International Radiotelegraph Convention (1912)
The second International Radiotelegraph Convention met in London, England in 1912. It adopted international maritime radio communication standards that updated the ones approved by the first International Radiotelegraph Convention held in Berlin in 1906. The new Convention was signed on July 5, 1912, and became effective on July 1, 1913.[1]
Convention actions
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The convention was scheduled before the Titanic disaster but met shortly after, and the sinking was an important factor in the deliberations. Thirty-seven delegations attended. Unlike the previous Convention, there were no objections to the idea of compulsory intercommunication, and the Marconi Company announced that it had ended its policy of, outside of emergencies, only permitting its stations to communicate with other Marconi stations.
Significant additional new regulations were added to the international standards adopted at the 1906 Convention, including:
- Maintaining a continuous radio watch by certain ships.[2]
- Specification of compulsory "listening-in" periods for the first ten minutes of each hour, by ships not required to maintain constant watch.[2]
- A requirement that a ship's radio be capable of working for at least six hours without the ship's generator supply. If the ship's main radio did not fulfil this requirement, an auxiliary radio that did so should be installed.[3]
- A requirement that operators and apparatus be directly under the authority of the vessel's "commanding officer".[4]
- A requirement that all radio transmissions in the vicinity of a ship in distress be under the control of that ship.[5]
- Assigned a priority to the transmission of weather and time signals to ships upon request, with area ships required to refrain from transmitting during these transmissions.[6]
In addition, the delegates unanimously adopted a resolution that: "The International Radio-Telegraphic Conference having examined the measures to be taken with the view of preventing disasters at sea and of rendering assistance in such cases, expresses the opinion that, in the general interests of navigation, there should be imposed on certain classes of ships the obligation to carry a radio-telegraphic installation. As the Conference has no power to impose this obligation, it expresses the wish that the measures necessary to this end should be instituted by the Governments. The Conference finds it important, moreover, to ensure, as far as possible, uniformity in the arrangements to be adopted in the various countries to impose this obligation, and suggests to the Governments the desirability of an agreement between themselves with a view to the adoption of a uniform base for legislation."[7]
The Service Regulations of the 1906 Convention had specified that stations should be assigned call letters that "shall be distinguishable from one another and each must be formed of a group of three letters",[8] however no provisions were made for allocating call letter blocks among the various nations. Starting with the 1912 Convention, initial letters were allotted to the various signatories, including "A", "D" and "KAA–KCZ" to Germany and protectorates, "B", "G" and "M" to Great Britain plus "CAA–CMZ" to its associated jurisdictions, "F" and "UAA–UMZ" to France and its colonies, and "KDA–KZZ", "N" and "W" to the United States.[9]
A third International Radiotelegraph Convention, initially proposed to take place in 1917 but delayed until 1927, was held in Washington, DC, which adopted regulations which became effective on January 1, 1929.[10] The following countries were parties to the 1912 and 1927 conventions:
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ "Radio Conferences". History of ITU Portal. International Telecommunication Union.
- ^ a b "Service Regulations: Article XIII", London International Radiotelegraphic Convention (1912), page 14.
- ^ "Service Regulations: Article XI", London International Radiotelegraphic Convention (1912), page 13.
- ^ "Service Regulations: Article X", London International Radiotelegraphic Convention (1912), page 13.
- ^ "Service Regulations: Article XXI", London International Radiotelegraphic Convention (1912), page 17.
- ^ "Service Regulations: Article XLV", London International Radiotelegraphic Convention (1912), page 27.
- ^ Howeth, Linwood S (1963). "The Third International Radio Telegraphic Conference". History of Communications-Electronics in the United States. Washington, D.C.: United States Government Printing Office. pp. 164–165 – via HathiTrust Digital Library.
- ^ Article IV, "Service Regulations Annexed to the [Berlin, 1906] International Wireless Telegraph Convention".
- ^ Radio Call Letters (PDF). Washington, DC: United States Department of Commerce. 9 May 1913 – via Federal Communications Commission.
- ^ International Radiotelegraph Convention of Washington, 1927 (PDF). London: His Majesty's Stationery Office. 25 November 1927.
External links
[edit]- "Complete List of Radio Conferences". International Telecommunication Union.
- "London International Radiotelegraphic Convention". United States Department of Commerce. 8 May 1913 – via HathiTrust Digital Library.
- Todd, DW, Lt Cdr. "The International Radio Conference of London". Journal of the American Society of Naval Engineers (December 1912): 1328–1352 – via HathiTrust Digital Library.
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