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Juan Vélaz de Medrano y Echauz

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In this Basque name, the first surname is Medrano and the second is Echauz.
Juan Vélaz de Medrano
Baron and Lord of Igúzquiza
Coat of arms of Juan Vélaz de Medrano
Full name
Juan Vélaz de Medrano y Etxauz
Other titlesBaron and lord of Aguinano, Orendain, Zabala, Arroniz and Learza
BornJuan Vélaz de Medrano y Echauz
Spouse(s)Ana de Mauleon y Navarra
IssueJuan Vélaz de Medrano y Mauleon
FatherJuan Vélaz de Medrano y Goni
MotherElvira de Echauz y Beaumont
OccupationKnight, Merino of the merindad of Estella and the alcaide of the castles of Del Castillo, Santacara, and Monjardin

Juan Vélaz de Medrano y Echauz (15th century –16th century) was a prominent high ranking noble and military leader in the final years of an independent Kingdom of Navarre. Juan was the head of the ancient House of Medrano in Navarre and the Vélaz de Medrano mayorazgo, hereditary baron and lord of Igúzquiza, Aguinano, Orendain, Zabala, Arróniz, the 4th lord of Learza, merino of the merindad of Estella, the governor of the castles of Del Castillo, Santacara,[1] Monjardin, and major knight of King John III of Navarre and Henry II of Navarre.[2] After the conquest of Navarre, Juan became a vassal of Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor.[3]

Life

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He is the son of Don Juan Velaz de Medrano y Goni and Elvira de Echauz y Beaumont.[2] Juan was born in the Palace of Vélaz de Medrano. He was the maternal grandson of Don Carlos, Viscount de Baigner (Baigorri) and Juana Margarita de Beaumont, sister of the first Count of Lerín, Luis de Beaumont.[4] Through his mother Elvira, Juan is the maternal great-great-grandson of Queen Joan II of Navarre from the House of Capet, and King Philip III of Navarre from the House of Évreux.[5]

Family

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Coat of arms of the lordship of Igúzquiza, Navarre under the House of Medrano

Juan Vélaz de Medrano belongs to a rich and warrior family of the Navarrese high nobility. His life spanned crucial battles and political turmoil as he fought to keep the Kingdom of Navarre independent alongside his brother Don Jaime Vélaz de Medrano y Echauz, mayor and alcaide of Amaiur-Maya, captain of the kings standing army, and royal guard of the monarchs of Navarre.[6]

His coat of arms was listed in the official archives of the Kingdom of Navarre.[7] The Medrano family is a very ancient house of noble origin, it is found in different times and in different places. Many principles are attributed to them by authors and historians:

...for its antiquity, its splendor, for their military prowess and virtue and for every other value of chivalry that prospered with this family, in great numbers, magnificent and generous.[8] The family origin is very old; [they] were related in some way to royalty.[9]

Palace of Vélaz de Medrano

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Don Juan's Palace of Vélaz de Medrano was always considered a nobleman's palace and a major defensive structure in the Kingdom of Navarre. Around 1512, it was deemed a potential threat to Castilian control, leading to the appointment of a military commander, Colonel Villalba, as its governor. The lord of the palace, Juan Vélaz de Medrano, was recognized as a knight exempt from military duties in 1513.[7]

Royal donation

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In 1496, King John III of Navarre gave Juan Vélaz de Medrano y Echauz the property that belonged to Langarot de Yaniz, who was declared a traitor.[2]

Governor of Santacara (1500-1510)

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Remains of the royal castle of Santacara. Juan Vélaz de Medrano y Echauz was the last independent Navarrese Governor of Santacara

As a leading lord, merino and knight of the independent Kingdom of Navarre, the noble Don Juan Vélaz de Medrano controlled several lands and castles, notably Del Castillo and Monjardín. Before Medrano became Governor of Santacara in 1500, the Agramonte faction took control of Santacara and its castle in 1494, but the Count of Lerín, aided by Castilian forces, besieged and recaptured it. That same year, a legal dispute between the town and Gracián de Beaumont over the appointment of the mayor and land ownership ended in favor of the town.[1]

After the death of the Prince of Viana in 1461, Louis de Beaumont, 2nd Count of Lerín allied with Juan de Aragón, marrying his daughter and serving the King of Aragon and Fernando el Católico. However, the Count was later expelled from Navarre and lost his titles and lands. Subsequently, in 1500, the Prince of Viana granted the royal castle and manor of Santacara to Juan Vélaz de Medrano, because he was a member of the Beaumont family. In 1500, Don Juan Vélaz de Medrano spent eight to ten years in the Castle and remained loyal to the kings of Navarre.[1]

War against Castile and Aragon (1512)

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Despite his maternal Beaumont ancestry, Juan and his family chose to support the Agramont faction. The Agramont faction was represented by the most significant lineages from the Kingdom of Navarre: Navarra, Garro, Goni, Enriquez de Lacarra, Velaz de Medrano, Ezpeleta, Rada, Baquedano, Mauleon and other significant Houses.[3]

Map of the Merindad of Estella in the Kingdom of Navarre.

