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Jalud

Coordinates: 32°4′11″N 35°18′57″E / 32.06972°N 35.31583°E / 32.06972; 35.31583
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Jalud
Municipality type D (Village council)
Arabic transcription(s)
 • Arabicجاﻟﻭﺩ
Jalud
Jalud
Jalud is located in the West Bank
Jalud
Jalud
Location of Jalud within the West Bank
Jalud is located in State of Palestine
Jalud
Jalud
Location of Jalud within Palestine
Coordinates: 32°4′11″N 35°18′57″E / 32.06972°N 35.31583°E / 32.06972; 35.31583
Palestine grid179/164
StateState of Palestine
GovernorateNablus
Government
 • TypeVillage council
 • Head of MunicipalityAbdullah Tawfiq
Area
 • Total
16,517 dunams (16.5 km2 or 6.4 sq mi)
Population
 (2017)[1]
 • Total
743
 • Density45/km2 (120/sq mi)
Name meaningfrom personal name[2]
School in Jalud

Jalud (Arabic: جاﻟﻭﺩ) is a Palestinian village in the Nablus Governorate in the northern West Bank. It is approximately 30 kilometers (19 mi) south of Nablus and is situated just east of Qaryut, south of Qusra and northeast of Shilo, an Israeli settlement. Its land area consists of 16,517 dunams (square kilometers), 98 of which constitutes its built-up area.[3] Jalud is encircled by four illegal outposts: Esh Kodesh, Adi Ad, Ahiya and Shvut Rachel.[4] Jalud residents were blocked by both IDF forces and settlers from tending most of their farms from 2001 to 2007. In 2007 permission was given to farm their groves, twice a year for a few days, on condition that prior coordinating arrangements are made with the IDF.[4]

Location

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Jalud is located 17 kilometers (11 mi) south of Nablus (distance from the center of the village to the city center of Nablus). It is bordered by Duma to the east, Qusra and Talfit to the north, As Sawiya and Qaryut to the west, and Turmus Ayya to the south.[5]

History

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Potsherds from Iron Age II, Hellenistic, Byzantine, Umayyad, Crusader/Ayyubid and Mamluk eras have been found here.[6]

Jalud is mentioned as "Galuda of Aqraba" in a Jewish marriage certificate of "Elijah, son of Simeon", which was discovered in a cave at Wadi Murabba'at and is dated to 123 CE.[7][8] There's a possibility that merchants from this village had a court in Lod.[9][10]

Graves, excavated by Clermont-Ganneau in the early 1870s

Clermont-Ganneau noted several rock-hewn tombs SSW of the village. One he excavated had three arcosolia, and a fully working stone door.[11]

Ottoman era

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In 1596, Jalud appeared in Ottoman tax registers as being a village in the nahiya of Jabal Qubal in the liwa of Nablus. It had a population of 20 households, all Muslim. They paid a fixed tax rate of 33.3% on agricultural products, including wheat, barley, summer crops, olive trees, goats and beehives; a total of 22,070 akçe. All of the revenues went to a waqf.[12] Potsherds from the early Ottoman era have also been found here.[6]

In 1838 Jalud was counted as a Muslim village in the subdistrict of el-Beitawi, east of Nablus.[13]

In 1870 French explorer Victor Guérin visited the village, which he found to have about 300 inhabitants.[14] In 1882, the PEF's Survey of Western Palestine, (SWP), described Jalud as "a small village on low ground, with olives to the south".[15]

British Mandate era

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In the 1922 census of Palestine conducted by the British Mandate authorities, Jalud had a population of 145 Muslims,[16] increasing in the 1931 census to 225, still all Muslim, in 52 houses.[17]

In the 1945 statistics the population had increased to 300 Muslims,[18] while the total land area was 15,815 dunams, according to an official land and population survey.[19] Of this, 457 dunams were allocated for plantations and irrigable land, 6,838 for cereals,[20] while 24 dunams were classified as built-up (urban) areas.[21]

Jordanian era

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In the wake of the 1948 Arab–Israeli War, and after the 1949 Armistice Agreements, Jalud came under Jordanian rule. It was annexed by Jordan in 1950.

The Jordanian census of 1961 found 290 inhabitants.[22]

Post-1967

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"Let us handle them." Graffiti spray-painted in Hebrew by Israeli settlers on the wall of a home in Jalud, 2018

Since the Six-Day War in 1967, Jalud has been under Israeli occupation.

In 2017, Jalud's population was 743 according to the Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics (PCBS).[1] There were 91 non-residential buildings, 94 houses and five business establishments in the village. The average household size was 5.5 persons.[23] According to Jalud's mayor, the village experiences high unemployment and migration due to land confiscation by Israel and sporadic violence from nearby Israeli settlements,[24] which for 10 years has impeded villagers' access to their groves.[25]

