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Chinese Indonesian surname

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Many ethnic Chinese people have lived in Indonesia for many centuries. Over time, especially under social and political pressure during the New Order era, most Chinese Indonesians have adopted names that better match the local language.[1]

History of Chinese Indonesian surnames

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Colonial era until 1965

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During the Dutch colonial era, the Dutch administration recorded Chinese names in birth certificates and other legal documents using an adopted spelling convention that was based primarily on the Hokkien (Southern Min), the language of the majority of Chinese immigrants in the Dutch East Indies. The administrators recorded the names using the nearest Dutch spelling derived from Hokkien words, which was simplified into Ejaan Lama (lit. 'old spelling').[2] A similar thing happened in the British Malaya, where the British administrators record the names using English spelling. The spellings of names in the British Malaya and the Dutch East Indies varied because English and Dutch employed distinct spellings for identical sounds. Furthermore, as Hokkien romanization standards did not exist then, some romanized names varied slightly.

Surname in Pinyin and Chinese Pe̍h-ōe-jī Jyutping British Malaya Dutch East Indies
Chén (陈) Tîn Can4 Chan, Chin, Tan Tan
Guō (郭) Keh, Kok Gwok3 Kok, Kuok, Quek Kwee, Kwek, Kwik, Que
Huáng (黄) Hông, N̂g, Ûiⁿ Wong4 Eng, Ooi, Ng, Uwi, Wee Oei, Oeij, Oey
Lǐ (李) Lí Lei5 Lee, Li Li, Lie
Liáng (梁) Liâng, Liông, Niô, Niû Loeng4 Leong Liang, Liong
Lín (林) Nâ, Lêm, Lîm Lam4 Lim, Ling Liem
Yáng (杨) Iâng, Iôⁿ, Iûⁿ Joeng4 Yeoh Jouw, Njoo
Zhāng (杨) Tiang, Tioⁿ, Tiuⁿ Zoeng1 Teoh Teh, Teo

The spelling convention survived through the Japanese occupation (1942–1945) well into Indonesian independence (1945) and sovereignty acknowledgment by the Dutch government (1949). Since the independent Indonesian government inherited the Dutch legal system, it also survived until 1965 in Sukarno's presidential era.

The Indonesian government later began changing Indonesian spelling to harmonize it with the spelling used for Malay in Malaysia, Singapore and Brunei,[3] first under the Ejaan Suwandi introduced in 1947, and again under Ejaan Yang Disempurnakan (lit. 'perfected spelling') adopted in 1972. Modifications were identified in this updated spelling system. For instance, the Dutch-influenced "oe" became "u", influenced by English. Additionally, the Dutch-style "j" underwent a shift to the English "y." Consequently, alterations in surname spellings occurred; for instance, the surname Lie became Li, Loe became Lu, Njoo became Nyoo, and Oei became Wi.

1966–1998

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After Suharto came to power, his regime created many anti-Chinese legislations in Indonesia. One of them was 127/U/Kep/12/1966 which strongly encouraged ethnic Chinese living in Indonesia to adopt Indonesian-sounding names instead of the standard three-word or two-word Chinese names.

Despite the Indonesianization, the Hokkien surnames are still used today by the Chinese-Indonesian diaspora overseas (mostly in the Netherlands, Germany, and the United States)—usually by Chinese-Indonesians courageous enough during Suharto's regime to keep their Chinese names (e.g. Kwik Kian Gie; 郭建义)—or by those who couldn't afford to process the name change through Indonesia's civil bureaucracy.

2000–present

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After Suharto resigned from the presidency, subsequent governments revoked the ban on the ethnic Chinese from speaking and learning Chinese in public. Using the original Chinese surnames is no longer a taboo but only a small minority have decided to re-adopt the original Hokkien names or to use the Mandarin Chinese pinyin romanization, pronunciation and spelling. For example, author Maria Audrey Lukito legally changed her name to Audrey Yu Jia Hui (俞佳慧).[4][5]

Individuals who retain their Indonesian names do it because they remain concerned about the persistence of racial issues, they believe non-Chinese speakers might struggle with pronunciations, it has become a habit from the New Order era, their family no longer speaks Chinese, they believe Chinese names are better when written in Hanzi, or they have never given it much thought.[6]

Presently, Chinese Indonesians born in the vicinity of the New Order era, particularly between 2000 and 2003, predominantly adopt Western-sounding names. While some of these names may be associated with religions like Christianity,[7] others choose Western names because they find them appealing and meaningful, they align with current trends, offer a diverse range of choices, are inspired by Western celebrities, reflect family traditions, showcase their exposure to Western cultures, symbolize aspirations for international recognition, or simply because they prefer names that don't sound Indonesian.[6]

