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Islamic State insurgency in the North Caucasus

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Islamic State insurgency in the North Caucasus
Part of the Russo-Caucasian conflict, post-Soviet conflicts, War against the Islamic State and the aftermath of the insurgency in the North Caucasus

Fire of the "Crocus City Hall" building after the terrorist attack perpetrated by the Islamic State
Date20 December 2017 – present
(7 years)
Location
North Caucasus, Russia (with spillover in other Russian territories) and northern Azerbaijan
Status Ongoing as a hit-and-run campaign
Belligerents

 Russia

 Azerbaijan

 Islamic State

Other Islamist groups and lone wolves

 al-Qaeda

Commanders and leaders
Former
Islamic State caliphs
Units involved
 Military of the Islamic State
Casualties and losses

53+ Russian security forces killed, 114+ wounded[a]

7 azeri soldiers killed, 1+ wounded[26]		 206 jihadists killed, 5 wounded[b]
166+ civilians killed, 578+ injured[c]
1 Russian soldier killed by a landmine explosion[35]

The Islamic State insurgency in the North Caucasus is ongoing terror activity of the Islamic State branch in the North Caucasus after the insurgency of the Caucasus Emirate.

History

[edit]

From 2015, during the Insurgency in the North Caucasus, after the series of killings of leaders of the Caucasus Emirate by the Russian army between 2013 and 2014, they led to the weakening of the terrorist organization, leaving several members of IS, veterans of the Syrian Civil War and the Civil War in Iraq, founded a Province of IS in the North Caucasus.[36] On 23 June 2015, IS's spokesman Abu Mohammad al-Adnani accepted these pledges and announced the creation of a new Wilayah, or Province, covering the North Caucasus region. Adnani named Asildarov as the IS leader of this area and called on other militants in the region to follow him.[37][38]

The first attack of the group occurred on a Russian military base in southern Dagestan on 2 September 2015.[39] In a video also released in September, Asildarov called on IS supporters in the Caucasus to join the fight there, rather than travel to Iraq and Syria.[40]

From 2015 to 2017, the group made other attacks on civilians and the security fources, causing more than 180 deaths.[41] By the end of 2017, a lot of the subversive and terrorist groups operating in North Caucasus were eliminated and the insurgency in the North Caucasus was officially declared over on 19 December of the same year, when FSB Director Alexander Bortnikov announced the final elimination of the insurgent underground in the North Caucasus.[42][43]

After this, the Caucasus Emirate and the IS Caucasus Province were disbanded, leaving a lot of underground groups to continue the insurgency. From the end of the insurgency in the North Caucasus, one of the most violent terrorist attack perpetrated by the Islamic State in Russia was the mass shooting into a church in Kizlyar on 18 February 2018 causing six deaths (including the perpetrator) and 4 injuries.[44]

On 21 April 2018, in a clash between Russian security forces and IS, nine IS militants were killed in Dagestan.[45]

On 20 August 2018, IS launched attacks in Chechnya, injuring a number of policemen; five suspected IS members were killed.[46]

On 31 December 2018, an apartment block collapse in Magnitogorsk, Chelyabinsk Oblast, Russia. The collapse, claimed by IS-CP but later denied, killed 39 people and injured 17 more.[47] On 24 January 2019, IS attacked a police post, leaving four IS members killed and one policeman injured in Kabardino-Balkaria.[48]

On 1 July 2019, IS claimed responsibility for an attack on a police officer at a checkpoint in the Achkhoy-Martonovsky district of Chechnya, who was stabbed to death. The attacker was shot and killed as he threw a grenade at other officers.[49]

On 20 January 2021, Aslan Byutukayev, also known as Emir Khamzat and Abubakar, a Chechen insurgent commander of the Islamic State, was killed alongside five other IS militants in a special operation launched by the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Chechnya in Katyr-Yurt, Chechnya; four soldiers were injured.[50] The regime of counter-terrorist operations (CTO), a special legal regime that is applied in Russia in case of terrorist threats, began in Ingushetia from 3 April 2023 due to attacks by IS jihadists against Russian security forces.[51] The clashes resulted in 5 deaths, three Russian soldiers and two jihadists, 11 wounded Russian soldiers and two captured jihadists.[52]

