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Jayakarta War

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For the 1619 battle, see Fall of Jayakarta.
Jayakarta War
Part of Anglo–Dutch wars

Dutch conquest of Jayakarta, 1619. (1724 print)[1][2]
Date20 December 1618 – March 1619
Location
Jayakarta (present-day Jakarta)
Result
  • Anglo–Bantenese victory
Belligerents
Banten Sultanate Banten Sultanate
East India Company		 Dutch East India Company
Commanders and leaders
Banten Sultanate Jayawikarta
Banten Sultanate Prince Wijayakrama
Banten Sultanate Arya Ranamanggala
Thomas Dale
Nicholas Ufftele		 Jan Pieterszoon Coen
Pieter de Carpentier
Strength
5,000 troops and few English weapons 2,000–5,000 troops
Few ships
Casualties and losses
Light casualties Hundreds of troops killed
Unknown ships

Jayakarta War (Indonesian: Perang Jayakarta; Dutch: Jayakarta-oorlog) was a military conflict occurred in Jayakarta between Banten Sultanate and English traders company against the Dutch East India Company from the year of 1618 to 1619. The war resulted of Dutch significant losses by the Anglo–Bantenese forces. Many of the Dutch lodges and fort was captured by the Anglo–Bantenese forces, but within the consequences of the war with the East India Company, the Dutch ensued to retreat from Banten following from the VOC suppression. This will eventually led to Dutch incidents on the island of Run. The preparation of Dutch East India Company started the second attempt after the war on Jayakarta again in May 1697.

Backgrounds

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On 1618 Jan Pieterszoon Coen as the Governor-general of VOC sending the protest message to East India Company in Jayakarta because many of the English fleets was hijacked and captured the VOC ships called "Zwarte Leeuw" on Patani, Siam. In the message of Jan Pieterszoon Coen to Thomas Dale he said that the English was starting to betray the English-Dutch relations in East Indies and the English also proved that the Dutch was started the conflicts by trying to expelled British from Moluccan.[3][4]

And also the Dutch were started to trying make the English losses many of their allies on East Indies including expelled the English possessions in East Indies . By this proving Coen asses that the English reasons was not the reasons for why the British hijacked their ships on Siams. And Coen was tried to intimidate the English by planned the assassination plan to Nicholas Ufftels who also proving by the reasons that Nicholas trying to broke the English relations with Dutch. Include by attemping the war on Jayakarta.[5][4]

Course of wars

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In 20 December 1618 the VOC fleets were occurred an naval engagements against EIC fleets in Jayakarta coasts,J.P Coen was truly launched an military aggressions to EIC by starting the wars in East Indies. On 2 days ago the VOC fleets in Molucca was plundered the EIC ships, and also the EIC received some news the Richard Wetsby (the ambassador of English on Jambi) also killed by ths VOC after Wetsby received a party invited by the VOC who wants to trapped and killed him and also burned the EIC ship called "The Hound".[6][7][4]

In 31 December 1618 Jan Pieterszoon Coen launced an naval actions in Jayakarta coasts,but his fleets was not able to attacked the Banten-English coast because their fleets were trapped by English-Banten fleets. With this conditions Coen decided to retreated into Molucca to assembled his forces.[8]

Also in 26 December 1618 Banten Sultanate send the 2,000-3,000 troops to Jayakarta by the Prince Ramanggala orders,the main objective of the arrival Banten forces in Jayakarta was the Banten attemps to expelled the VOC in Jayakarta,also Ramanggala established the new rules that the VOC cannot trade and open their lodges in Jayakarta,but with the arrival of Banten forces also unsettled Prince Jayakarta (the ruler of Jayakarta) Prince Jayakarta gave an demand, if the Dutch was leaved Jayakarta the English also leaved the Jayakarta. According to English company this conditions was marking the Prince Jayakarta want to split their relations with Banten and also this conditions pressed the English to do their actions in Jayakarta. While the 5 ships of Dutch company was leaving Jayakarta to avoid their conditions in Jayakarta.[9][10][7]

Storming of Fort Mauritius Huis

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Illustration of van den Broecke's detention by the Jakarta authorities, in a book by Francois Valentyn (1724).