Approaches to adopting Indonesian-sounding names

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There were various strategies that were employed to obtain an Indonesian-sounding name. Most names were Hokkien surname syllables with Western or Indonesian prefix or suffix, resulting in many exotic-sounding names. However, alternative methods were also present. Consequently, individuals with the same Chinese surname may adopt distinct Indonesian-sounding names.[1][8]

Furthermore, due to the absence of regulations in the past regarding the number of names in legal documents, some Chinese Indonesians might have had an Indonesian-sounding given name without an accompanying surname. This was only addressed in 2022 through Regulation of The Minister of Home Affairs Number 73 of 2022, which stipulated the necessity of having at least two names in one's legal name in Indonesia.

Adopting an Indonesian given name whilst retaining the Chinese surname

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One of the strategies to create an Indonesian name is to retain their Chinese surname as they are, but have an Indonesian-sounding given name. The placement of their Chinese surname can vary, adhering to either the Western or Chinese naming order. The most common method of adopting Indonesian-sounding names were to obtain a first name alongside an Indonesian surname with elements derived from their Chinese surname. In certain instances, the phonetic spelling of these surnames is utilized instead of their original spelling, likely to aid non-Chinese speakers in accurate pronunciation or reading of the names.

In cases where the western order is maintained, their surname is placed at the end of the name. For example, Sofyan Tan placed his surname Tan (陈) at the end of his name. Other individuals who used this approach include Clara Ng, Felix Siauw, Stephen Tong, and Warren Hue. An example of a phonetic-based spelling alteration is Teddy Yip, who altered the spelling of his surname Jap (叶) into Yip.

Conversely, individuals who adhered to Chinese naming customs positioned their surname at the beginning of their names. For example, Ong Yenny and Lie A. Dharmawan positioned their surnames Ong (王) and Lie (李), respectively, at the beginning of their full names. An instance of a phonetic spelling alteration is observed in Leo Suryadinata, who changed their respective surnames Liauw (廖) to Leo.

Adding Indonesian-sounding words to their Chinese surname

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The prevalent approach to adopting Indonesian-sounding names involved acquiring a first name paired with an Indonesian surname incorporating elements derived from their Chinese surname. This process includes the addition of Indonesian-sounding names through paragoge, prosthesis, and epentheses between two syllables.[9] It's important to note that this method does not entail any spelling alterations in their names, ensuring that the surname remains unchanged.

In the context of paragoge, Chinese Indonesians adopted Indonesian-sounding surnames by appending a suffix to their Chinese surname. As an example, Kimun Ongkosandjojo adopted his surname by combining his Chinese surname Ong (王) with the suffix -kosandjojo meaning "one who brings victory". Other examples include Lukita for Lu (吕), as used by Enggartiasto Lukita, and Tanoto for Tan (陈), as used by Sukanto Tanoto. As for adding Indonesian names as a prosthesis, Indonesian-sounding prefixes are added directly onto their Chinese surname. This is observed in Taslim and Nursalim for Lim (林), as used by Joe Taslim and Cherie Nursalim, respectively. Another method is maintaining the original Chinese surname and is placed between two syllables as an epenthesis. Examples include Sasongko for Ong (王) and Johanes for Han (韩).

In certain instances, this approach is used by placing the surname at the beginning of the full name, following Chinese naming customs. As an example, Loekito Sudirman placed Loekito, derived from Loe (吕), before his Indonesian given name Sudirman.[10]

Adding Indonesian-sounding words to the phonetic spelling of their Chinese surname

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Chinese surnames are combined with Indonesian-sounding names through minor modifications of their Chinese surnames. This process often involves adopting a phonetic spelling.[11] Similar to incorporating Indonesian-sounding names directly to their Chinese surnames, epentheses are employed.[9] This is the most common method employed.[1]

Illustrating this method is Eka Tjipta Widjaja, who constructed his surname by phonetically incorporating Oei (黄), represented as Wi- as a paragoge, and appending the suffix -djaja, meaning "victory". This approach is frequently employed by individuals with the surname Oei (黄) and Wei (魏), leading to the emergence of various names with the suffix wi-, including Wijaya, Winata, and Wiyoko. Other examples include Danandjaja for Tan (陈), as used by James Danandjaja, Pangestu for Phang (彭) and Phang (冯), as used by Prajogo Pangestu and Mari Pangestu, respectively, and Muljoto for Njoo (杨) used by Agnez Mo.[12][13]

