government for the colony at talks in London, UK. He is replaced two days later by Lim Yew Hock.[9]
- Tel Aviv University is founded in Israel.
- Born: Björn Borg, Swedish tennis player, in Stockholm[10]
- Died: Hiram Bingham III, 80, US explorer, discoverer of Machu Picchu[11]
- In the UK's Tonbridge by-election, brought about by the resignation of sitting MP, Gerald Wellington Williams, Richard Hornby retains the seat for the Conservatives.[12]
- General Electric/Telechron introduces model 7H241 "The Snooz Alarm", the first snooze alarm clock ever.[13][14]
- The passenger ship Badora sinks in the Bay of Bengal with the loss of 196 out of the 202 people on board.[15][16]
- A total solar eclipse takes place.
- Born: Aaron Freeman, American journalist, comedian, cartoonist and performer, in Chicago, Illinois[17]
- Born: Patricia Cornwell, US crime novelist, in Miami, Florida[18]
- The 1956 European Women's Basketball Championship, held in Prague, is won by the Soviet Union for the fourth time.[19]
- Estádio José Alvalade opens in Lisbon, Portugal.[20]
- The equestrian events of the 1956 Summer Olympics open in Stockholm, Sweden, five months before the rest of the events in Melbourne, Australia; this was because of Australia's quarantine regulations.[21]
- Died: Frank Brangwyn, 89, Belgian-born British artist and designer[22]
- Burma's leader U Nu relinquishes his role as Prime Minister of Burma and is replaced by Ba Swe.[23]
- A tropical storm makes landfall near Cocodrie, Louisiana, United States. By the time it dissipates, four people have been killed and damage is estimated at $50,000.[24]
- Interpol becomes the common name of the International Criminal Police Commission.[25]
- In the final of the 1955–56 European Cup football tournament, held at the Parc des Princes, Paris, Real Madrid C.F. defeat Stade Reims 4–3.[26]
- Born: King Diamond, Danish musician, in Hvidovre, under the name Kim Bendix Petersen[27]
- The Natives (Prohibition of Interdicts) Act, 1956, receives Royal Assent, denying South Africa's natives the right to appeal to the courts against forced removals.[28]
- The 1956 U.S. Open golf tournament is won by Cary Middlecoff.[29]
- British poet Ted Hughes and US writer Sylvia Plath are married at the church of St George the Martyr, Holborn, London.[30]
- In the Bolivian general election, Hernán Siles Zuazo of the Revolutionary Nationalist Movement (MNR) is elected president and his party wins 61 of the 68 seats in the chamber of deputies and all seats in the country's senate.[31]
- The US-registered barge Danaco No. 5 sinks in the Kuskokwim River near Sleetmute, Alaska.[32]
- Born: Valentyna Lutayeva, Ukrainian handball player, in Zaporizhzhia (d. 2023)
- Battle of Algiers: Two members of Algeria's National Liberation Front (the FLN) are guillotined at Barberousse Prison by the French authorities, resulting in immediate reprisals. In the next six days, 49 civilians are shot dead by the FLN in the city.[33]
- Died: Thomas J. Watson, 82, US businessman
- Linea Aeropostal Venezolana Flight 253, a Lockheed L-1049 Super Constellation travelling from New York to Caracas, catches fire while dumping fuel in order to return to Idlewild Airport after experiencing engine trouble. It crashes into the sea, killing all 74 people aboard; it was, to that date, the world's worst disaster involving a scheduled commercial flight.[34]
- In the Quebec general election, the Union Nationale, under Maurice Duplessis, defeats the Quebec Liberal Party to win re-election.[35]
- Former US President Harry S. Truman, during a tour of Europe, is presented with an honorary degree by the University of Oxford.[36]
- The Canadian province of Saskatchewan holds a general election, resulting in the Co-operative Commonwealth Federation government of Tommy Douglas retaining its majority in the provincial legislature and winning a fourth term in office.[37]
- US dramatist Arthur Miller is called before the House Un-American Activities Committee of the United States House of Representatives, but declines to name suspected Communists, resulting in his conviction for contempt of court.[38]
- Born: Shah Mehmood Qureshi, Pakistani agriculturist and politician, Minister of Foreign Affairs 2008–11, in Murree, Punjab
- Died: Walter de la Mare, 83, English poet[39]
- A public referendum in Egypt leads to Gamal Abdel Nasser becoming the country's second president as a new constitution is adopted.[40]
- The "Loi-cadre Defferre", a first step in the creation of the French Union, is passed by the French National Assembly, altering the relationship between France and its overseas possessions.[41]
