Iuput II
| Iuput II | |
|---|---|
 Plaque of Iuput II. Third intermediate period, c. 754-720/715 BC, in the Brooklyn Museum in New York City | |
| Pharaoh | |
King of Leontopolis | |
| Consort | Tent-kat? |
Iuput II (also spelled Auput II) was a ruler of Leontopolis, in the Nile Delta region of Lower Egypt, who reigned during the 8th century BC, in the late Third Intermediate Period.
Reign
[edit]He was an ally of Tefnakht of Sais who resisted the invasion of Lower Egypt by the Kushite king Piye.[1] Iuput II ruled during a chaotic time of the Third Intermediate Period when several kings controlled Lower Egypt, including Osorkon IV at Bubastis and prince Tefnakht at Sais.
Year 21 of Iuput II is attested on a stela from Mendes.[2] The respected British Egyptologist Kenneth Kitchen states that this dated stela which features the great chief of the Ma Smendes, son of Harnakht and ruler of Mendes, bears Iuput's name but lacks his royal name or prenomen.[3] However, the clear Lower Egyptian provenance of the stela can be associated with several monuments that name "a king Usermaatre Setepenamun (var. Setepenre), Iuput Si-Bast, from the Delta" which means Iuput II's throne name was Usermaatre-setepen-amun/re.[3] The Year 21 stela of Iuput II was fully published in 1982.[4]
After Piye defeated Tefnakht's coalition and conquered Lower Egypt around Year 20 of his reign, the Nubian king permitted Iuput II to remain in power as a local governor of Leontopolis according to his Victory Stela from Jebel Barkal.[5]
Monuments
[edit]The Mendesian stela of Iuput II is dated to his 21st year. Other monuments or objects from his reign include "a statue-base of Usimare Setepenamun, Iuput Meryamun Si-Bast from Tell el Yahudieh, a glazed plaque (see picture) now in the Brooklyn Museum, and a bronze door-hinge...from Tell Moqdam (Leontopolis) bearing identical titles of the king along with [a] mention of the Chief Queen, Tent-kat [...] and some obscure epithets."[6]
Iuput II's archaising plaque
[edit]The Brooklyn Museum plaque is peculiar because it depicts Iuput II in a style which differs a lot from the standards of the Third Intermediate Period: instead of having a long-legged, slender figure, Iuput is shorter and more muscular, a proportion which is reminiscent of the Old Kingdom art.[7][8] For this reason, the plaque has been considered proof that the archaising tendencies which were believed to have originated in Nubia and spread in Egypt during the 25th Dynasty, are in fact earlier and originating from the Delta, with Kushite (and later Saite) artists merely adopting an already existing trend.[9][10]
References
[edit]- ^ Nicolas Grimal, A History of Ancient Egypt, Blackwell Books, 1992. p.331
- ^ Jürgen von Beckerath, Chronologie des Pharaonischen Ägypten, Mainz, (1997), p.96
- ^ a b K.A. Kitchen, "The Third Intermediate Period in Egypt (c.1100–650 BC)," 3rd edition, 1996. Aris & Phillips Ltd. p.542
- ^ J. Chappaz, Geneva 30 (1982), pp.71–81
- ^ Grimal, p.339
- ^ Kitchen, pp.124–125 Note: Kitchen states on page 542 that in the first 1972 edition of his TIPE book, he had opted to attribute these objects and the stela "to Iuput I, as being potentially the more important ruler of the two Iuputs, through his association with the founder of the Dynasty (ie. Pedubast I). However, later studies have shown that the opposite solution is preferable, i.e. that [the] monuments...with the Usimare prenomen probably belong to Iuput II, not I. In 1975, I also changed over to that option (CdE 52(1977), 42–44, and cf. foreword to Bierbrier, LNKE, 1975, p.x)"
- ^ Robins, Gay (1994). Proportion and style in ancient Egyptian art. Austin: University of Texas Press. pp. 256–257.
- ^ Robins, Gay (1997). The Art of Ancient Egypt. London: British Museum Press. pp. 210–212. ISBN 0714109886.
- ^ Redford, Donald B. (1986). Pharaonic king-lists, annals and day-books: a contribution to the study of the Egyptian sense of history. Mississauga: Benben Publications. pp. 328–329. ISBN 0920168078.
- ^ Leahy, Anthony (1992). "Royal Iconography and Dynastic Change, 750-525 BC: The Blue and Cap Crowns". The Journal of Egyptian Archaeology. 78: 238–239. doi:10.2307/3822074. ISSN 0307-5133. JSTOR 3822074.
Further reading
[edit]
- Brian Muhs, Partisan royal epithets in the late Third Intermediate Period and the dynastic affiliations of Pedubast I and Iuput II, JEA 84 (1998), 220–223