Adopting an actual Indonesian surname

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During the reign of Suharto, Indonesian families may have given their family name to a Chinese person to facilitate their name alterations.[1] Alternatively, some Chinese Indonesians opted for an actual Indonesian surname to better assimilate with neighboring ethnic groups.[14] For instance, the surname Lembong, which is of Minahasan origin,[15] is used by Tom Lembong, with the surname Ong (汪).[16] Lembong's father resided in Manado, the ancestral homeland of the Minahasan ethnic group, implying a possible adoption of Indonesian surnames influenced by the region's geography or neighboring ethnic communities.[17] Another example of this phenomenon is the Moluccan surname Afaratu.[15] Initially exclusive to individuals of the Tanimbarese ethnic group native to the Maluku, this surname has recently been identified among Chinese Indonesians with Hokkien ancestry.[18] Do note that this is different from the adoption of existing Indonesian surnames due to interracial marriages.

Examples of Individuals Employing this Method
Chinese Name Pe̍h-ōe-jī Indonesian Name Adopted Indonesian Surname

and Associated Ethnic Group[15]

Lo Siang Hien (罗祥兴) Lô Siông Hin Lo Siang Hien Ginting Ginting, Batak Karo
Ng Iau Han (黄耀汉) N̂g Iāu Hàn Efendi Hansen Ng Sinulingga[19] Sinulingga, Batak Karo
Ong Joe San (汪友山) Ong Iú San Eddie Lembong[20] Lembong, Minahasan
Wang Lian Wang (汪連旺)[16] Ong Liân Ōng Thomas Trikasih Lembong Lembong, Minahasan
Tjan Tjoen Hok (曾春福)[21] Chan Chhun Hok Harry Tjan Silalahi Silalahi, Batak Toba
Tjoa Ah Hing (蔡亚兴)[22] Chhòa A Hin Tony Sumampau Sumampau, Minahasan
Tjoa Ah Sjan (蔡亚声)[22] Chhòa A Sêng Jansen Manansang Manansang, Sangirese

Translating their Chinese given names or surnames

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In employing this strategy, individuals translate their Chinese name into Indonesian, Indonesian regional languages, or common non-native names in Indonesia, such as those with Arabic or Sanskrit influence. For example, Sofjan Wanandi translated his surname Liem (林), which meant "forest", to the old Javanese word "wana". Furthermore, he also added the male suffix -ndi, resulting in the surname Wanandi.[23]

In a newspaper article from 1967, now archived at the National Library of Indonesia, a guide recommended the adoption of Indonesian words as new names for Chinese Indonesians. The article provided direct translations of the meanings of Chinese words, leading to the creation of potential new names for individuals of Chinese descent. For instance, individuals bearing the name Kok (国), which signifies "country", might possess names with the Indonesian translation "negara". Likewise, individuals with the name Ong (王), meaning "king", might have names associated with the words "raja" or "ratu".

Including only Chinese given names in their Indonesian-sounding name

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In this approach, the surname is typically completely excluded, while at least one of the individual's given names is retained. When incorporating both given names into their Indonesian-sounding names, significant spelling alterations may occur, but the phonetics generally remain the same or similar.[9]

Most commonly, the entirety of an individual's Chinese given name is used in their Indonesian-sounding name. As an example, Mochtar Riady adapted his Chinese given name, Lie Mo Tie (李文正), by transforming Mo to Moch- and Tie to -tar in his Indonesian name. His surname was ultimately excluded. Likewise, Teddy Jusuf utilized his Chinese given name, Him Tek Jie (熊德怡), by converting Tek to Ted- and Jie to -dy in his Indonesian name.

In rare instances, only one of the Chinese given names is included in an individual's Indonesian-sounding name. Christiandy Sanjaya, for example, only integrated San from his Chinese name Bong Hon San (黄汉山; N̂g Hàn Suann) into his Indonesian name. He also added the Sanskrit-derived suffix -jaya, which meant "victory".

Adopting Indonesian-sounding names without parts of their Chinese names

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In some cases, the adopted Indonesian-sounding name bears no connection whatsoever to their Chinese name. Sutanto Djuhar's name, for example, lacks any elements from his Chinese name, Liem Oen Kian (林文镜; Lîm Bûn Kèng).

Examples of Chinese surnames and their Indonesian-sounding adoptions

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The table is arranged in alphabetical order according to Pinyin. It is important to highlight that the table includes only spellings based on the currently-used Ejaan Bahasa Indonesia yang Disempurnakan. However, it’s important to note that some surnames may appear with older spelling variants, such as Ejaan Lama, or a combination of both current and older systems. For example, the surname Wijaya might be spelled as Widjaja, Widjaya, or less commonly, Oeidjaja. Likewise, Sucipto could be found as Soetjipto, Soecipto, or Sutjipto.