On 2 March 2024, six gunmen and a civilian, alongside with 3 policemen injureds, were killed in a shoot-out with the police in Karabulak in the Russian republic of Ingushetia. The Russian authorities claimed that the men were associated with the Islamic State.[53][54]

On 22 March 2024, four Tajik IS–K gunmen launched an attack on a concert hall and shopping mall in Krasnogorsk, Russia, with rifles and incendiaries, killing 145 and marking the group's first attack beyond Afghanistan's neighbors.[55][56]

On 22 April 2024, suspected IS gunmen attacked a Russian police patrol in the town of Karachayevsk in Russia’s North Caucasus republic of Karachayevo-Cherkessia, killing 2 police officers and wounding a third, in addition to seizing their service weapons (a pistol and rifle) and some ammunition.[57]

On 28 April 2024, suspected IS gunmen attacked a Russian police post in the village of Mara-Ayagy of the Karachay-Cherkess Republic, driving up to the police post before throwing explosives and opening fire, killing 2 police officer and wounding at least 4 others. All of the attackers were allegedly killed during the attack.[58]

O 16 June 2024, six Islamic State-linked detainees abducted two Russian prison staff at a detention centre in Rostov. Five assailants were later shot dead by Russian security forces and one captured and the two prison staff were freed.[59][60]

On 23 June 2024, at least five suspected Islamic militants carried out a series of coordinated attacks targeting a church and synagogue in Dagestan, killing 17 police officers and five civilians before being killed.[61] Two sons and a nephew of Magomed Omarov, the head of Dagestan's Sergokalinsky District, were identified as some of the perpetrators.[62]

On 23 August 2024, four Islamic State-linked prisoners took over the Surovikino penal colony in Volgograd Oblast killing nine prison staff. The prisoners took hostages and demanded a ransom from the Russian state. Forces of the Russian national guard were deployed and all four prisoners were shot dead by Russian snipers.[63][64]

On 3 September 2024, a man with a screwdriver attacked traffic police inspectors at the entrance to Magas, the capital of Ingushetia. One inspector was wounded; the attacker was shot dead.[65]

On 30 September 2024, Russian security forces have conducted an operation to detain residents of Ingushetia who, according to the Russian FSB (Federal Security Service), had been preparing sabotage acts at energy facilities and attacks on law enforcers. Seven suspects were detained, while the eighth one offered armed resistance and was shot dead.[66]

On 11 October, in Ingushetia, one policeman and two of his relatives were killed in a car shelling. The car in which the attackers were traveling was found burned in North Ossetia.[67]

On 24 October, in Grozny, Chechnya, a surprise attack by militants killed one russian soldier and injured another.[68]

Spillover in Azerbaijan

[edit]

On 2 July 2019, as part of a series of videos showing supporters and fighters of IS around the world renewing their pledge of allegiance to IS, a video was published from Azerbaijan featuring three fighters armed with Kalashnikov style rifles pledging their allegiance to Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi. The video was formally released by IS, without explicitly referring it to a Wilayah.[69]

4 months later, after al-Baghdadi's death on 27 October 2019, Abu Ibrahim al-Hashimi al-Qurashi received pledges of allegiance (bayah) from various provinces and regions, with photos of fighters from Azerbaijan pledging allegiance to him, on 29 November.[70]

On 19 September, 2024, the Islamic State claimed its first-ever attack in Azerbaijan, via its weekly Al-Naba newsletter, claiming to have killed 7 Azeri security personnel and wounded 1 in a clash in Qusar district, Northern Azerbaijan, five days prior; one IS militant was killed.[71][72]

Human rights violations

[edit]

The rebels have committed extensive war crimes, targeting and murdering civilians on many occasions during the insurgency. [73] The Russian government also perpetrated war crimes. On 21 January 2023, a man died in Makhachkala, shortly after being detained by police, killed by policemen during interrogation over an armed conflict in Makhachkala.[74] A short video on Telegram allegedly showed one of the Crocus City attackers being tortured by FSB agents, who cut off his ear and forced him to eat it.[75]

