Iothia emarginuloides

Iothia emarginuloides
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Mollusca
Class:	Gastropoda
Subclass:	Patellogastropoda
Superfamily:	Lottioidea
Family:	Lepetidae
Genus:	Iothia
Species:	I. emarginuloides
Binomial name
	Iothia emarginuloides; (Philippi, 1868)
Synonyms
	Iothia antarctica (E.A. Smith, 1907); Iothia coppingeri (E.A. Smith, 1881); Iothia coppingeri magellanica Linse, 2002; Iothia fulviformis (Egorova, 1972); Lepeta antarctica E. A. Smith, 1907; Lepeta coppingeri (E. A. Smith, 1881); Patella emarginuloides Philippi, 1868; Pilidium coppingeri (E. A. Smith, 1881); Pilidium fulviformis Egorova, 1972; Tectura (Pilidium) coppingeri E. A. Smith, 1881; Tectura coppingeri E. A. Smith, 1881;

Iothia emarginuloides is a species of sea snail, a true limpet, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Lepetidae, one of the families of true limpets. This species was previously known as Iothia coppingeri.

Taxonomy

The type specimens of I. emarginuloides (Philippi, 1868) and I. coppingeri (E.A. Smith, 1881) are very similar in morphology, and were collected only 400 km (250 mi) apart; as long ago as 1908 this led to the recognition that they were probably the same species. Despite this, they continued to be treated as two separate species until 2011, when Nakano et al. researched the genus and brought them into synonymy. I. emarginuloides was described before I. coppingeri,^[2] so by the rules of zoological nomenclature, the earlier name took priority.^[3]

Description

I. emarginuloides is a small, broadly ovate, cap-shaped limpet, with a length of about 5.5 mm (0.22 in) and width of 4.5 mm (0.18 in). The apex of the shell is towards the anterior end, and is rather acute, but does not curl over. The shell is thin, and has fine sculptured lines radiating from the apex which formed the basis for the species' descriptive name, emarginuloides, "as if minutely emarginate, or finely notched". There are also irregular, concentric growth rings. The margin is smooth apart from the fine crenelations produced by the radial sculpture. The shell is a "dirty white" colour, with a few greyish concentric bands.^[4] Although limpets in the family Lepetidae are commonly known as "blind limpets", both this species and the closely related Iothia fulva have small, black-pigmented eyes, situated close to the base of the tentacles.^[2]

Distribution

I. emarginuloides is known from Antarctica (the Weddell Sea) and southern Chile.^[5] Its distribution is probably circum-Antarctic, with its known range extending from the Kerguelen Islands to the Strait of Magellan area.^[6] All records are from water shallower than 2,500 m (8,200 ft).^[4] It is the commonest animal found living on the red alga Phyllophora antarctica under the sea ice in the vicinity of the Vestfold Hills, Antarctica.^[7]

References

^ ^a ^b Bouchet, Philippe (2011). "Iothia emarginuloides (Philippi, 1868)". WoRMS. World Register of Marine Species. Retrieved 15 August 2017.
^ ^a ^b Waren, Anders; Nakano, Tomoyuki; Sellanes, Javier (2011). "A new species of Iothia (Gastropoda: Lepetidae) from Chilean methane seeps, with comments on the accompanying gastropod fauna". Nautilus. 125 (1): 1–14.
^ Khusboo Jain. "International Code of Zoological Nomenclature". Retrieved 29 August 2017.
^ ^a ^b "Iothia emarginuloides". Encyclopedia of Life. Retrieved 15 August 2017.
^ Ligia, Bagni. "Iothia emarginuloides". Worldwide mollusc species data base. Retrieved 15 August 2017.
^ van Mieghem, J.; van Oye, P. (2013). Biogeography and Ecology in Antarctica. Springer Science & Business Media. pp. 354–355. ISBN 978-94-015-7204-0.
^ Ferris, J.M.; Burton, H.R.; Johnstone, G.W.; Bayly, I.A.E. (2012). Biology of the Vestfold Hills, Antarctica: Proceedings of the symposium, Hobart, August 1984. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 147. ISBN 978-94-009-3089-6.

Linse K. (2002). The shelled Magellanic Mollusca: with special reference to biogeography relations in the Southern Ocean. Theses Zoologicae. 34: 1–252
Warén A., Nakano T. & Sellanes J. (2011) A new species of Iothia (Gastropoda: Lepetidae) from Chilean methane seeps, with comments on the accompanying gastropod fauna. The Nautilus 125(1): 1-14
Engl, W. (2012). Shells of Antarctica. Hackenheim: Conchbooks. 402 pp.
Güller M. & Zelaya D.G. (2016). Species of Iothia (Gastropoda: Lepetidae) from shallow waters of the Magellan Region. Malacologia. 59(2): 321–330.

[WoRMS-1] Bouchet, Philippe (2011). "Iothia emarginuloides (Philippi, 1868)". WoRMS. World Register of Marine Species. Retrieved 15 August 2017.

[Waren-2] Waren, Anders; Nakano, Tomoyuki; Sellanes, Javier (2011). "A new species of Iothia (Gastropoda: Lepetidae) from Chilean methane seeps, with comments on the accompanying gastropod fauna". Nautilus. 125 (1): 1–14.

[3] Khusboo Jain. "International Code of Zoological Nomenclature". Retrieved 29 August 2017.

[EoL-4] "Iothia emarginuloides". Encyclopedia of Life. Retrieved 15 August 2017.

[5] Ligia, Bagni. "Iothia emarginuloides". Worldwide mollusc species data base. Retrieved 15 August 2017.

[6] van Mieghem, J.; van Oye, P. (2013). Biogeography and Ecology in Antarctica. Springer Science & Business Media. pp. 354–355. ISBN 978-94-015-7204-0.

[Ferris-7] Ferris, J.M.; Burton, H.R.; Johnstone, G.W.; Bayly, I.A.E. (2012). Biology of the Vestfold Hills, Antarctica: Proceedings of the symposium, Hobart, August 1984. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 147. ISBN 978-94-009-3089-6.

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