Surname and Pinyin Hokkien and Teochew Cantonese Hakka Dutch East Indies Indonesian-sounding adaptations
安 (Ān) An, Ang, Oan, Uan On On An, Ngon Anandra,[24] Ananta,[24] Andy,[24] Anita,[24] Hadi[20]
白 (Bái) Beh, Peeh, Peh, Pek, Piak Baak, Bak Phak Pee, Peh, Pek Fatimah,[12] Pekasa,[25] Pekerti,[25] Peris,[25] Purnomo,[10] Wongsorejo[20]
鲍 (Bào) Bao, Pâu Baau, Bau Pau Pou, Pouw Pualam,[25] Purnama,[25] Sastrajaya[20]
贝 (Bèi) Bue, Bui, Poe Boi, Bui Bi, Pi Pui, Poei Sudarto[26]
蔡 (Cài) Chhai, Chhoa, Cua Coi, Toi Chhai Tjhai, Tjhoa, Tjhoea, Tjhoi, Tjhua, Tjo, Tjoa, Tjoea, Tjua Agustin,[1] Anthony,[10] Budianto,[26] Cahya,[25] Cahyadi,[24] Cahyo,[24] Ceha,[12] Cohara,[24] Cuaca,[10] Cuandi,[25] Effendy,[10] Halim,[20] Harjamulya,[12] Irman,[26] Joakin,[25] Manansang,[20] Muliawan,[26] Satyawardaya,[20] Sujono,[10] Sulaiman,[12] Sunarso,[1] Surya,[26] Susanto,[27] Tirtakusuma,[26] Wonowijoyo[20]
曹 (Cáo) Cao, Cho Cou, Tau Chho Djau, Jau, Jauw, Tjho, Tjo, Tjou Cokro,[1] Cokroraharjo,[25] Jasa,[10] Laksamana,[10] Sarana,[26] Susanto,[26] Vonco[25]
常 (Cháng) Siang, Sien, Sion, Siong, Siun Siang, Soeng Song Song Kristian,[10] Sukma[28]
陈 (Chén) Cing, Dang, Ding, Tan, Tin, Ting Can, Cin Chhun Tan, Tjan, Tjhin Adil,[12] Amin,[20] Ananta,[20] Buana,[12] Buasan,[20] Budi,[12] Budianta,[12] Budiman,[20] Candinegara,[20] Chandra,[12] Chendra,[29] Chendriadi,[29] Cula,[12] Dananjaya,[20] Daritan,[25] Darmawan,[20] Dinata,[1] Gunawan,[10] Harjosusilo,[12] Hartanto,[25] Hartanu,[25] Hartono,[25] Haryono,[12] Hasan,[20] Hertanto,[25] Intan,[25] Irtanto,[10] Iskandar,[20] Ismanto,[20] Jonatan,[25] Kartajaya,[20] Kartanegara,[20] Karyadi,[12] Kinan,[10] Lolita,[10] Lukman,[26] Mananta,[30] Martoyo,[31] Marwoto,[12] Mawira,[12] Mulyono,[26] Pitoby,[26] Pohan,[10] Prawoto,[12] Raharjo,[20] Robida,[10] Santosa,[29] Santoso,[25] Satyadiningrat,[20] Setiabudi,[20] Setianto,[12] Setiawan,[25] Setyodiningrat,[12] Setyonegoro,[32] Suhartono,[10] Sukowiyono,[20] Sumanto,[20] Sumantri,[26] Sumardi,[10] Susanto,[10] Susastro,[33] Sutanto,[34] Sutanu,[20] Sutiarto,[26] Sutyanto,[20] Syamsuddin,[12] Tanadi,[25] Tanamal,[1] Tanandar,[25] Tanardo,[25] Tanasal,[25] Tanaya,[25] Tandana,[32] Tandanu,[25] Tandi (Tandy),[10][25] Tandiari,[10] Tandika,[25] Tandiono,[20] Tandoko,[25] Tandubuana,[25] Tandyawasesa,[26] Tanesha,[25] Tania,[25] Tanizal,[25] Tanjiria,[25] Tanjung,[25] Tanojo,[25] Tanoto,[20] Tansil (Tanzil),[10][35] Tanta,[10] Tantama,[25] Tanti,[1] Tanto,[24] Tantomo,[25] Tantra,[1] Tanu,[25] Tanubrata,[25] Tanudisastro,[25] Tanujaya,[12][20] Tanumiharja,[25] Tanusaputra,[25] Tanusudibyo,[20] Tanutama,[25] Tanuwibowo,[26] Tanuwijaya,[24] Taslim,[36] Thamrin,[26] Tirtasana,[25] Viriyanto,[10] Wijaya,[12] Winarta,[20] Winata,[26][25] Wirahadi,[25] Young[20]
程 (Chéng) Teng, Thee, Theng, Thian, Tian Cing Chhang Seng, Sjiung, Thia, Thnia, Thian, Tjing Ali,[10] Andelma,[1] Sawahanto,[1] Sengani,[24] Susanto[31]
成 (Chéng) Chhian, Chian, Cian, Sian, Seng, Zian Cing, Sen, Seng, Siang, Sing Sang, Sun
