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Iris kolpakowskiana

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Iris kolpakowskiana
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Monocots
Order: Asparagales
Family: Iridaceae
Genus: Iris
Subgenus: Iris subg. Hermodactyloides
Section: Iris sect. Monolepsis
Species:
I. kolpakowskiana
Binomial name
Iris kolpakowskiana
Synonyms[1]
  • Alatavia kolpakowskiana (Regel) Rodion.
  • Iridodictyum kolpakowskianum (Regel) Rodion.
  • Xiphion kolpakowskianum (Regel) Baker
Botanical illustration

Iris kolpakowskiana, or Kolpakowski's iris,[2] is a plant species in the genus Iris, it is classified in the subgenus Hermodactyloides and section Monolepsis. It is a bulbous perennial from Asia.

Description

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It has a bulb covered with a densely reticulate fibrous tunics.[3]

It has 3–4 leaves,[3] which are similar to many irises of the genus Scorpiris, although it has only a few leaves at flowering time.[4]

They are 3.5–11 cm (1.4–4.3 in) long,[3] and can increase up to 30 cm (12 in) later after flowering.[4] They are 0.2 cm wide and ribbed on the underside.[3]

It has a very short stem, green spathes (leaves of the flower bud) and perianth tube 5–9 cm (2.0–3.5 in) long.[3]

It blooms in late winter,[5] between March,[6] and April.[3]

The flowers are bi-tone (2 coloured),[7] they come in purple shades, from reddish-violet,[7] lilac-violet,[3][8] pale lilac to pale purple.[5]

Like other irises, it has 2 pairs of petals, 3 large sepals (outer petals), known as the 'falls' and 3 inner, smaller petals (or tepals), known as the 'standards'.[9]: 17  The falls are lanceolate shaped, 3.5–4 cm (1.4–1.6 in) long.[3] They are dark violet, purple,[3] or dark reddish purple,[5] with a yellow,[3] or yellow orange ridge.[5][7] The standards are obovate or oblanceolate shaped and 3.5–5 cm (1.4–2.0 in) long.[3]

It has stamens with filaments that are 0.5–0.9 cm long.[3]

After the iris has flowered, it produces a cylindrical with a short beak seed capsule.[3]

Biochemistry

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As most irises are diploid, having two sets of chromosomes, this can be used to identify hybrids and classification of groupings.[9]: 18  It was counted as 2n=20.[7][3]

Taxonomy

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It is pronounced as (Iris) EYE-ris (kolpakowskiana) kol-pa-kow-skee-AY-nuh.[2] It is sometimes known as 'Kolpakowski's Iris'.[2]

It is sometimes mis-spelt as Iris kolpakowskyana. It was named after the first Russian military Governor of Semirechye Oblast in modern Kazakhstan Gerasim Alexeevich Kolpakovsky [Wikidata].[10][11][12] See also Sun Tulip or Kolpakowski Tulip.[13]

The iris was first described by Eduard August von Regel in the Botanical Magazine No.6489 in 1880.[5][14]

Iris kolpakowskiana is now an accepted name by the RHS,[15] and was verified by United States Department of Agriculture and the Agricultural Research Service on 2 October 2014.[16]

Distribution and habitat

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It is native to temperate Asia.[16]

Range

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It is found in the Tien Shan Mountains, Turkestan.[3][6][7] It is also found in Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan,[16] and Kyrgyzstan.[17]

Habitat

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It grows on the hillsides,[18] and open grassy slopes,[3] in wet sticky clay that dries out in summer.[19]

It is normally found at 800–3,000 m (2,600–9,800 ft) above sea level,[18] near the melting snowline.[3]

Conservation

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It was on the 1997 IUCN Red List of Threatened Plants.[20]

References

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  1. ^ "Iris kolpakowskiana Regel". theplantlist.org. 23 March 2012. Retrieved 31 October 2014.
  2. ^ a b c "PlantFiles: Kolpakowski's Tulip". davesgarden.com. Retrieved 24 July 2014.
  3. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q British Iris Society (1997) A Guide to Species Irises: Their Identification and Cultivation, p. 282, at Google Books
  4. ^ a b Cassidy, G.E.; Linnegar, S. (1987). Growing Irises (Revised ed.). Croom Helm. pp. 145–146. ISBN 9780709907060.
  5. ^ a b c d e Walters, Stuart Max (Editor) European Garden Flora: A Manual for the Identification of Plants Cultivated, p. 354, at Google Books
  6. ^ a b Richard Lynch The Book of the Iris, p. 164, at Google Books
  7. ^ a b c d e Kramb, D. (25 September 2004). "Iris aphylla". signa.org (Species Iris Group of North America). Retrieved 18 February 2018.
  8. ^ Lyte, Charles (17 March 2001). "In focus: iris reticulata". Daily Telegraph. Retrieved 18 February 2018.
  9. ^ a b Austin, Claire (2005). Irises; A Garden Encyclopedia. Timber Press. ISBN 0-88192-730-9.
  10. ^ Foster, Prof. Michael (3 May 1892). "Bulbous Irises". Retrieved 16 July 2014.
  11. ^ "All results for Kolpakowski in Newspaper Archive". myheritage.com. Retrieved 24 July 2014.
  12. ^ "Победа казаков и казахов". Archived from the original on 2016-02-05. Retrieved 2015-05-22.
  13. ^ "Kolpakowski Tulip, aka Sun Tulip". www.paghat.com. Retrieved 24 July 2014.
  14. ^ "Iridaceae Iris kolpakowskiana Regel". ipni.org (International Plant Names Index). Retrieved 31 October 2014.
  15. ^ "Iris kolpakowskiana". www.rhs.org.uk. Retrieved 31 October 2014.
  16. ^ a b c "Iris kolpakowskiana". Germplasm Resources Information Network. Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture. Retrieved 22 August 2015.
  17. ^ Sasha W. Eisenman, David E. Zaurov, Lena Struwe Medicinal Plants of Central Asia: Uzbekistan and Kyrgyzstan: Uzbekistan and Kyrgyzstan, p. 5, at Google Books
  18. ^ a b "Iris kolpakowskiana". www.alpinegardensociety.net. 2013. Retrieved 24 July 2014.
  19. ^ "Reticulata Irises". www.pacificbulbsociety.org. 11 May 2014. Retrieved 14 July 2014.
  20. ^ Kerry Scott Walter, Harriet J. Gillett (Editors) 1997 IUCN Red List of Threatened Plants, p. 679, at Google Books

Other sources

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  • Czerepanov, S. K. 1995. Vascular plants of Russia and adjacent states (the former USSR). (referred to as Iridodictyum kolpakowskianum (Regel) Rodion)
  • Komarov, V. L. et al., eds. 1934–1964. Flora SSSR.
  • Mathew, B. 1981. The Iris. 177.
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