- Eindhoven University of Technology is established in Eindhoven, The Netherlands.[42]
- Died: Reinhold Glière, 81, Russian composer
- 1956 Kano Airport BOAC Argonaut crash: A BOAC Canadair C-4 Argonaut G-ALHE bound for Libya hits a tree while taking off from Kano Airport in Nigeria, and crashes, killing 29 passengers and three crew members. Four crew members and nine passengers survive.[43][44]
- The 1956 Copa del Generalísimo football tournament is won by Club Atlético de Bilbao, who defeat Atlético de Madrid 2–1 at the Estadio Chamartín in Madrid, Spain.[45]
- Born: Boris Trajkovski, Macedonian politician and president 1999–2004, in Monospitovo, Strumica, Yugoslavia (died 2004)
- Australian collier ship Vicky sinks off Wilson's Promonotory, Victoria, Australia, with the loss of eight crew members.[46]
- The 1956 Canada Cup golf competition, held at the Wentworth Club in Surrey, UK, is won by the US team of Ben Hogan and Sam Snead over the South African team of Bobby Locke and Gary Player, with Hogan also winning the individual prize.[47]
- Born: Catherine Samba-Panza, president of the Central African Republic from 2014 to 2016, in Fort Lamy, French Equatorial Africa (now N'Djamena, Chad)
- Died: Clifford Brown, 25, US jazz trumpeter and Richie Powell, 24, US jazz pianist, in a car accident that also killed Powell's 19-year-old wife Nancy[48]
- A Commonwealth Prime Ministers' Conference opens in London, UK, chaired by British Prime Minister Anthony Eden.[49]
- Poznań 1956 protests: A strike begins at the industrial complex of Joseph Stalin's (or 'Cegielski's) Metal Industries in Poznań, Poland.[50] Soviet General Konstantin Rokossovsky sends in troops to break up the crowds of protesters, resulting in a number of fatalities.[51]
- 20th Century Fox's film version of the Rodgers and Hammerstein 1951 stage musical The King and I, starring Deborah Kerr and Yul Brynner, is released in the US, becoming the most successful film version of any of their musicals up to that date.[52]
- The draw for the 1956–57 European Cup takes place in Paris, France, at the UEFA HQ.[53]
- US film star Marilyn Monroe marries US dramatist Arthur Miller at[54] Westchester County Court in White Plains, New York.
- US President Dwight D. Eisenhower signs the Federal Aid Highway Act of 1956 into law, authorizing the construction of 41,000 miles (66,000 km) of interstate highways.[55]
- Dunmore King wins the final of the 1956 English Greyhound Derby at White City Stadium in London,[56] receiving £1,500.[57]
- Two planes collide over the Grand Canyon, killing 128 people—more than any previous accident in commercial aviation.[58]
References
[edit]- ^ Brown, Archie (2009). The Rise & Fall of Communism. Bodley Head. p. 245.
- ^ Hookson. "History makers: nursing ambition | Edit". edit.ed.ac.uk. Retrieved 2016-09-26.
- ^ "Tito's Yugoslavia". CQ Researcher. Retrieved 30 May 2017.
- ^ Carter, Chris (3 June 2015). "3 June 1956: Third-class rail travel ends in Britain". MoneyWeek. Retrieved 29 May 2017.
- ^ Headland, Robert (1989). Chronological List of Antarctic Expeditions and Related Events. Cambridge, UK; New York: Cambridge University Press. p. 363. ISBN 978-0-521-30903-5 – via Google Books.
- ^ "Submarine Missing for Two and a Half Hours". The Times. No. 53548. UK. 4 June 1956. p. 8.
- ^ Browder v. Gayle, District Court of the United States for the Middle District of Alabama Northern Division, June 19, 1956, retrieved October 29, 2005.
- ^ The Blue Moon Boys: The Story of Elvis Presley's Band. Ken Burke and Dan Griffin. 2006. Chicago Review Press. page 52. ISBN 1-55652-614-8
- ^ Ng, Tze Lin Tania, "Rendel Commission", Singapore Infopedia. National Library Board Singapore, 2009.
- ^ Pears, Tim (5 June 2005). "When he was king". The Guardian. London. Archived from the original on 22 June 2016. Retrieved 14 December 2016.
- ^ "Bingham, Hiram". ANC Explorer. Retrieved 25 January 2022.
- ^ F W S Craig, British Parliamentary Election Results 1950-1973; Political Reference Publications, Glasgow 1973
- ^ "7H241 The Snooz-Alarm". Retrieved 28 May 2017.
- ^ "History of the Alarm Clock". ClockHistory.com. Retrieved 28 May 2017.
- ^ "Sea Survival". The Straits Times. 9 June 1956. p. 2.
- ^ "News in Brief". The Times. No. 53553. London. 9 June 1956. col C, p. 5.
- ^ Sweet Home Cook County (PDF). Cook County Clerk. p. 7. Archived from the original (PDF) on 28 May 2016. Retrieved 31 May 2023.
- ^ Current Biography Yearbook, 1997. H.W. Wilson Company. 1997. p. 119.
- ^ FIBA Archive
- ^ "Sporting Clube de Portugal". Archived from the original on 2011-05-19. Retrieved 2011-05-11.