崔 (Cūi) Chhui, Cui Ceoi Chhui, Cui Tjoey Faustine[10]
戴 (Dài) Dai, Di, Do, Tai, Te, Ter, Ti Ai, Daai Tai Te, Tee, Thee Kinarto,[10] Patros,[20] Suteja,[25] Teja,[25][26] Tejamulia,[25] Tejarukmana,[25] Tejasukmana,[25] Tejokumoro,[25] Teriandy,[10] Thomas[10]
邓 (Dèng) Deng, Teng Ang, Daang Then Tang, Teng Ateng,[25] Tenggara,[25] Tengger,[25] Tranggono[25]
丁 (Dīng) Deng, Teng Ding, En Ten Teng, Ting
董 (Dǒng) Dang, Dong, Tang, Tong Dung Dung, Tung Tang Lintang[10]
杜 (Dù) Dou, To Dou, U Tu, Thu Tou, Touw Basri[10]
范 (Fàn) Hoan, Huam, Huang Faan Fam Fam, Hoan, Hwan, Van Famita,[25] Fandi,[25] Fania,[25] Handoko,[25] Hoana,[25] Hoanike,[25] Hoanita,[25] Hoanoto,[25] Limantara[25]
方 (Fāng) Bang, Beng, Bung, Hng, Hong, Huang, Pang, Png, Puin Fong Fong Pheng, Phui, Poei, Poeij, Poeng, Poey Frans,[10] Pribadi,[25] Prihandi,[25] Pujiadi,[25] Yulia[10]
房 (Fáng) Bang, Hong, Pang, Phong, Pong Fong Fong, Piong Phong, Pong
冯 (Féng) Bang, Hong, Pang Fung, Fuung Phung Hoeng, Pang, Phang Arif,[20] Effendi,[12] Fangestu,[25] Fungestu,[25] Pangestu,[20] Wiliadinata[26]
符 (Fú) Hu Fu Fu, Phu Hoe Hussy[10]
傅 (Fù) Bou, Hu, Po Fu Fu Pou, Pouw Irawan,[20] Priyatna[26]
甘 (Gān) Gam, Kam, Kan Gam Kam Gam, Kam Gandimiharja,[1] Prayetno[10]
高 (Gāo) Gao, Go, Kau Gau, Gou Ko Ko, Kouw Koco,[12] Kosasih,[12] Saleh[20]
古 (Gǔ) Khoe, Koo Khu, Ku Hioe, Hiu Kho, Koe, Koo, Kou, Kouw, Kow Basri,[1] Hendarta,[26] Iskandar,[10] Komar,[25] Kosasih (Khosasih),[25] Kowara,[25] Kumala,[10] Kurnia,[25] Kurniadi,[25] Kurniawan,[25] Kusika,[25] Kusnadi,[25] Kusno,[26] Kusuma,[25] Nawing,[10] Suripto[12]
关 (Guān) Guang, Guen, Gueng, Koan, Koen, Kuin Gan, Gwaan Guan, Koan Khoan Honggandi,[37] Johan,[1][10] Kantono,[38] Karlam,[26] Kasman,[26] Kosasih,[10] Raharjo[26]
郭 (Guō) Guag, Gueh, Keh, Kerh, Koeh, Kok Gwok, Kok Kok Kho, Koe, Kok, Kwee, Kwik, Kwok, Oe Cokrosaputro,[12][20] Darmawan,[10] Gunawan,[12][20] Kartawiharja,[24] Kasigit,[12] Kumala,[12] Kuncoro,[25] Kurnia,[12] Kurniawan,[25] Kusmita,[12] Kusnadi,[12] Kusuma,[20] Kusumawijaya,[25] Kusumo,[24] Mintarjo,[12] Paramitha,[12] Prasetyo,[12] Santoso,[12] Situwanda,[10] Somadi,[12] Susanto,[12] Valentina,[10] Winata[20]
韩 (Hán) Han, Hang Hon Hon Han Burhan,[29] Handaya,[24] Handijaya,[25] Handoko,[25] Handoyo,[25] Hanggar,[29] Hanjaya,[25] Hanjoyo,[24] Hantoro,[24] Hanurakin,[37] Pernollo,[12] Suhandi[25]
何 (Hé) Ho, Oa Ho Ho Ho, Hoo Hartono,[25] Haryanto,[39] Hendra,[12] Hendrawan,[25] Hengky,[25] Herho,[25] Honoris,[20] Hosea,[10] Nugroho,[12] Setiawan,[20] Wijaya[10]
贺 (Hè) Ho Ho Fo, Ho Ho, Hok Martinus,[10] Pribadi[32]
洪 (Hóng) Ang, Hong Hung Fung Ang, Hoeng Aang,[12] Abraham,[25] Andyanto,[25] Angela,[25] Anggakusuma,[25] Anggawarsito,[25] Anggodo,[25] Anggono,[25] Anggoro,[25] Anggraini,[1] Anggriawan,[25] Angkadireja,[25] Angkasa,[25] Angkiat,[25] Angryanto,[25] Angsana,[29] Angwar,[1] Arbi,[12] Darsono,[26] Rahmat,[26] Sanggalo,[25] Suryaatmaja,[12] Suryadi,[20] Sutarti,[10] Tahir,[40] Toindo,[1] Wahyudi,[12] Wardhana[12]
候 (Hòu) Hao, Hau, Hio, Ho Hau Heu Hauw Minarto[26]