List of clashes in the North Caucasus

[edit]

Casualties

[edit]
Year Killed Injured Ref.
2017 1 13 [27][34]
2018 82 26 [12]
2019 32 13 [13][14][15][16]
2020 45 11 [28][17][18][19]
2021 20 10 [20][29][30][31]
2022 6 0 [32][21]
2023 15 13 [22][23][24]
2024 232 614+ [25][4][33][57][76][77]
Total 432 705+

See also

[edit]

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^ 7 killed and 23 wounded in 2018,[12] 4 killed and 10 wounded in 2019,[13][14][15][16] 4 killed and 11 wounded in 2020,[17][18][19] 8 wounded in 2021,[20] 1 killed in 2022,[21] 3 killed and 11 wounded in 2023,[22][23][24] 34 killed and 51 wounded in 2024[25][4]
  2. ^ 1 killed in 2017,[27] 65 killed in 2018,[12] 26 killed and 1 wounded in 2019,[13][14][15][16] 41 killed in 2020,[28][17][18][19] 19 killed and 1 wounded in 2021,[20][29][30][31] 5 killed in 2022,[32][21] 12 killed and 1 wounded in 2023,[22][23][24] 37 killed and 2 wounded in 2024[25][4][1][33]
  3. ^ 13 injured in 2017,[34] 10 killed and 3 injured in 2018,[12] 2 injured in 2019,[13][15] 1 killed and 1 injured in 2021,[20] 1 injured in 2023,[24] 154 killed and 558 injured in 2024

References

[edit]
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  3. ^ "Террористы, напавшие на полицейских в Ингушетии, перед штурмом вступили в ИГ" [Terrorists that attacked police in Ingushetia joined IS before the assault]. EurAsia Daily (in Russian). 3 September 2023. Archived from the original on 3 September 2023. Retrieved 17 February 2024.
  4. ^ a b c d "Банду террористов приютили воры". Kommersant (in Russian). 4 March 2024. Retrieved 4 March 2024.
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  6. ^ "В атаке на грозненский храм участвовал малгобекский джамаат" [The Malgobek Jamaat took part in the attack on the Grozny temple]. Kommersant (in Russian). 20 May 2018. Archived from the original on 26 March 2022. Retrieved 17 February 2024.
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  19. ^ a b c "Жертвами конфликта на Северном Кавказе в IV квартале 2020 года стали 26 человек" [In the fourth quarter of 2020, 26 people became victims of the armed conflict in the North Caucasus]. Caucasian Knot (in Russian). 7 November 2020. Archived from the original on 26 May 2022. Retrieved 17 February 2024.
  20. ^ a b c d "В ходе вооруженного конфликта на Северном Кавказе в 1 квартале 2021 года пострадали 19 человек" [During the armed conflict in the North Caucasus in the first quarter of 2021, 19 people were harmed]. Caucasian Knot (in Russian). 5 April 2021. Archived from the original on 9 January 2023. Retrieved 17 February 2024.
  21. ^ a b c "В IV квартале 2022 в ходе вооруженного конфликта на Северном Кавказе погибли 4 человека" [During the armed conflict in the North Caucasus in the fourth quarter of 2022, 4 people were killed]. Caucasian Knot (in Russian). 5 January 2023. Archived from the original on 14 September 2023. Retrieved 17 February 2024.
  22. ^ a b c "В I квартале 2023 в ходе вооруженного конфликта на Северном Кавказе погибли 7 человек" [During the armed conflict in the North Caucasus in the first quarter of 2022, 7 people were killed]. Caucasian Knot (in Russian). 5 April 2023. Archived from the original on 17 January 2024. Retrieved 17 February 2024.
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  24. ^ a b c d "В ходе вооруженного конфликта на Северном Кавказе в IV квартале 2023 года погиб один и ранено трое человек" [During the armed conflict in the North Caucasus in the fourth quarter of 2023, one person was killed and another three wounded]. Caucasian Knot (in Russian). 5 January 2024. Archived from the original on 17 January 2024. Retrieved 17 February 2024.
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