- ^ 1956 Games (see All Facts section) olympic.org
- ^ Libby Horner and Gillian Naylor eds. (2007) Frank Brangwyn 1867–1956, Leeds Museums and Galleries, Groeningemuseum/Arents House. p. 27. ISBN 0901981737
- ^ Martin Smith (1991). Burma – Insurgency and the Politics of Ethnicity. London and New Jersey: Zed Books. pp. 54, 57, 163, 176, 178, 186.
- ^ David M. Roth (2010-05-04). "Unnamed Tropical Storm – June 13-15, 1956". Hydrometeorological Prediction Center. Retrieved 2011-10-21.
- ^ "Name and logo". INTERPOL. Retrieved 31 March 2017.
- ^ 1955–56 season at UEFA website
- ^ The Encyclopedia of Popular Music: Kollington - Morphine. MUZE. 2006. p. 713.
- ^ "Legislation: 1950s". South African History Online. Retrieved 3 May 2010.
- ^ Bartlett, Charles (June 17, 1956). "Middlecoff wins Open by stroke". Chicago Sunday Tribune. p. 1, sec. 2.
- ^ Roger Tagholm, Walking Literary London, New Holland Publishers, 2001.
- ^ Electoral Systems in Bolivia Archived August 6, 2012, at the Wayback Machine Plurinational Electoral Organ
- ^ "Danaco No. 5". Alaska Shipwrecks (D).
- ^ Horne, Alistair (1977), A Savage War of Peace: Algeria 1954–1962, New York Review (published 2006), ISBN 978-1-59017-218-6
- ^ "Search Vessels Find 6 of 74 Crash Dead". Dallas Morning News. Associated Press. 1956-06-21. p. 1. Retrieved 1 April 2012.
- ^ Leslie Roberts (1963). The Chief: A Political Biography of Maurice Duplessis. Clarke, Irwin.
- ^ "Chronology Harry S. Truman's Life and Presidency". Harry S Truman Library and Museum. Retrieved 30 May 2017.
- ^ Elections Saskatchewan
- ^ "Arthur Miller refuses to name communists". This Day in History. Retrieved 27 May 2017.
- ^ The Atlantic Companion to Literature in English. Atlantic Publishers & Distributors (P) Limited. 2007. p. 127. ISBN 9788126908325.
- ^ Nohlen, D, Krennerich, M & Thibaut, B (1999) Elections in Africa: A data handbook, p340 ISBN 0-19-829645-2
- ^ Modern History Sourcebook: France: The "Loi-Cadre" of June 23, 1956: Internet Modern History Sourcebook at fordham.edu
- ^ "TU Eindhoven Established". TU Eindhoven. Archived from the original on September 11, 2010. Retrieved September 12, 2010.
- ^ Civil Aviation Authority 1974, p. 10/56
- ^ "Air Crash in Nigeria Argonaut With 45 on Board, Many Casualties, Craft Bound For London". News. The Times. No. 53566. London. 25 June 1956. col A, p. 8.
- ^ Copa del Rey 1956
- ^ "Telegrams in Brief". The Times. No. 53568. London. 27 June 1956. col D, p. 8.
- ^ "Wonderful final rounds gain Canada Cup for U.S.". The Times. 27 June 1956. p. 4.
- ^ "Clifford Brown Jazz Festival, cemetery campaign to begin". delawareonline. Retrieved 2017-04-25.
- ^ "1956: The prime ministers of the Commonwealth attend a meeting at Number 10, Downing Street, London | Flickr - Photo Sharing!". Flickr. 1956-06-27. Retrieved 2013-11-12.
- ^ Black Thursday – course of events from the official city of Poznań website dedicated to 1956 events. Last accessed on 3 April 2007.
- ^ (in Polish) Waldemar Lewandowski, Poznańska bitwa pancerna Gazeta Wyborcza, 29 June 2006. Last accessed on 10 August 2007
- ^ Solomon, Aubrey. Twentieth Century Fox: A Corporate and Financial History (The Scarecrow Filmmakers Series). Lanham, Maryland: Scarecrow Press, 1989. ISBN 978-0-8108-4244-1. p249
- ^ Corriere dello Sport, June 30, 1956.
- ^ Schreck, Tom (November 2014). "Marilyn Monroe's Westchester Wedding; Plus, More County Questions And Answers". Westchester Magazine.
- ^ Weingroff, Richard F. (Summer 1996). "Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1956, Creating the Interstate System". Public Roads. 60 (1). Federal Highway Administration. Retrieved August 25, 2015.
- ^ Hobbs, Jonathan (2007). Greyhound Annual 2008. Raceform. p. 90. ISBN 978-1-905153-53-4.
- ^ Genders, Roy (1981). The Encyclopedia of Greyhound Racing. Pelham Books Ltd. p. 110. ISBN 07207-1106-1.
- ^ LaFrance, Adrienne (24 April 2014). "The Site of a 1950s Plane Crash Just Became a National Landmark". The Atlantic. Retrieved 6 February 2021.