胡 (Hú) Ho, Hu, O, Ou Vu, Wu Fu Aw, Auw, Ou, Ouw Harsono,[20] Husino,[20] Syarifudin[10]
黄 (Huáng) Hong, Wang, Ui Wong, Vong Wung Bong, Ng, Oei, Oeij, Oey, Ui, Wee, Whie, Wi, Wong Alianto,[10] Budiningsih,[1] Darmawan,[20] Darwis,[25] Fajrin,[20] Hadiwinata,[1] Hartono,[41] Jingga,[25] Kaliana,[20] Karim,[20] Kariman,[20] Marching,[20] Ngadiman,[25] Ngadimin,[25] Ngadimo,[25] Osteven,[26] Permatasari,[10] Rahmat,[12] Ridwan,[20] Sabu,[10] Sanjaya,[20] Secadiningrat,[12] Setiawan,[20] Sia,[12] Sugianto,[26] Sukowidono,[1] Sumanto,[20] Sumawi,[20] Supratikno,[20] Syarif,[26] Tumenggung,[12] Uray,[20] Usman,[26] Wahidin,[26] Wahyudi,[10] Wantah,[26] Wibisono,[20] Wibowo,[1][26] Widagdo,[1] Widiatmo,[25] Widodo,[1] Widyaningrat,[12] Widyono,[12] Wiguna,[12] Wiharja,[1][12] Wiharto,[1] Wijaya,[1][20] Wijayakusuma,[10] Wijoseno,[1] Wikarso,[10] Wikarta,[1] Willy (Willys),[25] Winardi,[25] Winarto,[25] Winata,[1][25] Winatan,[25] Windra,[25] Winoto,[25] Wiraatmaja,[25] Wiranata,[25] Wirya,[25] Wiryanto,[25] Wiryo,[25] Wiryono,[25] Wisanto,[25] Witular,[25] Wiyadi,[10] Wiyanarko,[25] Wiyono,[25] Wongkar,[25] Wuisan,[25] Wullur[20]
霍 (Huò) Hok Fok Vok Fok Darmadi[12]
纪 (Jǐ) Gi, Ki Geik Ki Ki, Kie, Tjhie, Tjie Barki,[20] Hadinata[42]
江 (Jiāng) Gang, Kang Gong Kong Kang, Khiong, Kiang, Kong Budiman,[32] Kangean,[25] Konjaya,[10] Murni,[10] Sutomo,[12] Yahya[26]
金 (Jīn) Gim, Ging, Kem, Kim Gam, Gim Kim Keh, Tjing Kencanawati,[12] Sugimin[1]
柯 (Kē) Gua, Kho, Ko, Koa O Kho Koa, Kua, Kwa, Kwaa Secakusuma,[12] Utomo[20]
邝 (Kuàng) Kong, Kuang - Fong, Kwong Kuang Kondoh,[10] Kongdoro,[10] Mulya[26]
赖 (Lài) Lai, Loa, Lua, Nai, Noa Laai, Lai Lai Lai, Laij, Lay, Loa, Lua, Luo Irawan,[1] Laiherman,[25] Laimena,[25] Lainera,[29] Lais,[25] Laiyar,[29] Lasuk,[29] Lasuki,[25] Lohananta,[1] Lohanda,[1][20] Rasidin,[10] Sasmita,[10] Setiadi[26]
兰 (Lán) Lan, Lang Laan Lan Lan Lany,[12] Liana[43]
黎 (Lí) Le, Li, Loi Lai Lai, Li Laij, Le, Lee, Li Layendra[10]
李 (Lǐ) Li Lei Li Lee, Li, Lie Adidarma,[12] Ali,[20] Aliwarga,[25] Boddhihiya,[12] Cahyo,[12] Darma,[20] Darmali,[25] Dipojuwono,[20] Efendi,[31] Elly,[10] Gozeli,[20] Gunawan,[20] Hakim,[26] Hidayat,[1] Kartikahadi,[12] Koty,[10] Kusumo,[26] Laksamanda,[25] Laksana,[25] Laksono,[25] Lamono,[25] Lamsano,[25] Lanandi,[25] Ledesma, Leman,[1] Lemandau,[25] Lemanjaya,[25] Lembata,[25] Leonardo,[25] Lesmana,[25] Lianto,[25] Liberman,[25] Libriani,[1] Licindo,[25] Licharli,[25] Lidarto,[25] Lieus,[12] Lika,[26] Likhwan,[10] Liman (Lyman),[1][20] Limantika,[25] Limanto,[44] Limena,[25] Linata,[25] Listiohadi,[25] Litelnoni,[20] Livai,[25] Liyanto,[20] Liyono,[25] Mahatirta,[26] Meirobi,[10] Mulia,[1] Muliono,[1] Mulyadi,[10] Mursali,[1] Muslina,[1] Nauli,[25] Pujianto,[12] Ramali,[25] Ramli,[25] Riady,[20] Romuli,[25] Rusli,[26] Sadeli,[20] Sarumaha,[10] Sujatmiko,[20] Sulistio,[1] Sunasli,[32] Suparmin,[26] Suryono,[20] Suwondo,[20] Wahyadiyatmika,[10] Winarko,[10] Wiraatmaja,[12] Wuisan,[20] Yahya,[12] Yulianto[25]