At the beginning of the invasion of Navarre in 1512, the merino Don Juan Vélaz de Medrano and his palace of Vélaz de Medrano became strategic during the uprising of his merindad of Estella and the insurrection of Navarre. In October 1512, Juan Vélaz de Medrano y Echauz, lord of Iguzquiza, went to war against the Castilian and Aragonese invaders led by Ferdinand II of Aragon. The lords, in the face of an external threat, summoned the Medrano surname, distributed arms and organized an army to join the other Navarre valleys in support of Henry II of Navarre.[10]

Don Juan Vélaz de Medrano y Echauz defended the royal castles of Del Castillo, Monjardin and Santacara. After bravely fighting against the Castilian invasion, and following the conquest of Navarre by Fernando el Católico, Don Juan followed his legitimate king to France and participated in the unsuccessful attempt to restore the Navarrese Monarchy alongside Julián Íñiguez de Medrano.[1]

Final act of resistance

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After the regaining of Navarre's temporary independence, Juan's brother Jaime played a leading role in the defense of the legitimists as the alcaide of the royal fortress of Amaiur-Maya in 1522,[10] "having personified the Navarrese resistance to the Spanish conquest like no other".[11]

Fealty to Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor, King of Spain

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After the final conquest of Navarre in 1524, Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor, imposed travel restrictions on several notable figures, including Juan Vélaz de Medrano, lord of Igúzquiza. He was prohibited from visiting Pamplona, Puente-la-Reina, and Huarte-Araquil—locations under the constable's control—except for significant events such as the entry and coronation of Their Highnesses in Pamplona.[12]

Marriage and heir

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Royal Coat of Arms of Navarre (1328–1425)

Don Juan Vélaz de Medrano y Echauz married Ana de Mauleon y Navarra.[13][2] Don Juan made his will and testament on 30 April 1531, and his wife Ana de Mauleon made hers on 4 May 1506.[14] His namesake son and heir was Don Juan Vélaz de Medrano y Mauleon.

Juan Vélaz de Medrano's wife Doña Ana de Mauleon y Navarra is the daughter of Landron de Mauleon y Claver and Juana de Navarra y Enriquez de Lacarra, the latter being a great-great-granddaughter of King Charles II of Navarre and a descendant of King Enrique I de Navarra.[13][15] His wife was the maternal great-great-great-granddaughter of King Charles II of Navarre through his son Prince Don Leonel de Navarra, first Viscount of Muruzábal, half brother of Joan of Navarre, Queen of England. The Viscount of Muruzabal takes its name from an old royal manor town called Muruzabal. In 1407, King Charles III of Navarre included it within the viscount created in favor of his brother Prince Leonel de Navarra, I Viscount of Muruzábal, both sons of King Charles II of Navarre.[1]

Juan's mother in-law Doña Juana de Navarra y Enríquez de Lacarra is the daughter of Pedro de Navarra y Peralta, III Viscount of Muruzábal and Inés Enríquez de Lacarra y Foxan. The III Vizcountess consort of Muruzábal Ines Enriquez de Lacarra y Foxan, descendant of King Henry I of Navarre, is the daughter of Beltran "el Joven" Enriquez de Lacarra y Moncayo, IV Lord of Ablitas.[16] Her father Beltran Enriquez de Lacarra y Moncayo, IV Lord of Ablitas, is the grandson of Martín Enríquez de Lacarra, I Lord of Ablitas; great-grandson of Juan Enríquez de Lacarra, Prince of Navarra; great-great-grandson of Henry I of Navarre, king of Navarre and Garaztar de Lacarra.[16]

Ancestry

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Coat of arms of the House of Medrano (1568)

Don Juan was the son of Don Juan Vélaz de Medrano y Goni and Elvira de Echauz y Beaumont. His father Don Juan Vélaz de Medrano y Goni was the fifth of the name, Lord of Igúzquiza, Agos and Aguinano, the 3rd lord of Learza, and alcaide of the castle of Monjardin. He was a prominent noble and knight during the reign of John III of Navarre and Catherine of Navarre. His father was the son of Don Ferran Vélaz de Medrano and Elvira de Goni.[17]

Grandfather

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Doorway to the ancient Palace of Vélaz de Medrano in Igúzquiza, Navarre

Juan's paternal grandfather Don Ferran Vélaz de Medrano was the Lord of Iguzquiza, the 2nd Lord of Learza, and a ricohombre of Navarre.[18] In 1455, the king gave Don Ferran Vélaz de Medrano the Pechas de Muez, Mendoza and Legaria as compensation for the two thousand florins he had spent in the conquest of Geneville, and in 1471, he was given the valleys of Allin and Santesteban de la Solana.[19] In 1456, Don Ferran was the alcaide of the castle of Monjardín, and in 1461, he was the lord of Igúzquiza. In 1471, the king granted him the taxes of the valleys of Allín and Santesteban de la Solana.[20] Don Ferran rebuilt the Palace of Vélaz de Medrano, which was famous for the splendor of the festivities held by Don Ferran Velaz de Medrano and his children and grandchildren, which were often attended by the Navarrese monarchs themselves.[21]

