Juliana López
Juliana López | |
|---|---|
| Born | Juliana López Mainar 1886 |
| Died | 1971 (aged 84–85) |
| Organizations | |
| Movement | Anarchism in Spain |
| Criminal charges | Accessory to murder |
| Criminal penalty | Six years imprisonment |
| Parents |
|
Juliana López Mainar[a] (1886–1971) was an Aragonese anarchist militant.
Biography
[edit]Juliana López Mainar was born in the Aragonese capital of Zaragoza.[2] She was a cook by trade.[1] López ran a guest house on Calle Arnaldo Alcober, in the Magdalena neighbourhood of Zaragoza. There she provided refuge for fugitive anarchists and became well known within the Aragonese anarchist movement.[2]
In February 1921, she joined the anarchist group Los Justicieros. The group dispatched her and Buenaventura Durruti to contact other Spanish anarchist groups,[3] with the goal of creating an Iberian Anarchist Federation.[4] They first went to Andalusia,[3] where they convinced local anarchists to federate together on a regional basis. They then travelled to Madrid, but were forced to leave the city following the assassination of prime minister Eduardo Dato.[5] They finally went to Barcelona, where Domingo Ascaso informed them of the dangers faced by the local movement, preventing them from coordinating with other anarchist groups.[6]
Concerned that pistolerismo may make its way to Zaragoza, Los Justicieros went to the Basque Country to acquire weapons.[7] To pay for the guns, they carried out an armed robbery against a paymaster in Eibar,[8] making off with 300,000 pesetas.[9] They divided the money into two parts, half of which was sent to Bilbao, and the other half of which López took back to Zaragoza.[10]
In June 1923, she was implicated in the assassination of Archbishop Juan Soldevila.[11] Two members of Los Solidarios, Francisco Ascaso and Rafael Torres Escartín, had met at her guest house on the day of the attack.[2] The Catholic Church pushed the authorities to arrest her as an accomplice.[12] Her guest house was subsequently searched by police, and she and her family were investigated.[2] She was charged for the attack, alongside Ascaso, Torres Escartín and Esteban Euterio Salamero Bernard.[12] López was ultimately sentenced to six years in prison.[13] During her imprisonment, she was transferred between prisons in Alcalá de Henares and Zaragoza; in 1926, she contracted tuberculosis. She was released in 1928.[1]
In December 1932, she reunited with members of Los Solidarios in Barcelona to plan the anarchist insurrection of January 1933.[13] During the years of the Francoist dictatorship, she ran a small business in the Almozara neighbourhood of Zaragoza, where all her neighbours knew of her militant past.[2]
Notes
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ a b c Íñiguez 2001, p. 343.
- ^ a b c d e García Francés 2017.
- ^ a b García Francés 2017; Íñiguez 2001, p. 343; Paz 2006, p. 25.
- ^ Íñiguez 2001, p. 343; Paz 2006, p. 25.
- ^ Paz 2006, p. 25.
- ^ Paz 2006, pp. 25–26.
- ^ Paz 2006, p. 26.
- ^ García Francés 2017; Paz 2006, pp. 26–27.
- ^ Paz 2006, pp. 26–27.
- ^ García Francés 2017; Paz 2006, p. 27.
- ^ García Francés 2017; Íñiguez 2001, p. 343; Paz 2006, p. 46.
- ^ a b Paz 2006, p. 46.
- ^ a b García Francés 2017; Íñiguez 2001, p. 343.
Bibliography
[edit]- García Francés, Kike (June 2017). "Justicieras, Solidarias y Nosotras: Las mujeres en los grupos de acción anarquistas". Rojo y Negro (in Spanish). No. 313.
- Íñiguez, Miguel (2001). "López Mainar, Juliana". Esbozo de una enciclopedia histórica del anarquismo español (in Spanish). Madrid: Fundación de Estudios Libertarios Anselmo Lorenzo. p. 343. ISBN 9788486864453. OCLC 807322760.
- Paz, Abel (2006) [1996]. Durruti in the Spanish Revolution. Translated by Morse, Chuck. Edinburgh: AK Press. ISBN 1-904859-50-X. LCCN 2006920974. OCLC 482919277.