连 (Lián) Hian, Len, Liam, Lian, Liang, Lieng Len, Lin Lien Lem, Lian, Nie Lembang,[26] Lembong[10]
梁 (Liáng) Liang, Liong, Nien, No, Nion, Niu Liang, Loeng Liong Liang, Nio, Niouw Antonio,[25] Arif,[20] Dewi,[20] Graha,[10] Irawan,[10] Kurniawan,[45] Latif,[28] Liando,[25] Liangani,[25] Nagaria,[26] Nagazaki,[1] Neonardi,[25] Nurjaman,[25] Nurtani,[10] Nurtanio,[25] Rovanio,[25] Santosa,[20] Santoso[10]
辽 (Liáo) Liao, Liau, Liou Liau, Liu Liau Liao, Liauw Arfandy,[26] Leo,[26] Maulana,[10] Susanto[26]
廖 (Liào)
林 (Lín) Lem, Lim, Na, Nan Lam, Lim, Lem Lim Liem, Lim Abubakar,[10] Alim,[20] Baroleh,[25] Benly,[10] Budiharjo,[10] Chandra,[10] Chondrowajoyo,[26] Durianto,[20] Halim,[20] Haliman,[25] Halimkusuma,[25] Harkata,[12] Herlambang,[10] Hidayat,[12] Jaya,[20] Juhar,[20] Kalona,[12] Kamil,[20] Karya,[20] Kurniawan,[31] Leman,[1] Liman,[25] Limandau,[25] Limandi,[25] Limansubronoto,[25] Limantara,[25] Limanto,[25] Limantoro,[25] Limarta,[25] Limawan,[25] Limasi,[10] Limiadi,[25] Limianto,[25] Limiardi,[25] Limiarja,[25] Limiati,[25] Limiputra,[25] Linanto,[25] Linardi,[25] Linda,[10] Linus,[25] Lumenta,[25] Malik,[12] Matius,[46] Mulialim,[25] Mulyadi,[12] Mursalim,[25] Musalim,[1] Muslim,[25] Nalukas,[32] Nastalim,[25] Nurimba,[20] Nursalim,[47] Pribadi,[12] Raharja,[20] Ruslim,[25] Salim,[20] Sampurna,[20] Satyalim,[25] Setyadi,[12] Sidhunata,[12] Subrata,[10] Sucipto,[31] Sugiarto,[20] Sugiharto,[10] Suharlim,[25] Sujatmiko,[20] Sulim,[1] Sulistio,[10] Sumitomo,[10] Sunasto,[12] Surya,[12] Suryana,[26] Susanto,[12] Susilo,[48] Sutanto,[12] Talim,[25] Talin,[25] Waworuntu,[26] Witarsa,[20] Wono,[25] Yanto[12]
凌 (Líng) Leng Ling Leng Lin Thamlin[26]
刘 (Liú) Lao, Lau, Liu Lau, Liu Liu Lao, Lau, Lauw, Law, Liew, Lioe Antonius,[10] Fernardo,[10] Hanafi,[12] Jaelawijaya,[49] Kabulloh,[26] Karyadi,[12] Lauvin,[25] Lawang,[25] Lawani,[20] Lawanto,[25] Lawardi,[25] Lawijaya,[1], Lawis,[25] Lawita,[1] Lawrence,[25] Laya,[25] Leo,[10] Lovin,[25] Lukito,[12] Meilinda,[36] Mulawarman,[25] Nuralan,[26] Pahlawan,[25] Pranoto,[10] Rosadi,[12] Setiawan,[1] Wijaya,[20] Yahya,[20] Yanti,[10] Zecha[32]
楼 (Lóu) Lau, Lio, Lo Lau, Leu Leu Lauw, Loe
卢 (Lú) Lo, Lou, Lu Lou, Lu Lu Lou, Louw Wijaya[10]
陆 (Lù) Lak, Leg, Liok, Log, Lok Luk, Luuk Liuk Liok, Liuk, Loek, Luk Lukali,[25] Lukita,[25] Lukito,[12] Lukman,[25] Lukmantoro,[25] Luwiharto[12]
吕 (Lǚ) Le, Li, Lir, Lu Leoi, Lui Li Li, Loe, Loei, Lu Hamzah,[26] Lukita,[20] Lukito,[12] Luksono,[25] Lukmanto,[25] Luna,[25] Lunardy,[25] Lusanto,[25] Tirtakusuma[10]
罗 (Luó) Lo Lo Lo Lo, Loh, Loo, Lou, Ro Kurniawan,[50] Lofunta,[1] Lokasari,[1] Lolang,[25] Louris,[25] Lukman,[10] Lumampaw,[10][36] Robert,[25] Robin,[25] Rohana,[25] Rohani,[25] Rosiana,[25] Rowanto,[25] Rowi,[25] Susilo,[26] Samalo[25]
马 (Mǎ) Be, Bee, Bhe, Ma Ma, Maa Ma Be, Bhe, Ma, Mah Sulendro,[20] Wijaya[20]
麦 (Mài) Beeh, Beh, Bek, Bheh, Biak Maak, Mak Mag, Mak Mak Syukur[10]
莫 (Mò) Boh, Bok, Mog Mok Mok Bok, Moh, Mok Mokhtar[20]
倪 (Ní) Ge, Ghoi, Ngi Ngai Nga Ge, Gee, Ngie, Nie Hidrayat[10]
欧阳