Great-grandfather

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Juan's great-grandfather Don Juan Vélaz de Medrano was the fourth of the name, royal chamberlain of the Kings of Navarre and Aragon, lord of Iguzquiza, Arguiñano, Arzoz, Artazu, Zabal, Orendáin, the 1st lord of Learza, founder of the Vélaz de Medrano mayorazgo in 1437 (the oldest in Viana)[22] and the Royal Chamberlain of the Kings of Navarre.[23]

Maternal ancestry

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Don Juan's mother Elvira de Echauz y Beaumont was the daughter of Carlos de Echauz, 15th Viscount of Baigner and Juana Margarita de Beaumont.[24] Juana Margaret de Beaumont was the daughter of Carlos de Beaumont, the granddaughter of Prince Louis of Navarre, Duke of Durazzo, King of Albania in 1376, and the great-granddaughter of Queen Joan II of Navarre and King Philip III of Navarre, of the house of Évreux, which is a minor branch of the Capetian dynasty.[17]

References

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  1. ^ a b c d e Nabarralde (2020-06-29). "El castillo de Santacara". Nabarralde (in European Spanish). Retrieved 2024-08-21.
  2. ^ a b c d Archivo de Comptos, cajon 156; num. 37
  3. ^ a b Burgo, Jaime Ignacio del (2022-08-13). Carlos V. Emperador de Occidente y pacificador de Navarra (in Spanish). Editorial Almuzara. ISBN 978-84-1131-352-0.
  4. ^ "Hoja del grupo familiar de Carlos de ECHAUZ, vizconde de Baigorri / Juana Margarita BEAUMONT (F18078) c. 1423 : Tabla de Parentescos de don Fernando de Castilla". castilla.maxerco.es. Retrieved 2024-08-22.
  5. ^ Vol 1. of the Nobiliario de Argamasillia page. 221-222.
  6. ^ "JAIME VELAZ, EL CAPITÁN DE AMAIUR – Editorial Mintzoa – Historia de Navarra" (in European Spanish). Retrieved 2024-08-22.
  7. ^ a b Castles and Palaces of Navarre 1980 Salvat S.A. de Ediciones y Caja de A horros de Navarra, Pamplona Depósito legal: NA. 149-1980 ISBN 84-7137-604-0 Gráficas Estella, S.A., Estella (Navarra), 1980 Printed in Spain https://www.culturanavarra.es/uploads/files/Navarra-Castillos-torres-palacios.pdf
  8. ^ "Medrano family heraldry genealogy Coat of arms Medrano". Heraldrys Institute of Rome. Retrieved 2024-07-26.
  9. ^ "López de Medrano family heraldry genealogy Coat of arms López de Medrano". Heraldrys Institute of Rome. Retrieved 2024-07-27.
  10. ^ a b Retrieved on site from the ornamental plaque commemorating the palace of Vélaz de Medrano in Igúzquiza, Navarre. Courtesy of the Parliament of Navarre
  11. ^ Captain Jaime Vélaz de Medrano at the battle of Amaiur-Maya https://www.editorialmintzoa.com/producto/jaime-velaz-el-capitan-de-amaiurhttps:/www.editorialmintzoa.com/producto/jaime-velaz-el-capitan-de-amaiur
  12. ^ https://www.eusko-ikaskuntza.eus/PDFAnlt/riev/03/03046062.pdf
  13. ^ a b "24.10". Revista La razón histórica (in European Spanish). Retrieved 2024-08-21.
  14. ^ La Nobleza de Navarra (s. XVI-XVII-XVIII) Page 142. https://dialnet.unirioja.es/descarga/articulo/7198666.pdf
  15. ^ "FamilySearch.org". ancestors.familysearch.org. Retrieved 2024-08-21.
  16. ^ a b "NAVARRE NOBILITY". fmg.ac. Retrieved 2024-08-21.
  17. ^ a b Archivo de Comptos, cajon 165, num 19; cajon 177, num. 24
  18. ^ Idem id., cajon 152, num 21; cajon 171, num. 4
  19. ^ Idem id., cajon 156, num. 37
  20. ^ "MEDRANO, Ferrán Vélaz de - Auñamendi Eusko Entziklopedia". aunamendi.eusko-ikaskuntza.eus (in Spanish). Retrieved 2024-08-21.
  21. ^ Archivo de la Casa de Batona, seccion de Curiosidades y papales sweltos car. 30, num 66.
  22. ^ Mayorazgos of Viana https://www.culturanavarra.es/uploads/files/PV274_11.pdf
  23. ^ https://dialnet.unirioja.es/descarga/articulo/2257612.pdf
  24. ^ "Family tree of Carlos de Echauz". Geneanet. Retrieved 2024-08-21.
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