  • On 9 February 2011, Israeli settlers from Ahiya, a nearby settlement outpost, attacked Jalud, demanding residents evacuate their houses. Israeli police arrived following clashes between the settlers and Palestinian residents, dispersing the former using tear gas and stun grenades.[24]
  • On October 21, 2011, while international activists and Combatants for Peace assisted the Jalud villagers in reclaiming their harvests, a group of 4 armed and masked men from Esh Kodesh, a satellite outpost, confronted them yelling that they must get off what the group asserted was outpost land. They then threw a stun grenade and fired in the direction of the harvesters, some of whom were then clubbed. According to the testimony of Israeli eyewitnesses, the IDF and Border Police present did not intervene, other than to fire more tear gas grenades at the harvesters and wounded. A formal complaint was laid. Follow-up checks by the Israeli NGO Yesh Din over several months indicate that a police investigation is "ongoing".[25]
  • On 9 October 2013, Israeli arsonists, apparently from the nearby outposts, intruded into the Jalud elementary school, hurled rocks and damaged 5 cars belonging to the teaching body. They then set fire to the village's olive groves, damaging some 400 trees. A settler website vindicated the attack as a reprisal for the dismantlement of another illegal outpost, Givat Geulat Zion, carried out by the IDF that morning. Three youths from Adi Ad were subsequently arrested on suspicion of involvement, but local Palestinian eyewitnesses have stated that the assailants, some 20, did not appear to be minors.[4]
  • In 2017, Fawzi Ibrahim reported waited two months for getting access to his lands, and then having only 2 days to plow and plant. Muhammad Muqbil reported that he had olive trees stolen by settlers, and needed help from Rabbis for Human Rights to get access to his lands.[26][27]

Olive groves

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In her 2009 publication entitled Tree Flags, legal scholar and ethnographer Irus Braverman describes how Palestinians identify olive groves as "their symbol of their longtime agricultural connection to the land."[28]: 1 [29][30]

Settler violence

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In April 2022, Haaretz reported that Jewish settlers from the nearby illegal outposts that encircle the town promoted attacks with firebombs in Jalud, torching cars and house yards, in what the Israeli newspaper classified as a "pogrom", "flaunt evil" and "settler terror".[31]

References

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  1. ^ a b Preliminary Results of the Population, Housing and Establishments Census, 2017 (PDF). Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics (PCBS) (Report). State of Palestine. February 2018. pp. 64–82. Retrieved 2023-10-24.
  2. ^ Palmer, 1881, p. 253
  3. ^ Land confiscated for settlement protection Qarut and Jalud Villages Archived 2007-01-13 at the Wayback Machine. Applied Research Institute-Jerusalem. 2006-08-26. Retrieved on 2012-02-21.
  4. ^ a b c Amira Hass, 'Israelis attack school in Palestinian village, torch olive groves,' at Haaretz 10 October 2013
  5. ^ Qaryut Village Profile (including Jalud Locality), ARIJ, p. 4
  6. ^ a b Finkelstein et al., 1997, pp. 665-666
  7. ^ Klein, E, 2009, "Jewish Settlement in the Toparchy of Acraba during the Second Temple Period - The Archaeological Evidence", in: Y. Eshel (ed.), Judea and Samaria Research Studies, Volume 18, Ariel, pp. 177-200 (Hebrew).
  8. ^ Eshel, Hanan; Zissu, Boaz (2019). THE BAR KOKHBA REVOLT (1 ed.). Jerusalem: Yad Izhak Ben-Zvi. pp. 154–157. ISBN 978-965-217-429-1.
  9. ^ Tosefta Eruv. 9:2
  10. ^ Finkelstein et al., 1997, pp. 665-666, citing Ze'ev Safrai
  11. ^ Clermont-Ganneau, 1896, p. 304
  12. ^ Hütteroth and Abdulfattah, 1977, p. 137.
  13. ^ Robinson and Smith, 1841, vol 3, p. 83, 2nd appendix p. 128
  14. ^ Guérin, 1875, p. 19
  15. ^ Conder and Kitchener, 1882, SWP II, p. 386
  16. ^ Barron, 1923, Table IX, p. 25
  17. ^ Mills, 1932, p. 62
  18. ^ Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics, 1945, p. 18
  19. ^ Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. Village Statistics, April, 1945. Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. 60
  20. ^ Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. Village Statistics, April, 1945. Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. 106
  21. ^ Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. Village Statistics, April, 1945. Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. 156
  22. ^ Government of Jordan, Department of Statistics, 1964, p. 25
  23. ^ 2007 PCBS census Archived 2010-12-10 at the Wayback Machine. Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics (PCBS). 2008. Retrieved on 2012-02-21.
  24. ^ a b Armed settlers attack West Bank village Archived 2014-11-02 at the Wayback Machine. Ma'an News Agency. 2011-02-09. Retrieved on 2012-02-21.
  25. ^ a b Amira Hass, 'Eight months after bloody olive harvest battle, still no justice in sight,' at Haaretz, 22 August 2012.
  26. ^ Small farmers struggle worldwide, but Palestinian farmers really have it rough, Anne-Marie O'Connor, 21 March 2017, The Washington Post
  27. ^ A shadowy edict of Israeli occupation, Amira Hass, Feb. 15, 2017, Haaretz
  28. ^ Planted Flags: Trees, Land, and Law in Israel/Palestine (PDF). Yale Agrarian Studies Colloquium. Buffalo, New York. 28 September 2010. p. 54. Archived from the original (PDF) on 31 January 2013. Retrieved 23 January 2015.
  29. ^ Staton, Bethan (21 January 2015). "The deep roots of the Palestine-Israel conflict: Palestinians have tended olive groves for decades, but Israelis are staking a claim by planting their own trees". Israel/Palestine. Retrieved 23 January 2015.
  30. ^ Braverman, Irus (2009). Planted Flags: Trees, Land, and Law in Israel/Palestine. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0521760027.
  31. ^ "Settlers With Firebombs Descend on a Palestinian Village at Night, Torching Cars". Haaretz. Retrieved 2022-04-02.

Bibliography

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