The Irbzer Formation is a geological formation located in Morocco in the area of Fes-Boulmane of latest Cretaceous (Maastrichtian) to Paleocene age. The lower section of this formation consists of yellowish, cross-bedded calcareous sandstone containing shark teeth, while the layer above comprises phosphatic marls with vertebrate bone beds, including dinosaur remains.[1]
The formation reflects a shallow marine to lagoonal setting, transitioning from fine sands to marls and limestones. The presence of marine organisms, including bivalves and gastropods, along with phosphatic layers containing fish remains, indicates periodic marine incursions, with intermittent lagoonal or nearshore conditions.[4] Oxidation and sedimentary discontinuities suggest episodes of exposure or subaerial erosion. The overall environment was likely a shallow, low-energy, marginal marine setting with occasional deeper marine influences.[4] No planktonic foraminifera are present, and the few benthic foraminifera offer limited ecological insights. However, ostracodes, though poorly preserved, are more abundant and provide significant information about the environment. The ostracode assemblage including indicates a shallow (0–20 m), oligohaline, moderately alkaline, and relatively warm limnic environment, likely permanent and near the shoreline, as suggested by the presence of isolated dinosaur teeth and eggshell fragments in these layers.[4][5]