On 10-14 January 1619 the English-Banten forces attacked the VOC fort in Jayakarta coast,after that the VOC retreated from Jayakarta to Jepara and Ambon. The VOC also sending the message to EIC for gaving the fairness of the family and VOC officials. And the VOC mentioned that the people living on the Fort Mauritius Huis was living in the worst conditions and also the VOC trusted the EIC the future of their people in fort has no assurance, this request was accepted by the EIC gave 200.000 Lire to their officials safety in two years. However the VOC respond this answer by attacking EIC fleets in Ambon.[11][12]And in 22 January 1619 the Bantenese forces led by Prince Jayakarta was leading his forces to kidnapped the VOC leaders on Jayakarta and they success to kidnapped the one of the VOC leaders in Jayakarta (Pieter Van Den Brock).[13]

Sieges of Fort Mauritius Huis

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On 29 January 1619 after the English-Banten forces stormed the VOC forts in Jayakarta coast,the Banten forces launched the blockade on the VOC forts but the English only helping the Banten forces by give their weapons to Banten forces. After in 4 days the VOC officials in the fort were surrendered to the English-Banten forces. Meanwhile in Cirebon Sultanate established their relations with EIC and opening their port to the EIC,also Cirebon choose Henry Boshvile as the leader of their post traders in Jepara.[14][12]

Capture of Lodge Nassau Huis

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On 1 March 1619 the English-Banten forces attacked the VOC lodges in the Jayakarta coast area, the attack divided in the two type forces: the navy and the ground forces,Banten forces with the help of EIC fleets captured the VOC lodges and factory in Jayakarta coast. They succeeded to captured many of the VOC spices and weaponry. Also the English freeing their captured forces. After the attacks the VOC castles were under sieges of the Banten-English forces and Prince Jayakarta gave his positions to Prince Ramanggala as the new ruler of Jayakarta.[15][16][17]

Aftermath

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Main article: Fall of Jayakarta

J.P Coen and his fleets bombarded the English fleets on Run (island) the base of EIC many of the pieces of Forts were destroyed by Coen fleets,after attacked the EIC fort the VOC fleets also attacked many of the EIC spices farms who under of the VOC canon range. After the attacks the VOC fleets delayed their Campaign in Banda islands and sailed to Jayakarta for launching the counter campaign on Jayakarta.[18]

After the raid on Run islands the Dutch decided to launched their counter-attacks on Jayakarta by attacking the Banten forces in the coast line of Jayakarta and captured their fort who under Banten hands,Jan Pieterszoon Coen launched the series of the brutal naval actions on Jayakarta by destructed the port of Jepara and hijacked many Chinese ships who wants to trade into the Jayakarta.[19][20]

References

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  1. ^ Valentijn, François, "Oud en Nieuw Oost-Indiën" (1724-1726)
  2. ^ [1] Afbeelding - AMH (Berkas AMH)
  3. ^ Sainsbury 1870, p. 216.
  4. ^ a b c Gregorius 2023, p. 12.
  5. ^ Sainsbury 1870, p. 217.
  6. ^ Sainsbury 1870, p. 221.
  7. ^ a b Fruin 1920, p. 79.
  8. ^ Agus 2023, p. 45.
  9. ^ Sainsbury 1870, p. 223.
  10. ^ Fruin 1920, p. 78.
  11. ^ Sainsbury 1870, pp. 235–237.
  12. ^ a b Gregorius 2023, p. 13.
  13. ^ Agus 2023, p. 46.
  14. ^ Sainsbury 1870, p. 245.
  15. ^ Sainsbury 1870, p. 252.
  16. ^ Sainsbury 1870, p. 253.
  17. ^ Sainsbury 1870, p. 254.
  18. ^ Sainsbury 1870, p. 258.
  19. ^ Furnivall 2010, p. 28-29.
  20. ^ Furnivall 2010, p. 30.

Citations

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  • Gregorius, Andika (2023-06-07). "Jejak Awal Imperium Inggris Di Asia:Kantor Dagang Inggris Di Banten 1602–1619" [The Beginning Of The British Imperium In Asia: English Trade Office In Banten 1602-1619]. research.gate.com.
  • Sainsbury, Noel (1870). Calendar of State Papers, Colonial Series, East Indies, China and Japan 1617-1621. London: Longman%co.
  • Fruin, Mees (1920). Geschiedenis van Java: De Mohammedaansche rijken tot de bevestiging van de macht der Compagnie. Commissie voor de Volkslectuur.
  • Agus, Ridianto (2023-04-07). "Batavia sebagai kota dagang" (PDF). Repository.uinjkt (in Indonesian).
  • Furnivall (2010). Netherlands India. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9781108011273.
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