Joseph Sterett
Joseph Sterett | |
|---|---|
| Born | 1773 Maryland |
| Died | 1821 Maryland |
| Allegiance |  United States of AmericaMaryland Militia |
| Rank | Lieutenant colonel (United States) |
| Commands | 5th Maryland Regiment, Maryland Militia |
| Battles / wars | War of 1812 |
| Other work | planter |
Lieutenant Colonel Joseph Sterett (1773-1821), also known as Joseph Sterrett, was a Maryland militia officer who served during the Battle of Baltimore during the War of 1812. At the Battle of Bladensberg and the Battle of North Point he commanded the 5th Maryland Regiment, composed largely of volunteers from Baltimore.
Early life
[edit]Sterett was born in 1773. He married Molly Harris, and farmed at a 260-acre slave plantation known as "Mount Deposit". The couple had eleven children. They are as follows (YOB & Death where documented in parentheses): David Harris (1801), Essex (1803-1835), Frances Mary (1804-1805), Josephine (1805-1826), James William I(1807-1808), James William II (1808-1857), Mary Harris Winder(1810-1876), Joseph(1812-1874), Maria Ridgley Hollins (1814-1852), Louisa Sherlock Hollins (1816-1889), and Augusta Temple (1818-1819).[1]
War of 1812
[edit]Battle of Bladensberg
[edit]
When war broke out between the United States and Great Britain, Sterett commanded the 5th Maryland Regiment, a so-called "dandy regiment"[2] which was composed of around 500 men, mostly volunteers raised from the City of Baltimore.[3][4] The 5th first saw action at the Battle of Bladensberg on August 24, 1814, where the regiment was placed in the first line of defense,[5][6][7] and where the defending Americans would be routed by the British.
Pressed by the British attack, some of the militia units broke under fire and fell back, leaving the 5th exposed to the full weight of the enemy.[8] Sterett's men "gallantly" held their ground, pushing the British back at bayonet point,[8] but the 5th was soon flanked by the advancing enemy and Brigadier General Tobias Stansbury soon ordered a full retreat.[8] Although the 5th had "evinced a disposition to make a gallant resistance", it was out-flanked by the redcoats and eventually forced to retreat in some disorder.[9] After the battle, British forces entered Washington DC and burned many public buildings in the city.
Battle of North Point
[edit]Sterett's men also performed with great credit on September 12 at the Battle of North Point which, while tactically a defeat for the Americans, bought valuable time to organise the successful defense of Baltimore. As the British advanced, some of the militia regiments broke under fire, but the 5th Maryland Regiment and the 27th held their ground and were able to retreat in good order, having inflicted significant casualties on the advancing enemy.[10]
Corporal John McHenry of the 5th Regiment wrote an account of the battle:
Our Regiment, the 5th, carried off the praise from the other regiments engaged, so did the company to which I have the honor to belong cover itself with glory. When compared to the [other] Regiments we were the last that left the ground...had our Regiment not retreated at the time it did we should have been cut off in two minutes.[10]
After the battle Sterett retreated to his plantation, which was nearby, and made arrangements to remove his family from Mount Deposit to a place of greater safety. The British occupied his property, described by one subaltern as "a mansion of considerable size and genteel exterior", and looted the contents, in particular the wine cellar, following which "not a single pint either of wine or spirits remained".[11]
After North Point, Sterett took up a defensive position on Hampstead Hill along with his regiment, and awaited the British attack.[11] The following naval bombardment of Baltimore was not able to break the city's defences, and the British, perceiving the Americans to be "entrenched in the most formidable manner, having covered the whole face of the heights with breastworks", eventually withdrew without risking a land assault.[12]
Death and legacy
[edit]Sterett was regarded by his colleagues as a brave and reliable soldier.[13] He died in 1821, and was succeeded as lieutenant colonel of the 5th Regiment by George H. Steuart who had been a captain serving under him at Bladensberg and North Point.[14]
References
[edit]- Andrews, Matthew Page, History of Maryland, Doubleday Doran & Co, New York City (1929).
- Elting, John R. (1995). Amateurs to Arms! A Military History of the War of 1812. New York: Da Capo Press. ISBN 0-306-80653-3.
- George, Christopher T. (2001). Terror on the Chesapeake: The War of 1812 on the Bay, Shippensburg, Pa., White Mane, ISBN 1-57249-276-7
Notes
[edit]- ^ "Maryland Births and Christenings Index 1662-1911; Josephine Obituary "Record of Burials, 1st Presbyterian Church, Baltimore, MD 1820-1866, July 19, 1826"; 1st James William see below; 2nd James William's Obituary"Wilmington Journal, 08/28/1857, pg.4"; Mary Harris (Sterett) Winder's Obit."Baltimore Sun, 1/31/1876, pg.2"; Joseph's Obit."Baltimore Sun, 12/23/1874, pg.2"; also reconfirmed in Ancestry.com in the "Maryland, Wills, and Probate Records,1604-1998"; Maria Ridgeley(Sterett)Hollins Obituary "Baltimore Sun, 5/5/1852, pg.2"; Louisa Sherlock(Sterett)Hollins Obit"Baltimore Sun,10/7/1889, pg.4". Essex obit, 1st James William & Augusta Temple's birth & Obit from Sterett Bible records @ Maryland Historical Society given by Harvey Cavendish Darrell in 1936.
- ^ Elting, p.206
- ^ Andrews, p.432
- ^ Hickman, Nathaniel, p.100, The citizen soldiers at North Point and Fort McHenry, September 12 & 13 1814, published by James Young,(1889) Retrieved Jan 14 2010
- ^ Andrews, p.433
- ^ Quisenberry, Anderson Chenault, p.216, Kentucky in the War of 1812 Retrieved August 2012
- ^ The British Invasion of Maryland, 1812-1815 by William Matthew Marine Retrieved Jan 14 2010
- ^ a b c Andrews, p.434
- ^ History of the Late War between the United States and Great Britain By Henry Marie Brackenridge, p.249, Philadelphia (1836). Retrieved Jan 15 2010
- ^ a b George, p.143
- ^ a b Maryland1812.wordpress.com Retrieved August 2012
- ^ Andrews, p.439
- ^ Scharf, Thomas J. p.323, The Chronicles of Baltimore: Being a Complete History of Baltimore Tow Retrieved August 2012
- ^ Niles' Weekly Register, Volume 14, by Hezekiah Niles (1818) Retrieved Jan 15 2010