José Vincente de Valera
José Vincente de Valera | |
|---|---|
| Birth name | José Vincente de Valera y Álvarez[1] |
| Born | September 26, 1822 San Cristóbal, Dominican Republic |
| Died | January 16, 1899 Barcelona, Spain |
| Allegiance |  Spain |
| Service |  Spanish Army |
| Rank | Lieutenant-General |
| Commands | Las Tunas |
| Battles / wars | |
José de Valera (September 26, 1822 – January 16, 1899) was a high-ranking Spanish military figure who distinguished himself in Cuba's Ten Years' War.
Early life
[edit]José Vincente de Valera y Álvarez, born in 1822 in San Cristóbal, Dominican Republic, was described as a Dominican "mulatto". His lineage traces back to Juan de Valera Saldaña, former Captain of the Royal Spanish Army during the 17th century.
He was the godfather of Cuban General Máximo Gómez, who had previously been a cavalry officer in the Spanish Army in the Dominican Republic before joining the Cuban independence movement.[2]
Dominican Restoration War
[edit]During the Dominican Restoration War between 1863 and 1863, Lieutenant Colonel José de Valera served under the corps of Lieutenant Colonel Chief of Staff Valeriano Weyler in the Spanish Army. He was the First Chief of the 2nd Battalion of Cuba.[3] Spanish troops evacuated from the Dominican Republic in the summer of 1865 and arrived in Cuba following the Santo Domingo campaign.
Ten Years' War
[edit]He served as a colonel under Captain General Arsenio Martínez Campos during Cuba's Ten Years' War that began in 1868.
Battle of Las Tunas
[edit]Valera took part in the first Battle of Las Tunas on August 16, 1869, against revolutionary forces led by Gen. Manuel de Quesada. Col. Valera saw a sizable group of Cubans advancing toward Las Tunas after leading a reconnaissance of mounted cavalry sent by Gen. Enrique Boniche. Following the battle, the Cuban Liberation Army took control of the area before retreating when reports of 1000 Spanish reinforcements surfaced.[4]
On January 1, 1870, the departure of Col. Velasco left Col. Valera in Las Tunas to act as military commander of the town.[5] Valera was the Colonel of the reserves of Santo Domingo, in Sagua la Grande and assumed position as governor of Las Tunas.[6]
In the same year, Col. Valera led 1000 Spanish troops in a skirmish with 400 of Antonio Maceo's men near Monte Oscuro in Santa Clara. After putting up a fight against the combined forces of Valera and Arsenio Martínez Campos, Maceo's brigade was forced to retreat due to a lack of arms and ammunition.[7]
On December 27, 1870, 600 troops led by Col. Valera drove away nearly 500 insurgents after an engagement in which 35 Spaniards and roughly the same number of insurgents were killed or wounded.[5]
In June 1872, Valera's troops engaged 56 Mambí fighters under the command of Gen. Julio Grave de Peralta. A failed expedition led Grave de Peralta and his Cuban insurgents near a jurisdiction under Valera's command. His Spanish troops killed Grave de Peralta, captured some of the mambíses, and seized their vessel's entire cargo.[8] With 136 weapons, 200 boxes of ammunition, 2 pieces of artillery, and a captured flag, he arrived at Santiago de Cuba.[9]
In 1874, Valera's rank was upgraded to brigadier-general.[10][11]
In September 1879, the Spanish government established a new military jurisdiction that included the cities of Holguín, Las Tunas, and Gibara due to their distance from Santiago de Cuba. José de Valera was named military governor of the new territory.[12]
On November 5, 1879, Gen. Valera attacked an insurgent party but was defeated with 250 of his men killed and injured. He fled to Holguín before being reinforced by Gen. Ramón Blanco, 1st Marquess of Peña Plata.[13]
Gen. Blanco formed a council in Havana with Admiral Dámaso Berenguer and Generals Valera and Camilo García de Polavieja to prepare troops and volunteers that suppressed an uprising of Afro-Cubans in December 1880.[14]
Retirement
[edit]Prior to his return to Spain, he resided in Gibara, where he owned large estates. Retired Lieutenant-General José Valera, then around seventy years old, returned to Spain on the Reina Maria Christina in August 1898.[2]
Death
[edit]José Vincente de Valera died on January 16, 1899, in Barcelona, Spain.
See also
[edit]- De Valera, surname
References
[edit]- ^ Bacardí Moreau, E. (1973). Crónicas de Santiago de Cuba. Spain: Gráf. Breogán.
- ^ a b "Wishes to Die in Spain. Santa Cruz Sentinel. (August 23, 1898). - Newspapers.com™". Santa Cruz Sentinel. 23 August 1898. p. 1. Retrieved July 30, 2024.
- ^ Rodríguez Demorizi, E. (1968). Hojas de servicios del Ejército dominicano: 1844–1865. Dominican Republic: Editora del Caribe.
- ^ The Noblesville Ledger. (September 23, 1869). Cuba. The Battle of the Las Tunas; 1869. Newspapers.com. Retrieved June 9, 2024, from https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-noblesville-ledger-cuba-the-battle/149001365/
- ^ a b "Severe Fighting in Cuba; Heavy Losses by the Spaniards. Beaver Dam Argus. (February 5, 1870) - Newspapers.com™". Beaver Dam Argus. 5 February 1870. p. 1. Retrieved June 8, 2024.
- ^ New York Herald. (January 27, 1870). Cuba. No Expectations of an Early Termination of the Revolution; 1870. Newspapers.com. Retrieved June 8, 2024, from https://www.newspapers.com/article/new-york-herald-cuba-no-expectations-fo/148937049/
- ^ The Appeal. (June 18, 1898). Gen Antonio Maceo; Career of the Valiant Soldier Who Died for Cuba; 1898. Newspapers.com. Retrieved June 8, 2024, from https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-appeal-gen-antonio-maceo-career-of/148938929/
- ^ Western Daily Press. Bristol, Avon, England. (Friday, July 05, 1872). Latest Foreign News. [by Reuters Telegram.] Spain. Newspapers.com. Retrieved June 8, 2024, from https://www.newspapers.com/article/western-daily-press-spain-julio-grave-d/148918333/
- ^ The Daily Patriot. (July 15, 1872). Foreign: Cuba.; 1872. Newspapers.com. Retrieved June 8, 2024, from https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-daily-patriot-foreign-cuba-1872/148935421/
- ^ St. Louis Globe-Democrat. (September 8, 1875). Cuba. The Latest Atrocities; August 30, 1875. Newspapers.com. Retrieved June 8, 2024, from https://www.newspapers.com/article/st-louis-globe-democrat-cuba-the-lates/148937154/
- ^ Guía oficial de España. (1877). Spain: Imprenta Nacional.
- ^ Memphis Daily Appeal. (September 9, 1879). The Cuban Revolt; 1879. Newspapers.com. Retrieved June 9, 2024, from https://www.newspapers.com/article/memphis-daily-appeal-the-cuban-revolt-1/149001399/
- ^ The Superior Times. (November 29, 1879). Insurrection in Cuba.; 1879. Newspapers.com. Retrieved June 9, 2024, from https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-superior-times-insurrection-in-cuba/148991172/
- ^ The Standard. (December 28, 1880). Attempted Rising of Blacks in Cuba; 1880. Newspapers.com. Retrieved June 9, 2024, from https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-standard-attempted-rising-of-blacks/148991430/