(Ōuyáng)

Aoiang, Auiang, Auiong, Oiong Aujeong Euyong Auwjong, Auwyang, Ojong, Oyong Sidharta[12]
潘 (Pān) Phoan, Phun, Puan, Pung Pun Phan Bwa, Phan, Phnua, Phoa, Phoan, Phwa, Poen Bunardi,[10] Pandega,[25] Panduwirja,[25] Pansawira,[25] Pribadi,[12] Pualam,[25] Pualamsyah,[25] Purnomo,[31] Suprana,[20] Supandi,[1] Wisaksana,[20] Trenggono[10]
彭 (Péng) Pen, Phen, Pheng, Phi Paang, Pang Phang Phang, Phee, Phne Narthavirosa,[10] Pangalila,[29] Panganiban,[29] Pangestu,[20] Panghehar,[29] Pangilinan,[29] Pangkey,[29] Pirngadi,[51] Pitrajaya,[10] Supangat[1]
秦 (Qín) Chin, Cing Ceon, Tun Chhin, Qin Tjin Mardanus[26]
邱 (Qiū) Khiu, Khu, Kiu, Ku Hiu, Jau Hiu Hioe, Kauw, Khoe, Khu Cinora,[10] Hendra,[26] Husen,[10] Kokoh,[10] Komar,[25] Kosasih (Khosasih, Khoosasi),[20] Kowara,[25] Kumala,[25] Kurnia,[1] Kurniadi,[25] Kurniawan,[25] Kurniawati,[36] Kusiana,[1] Kusika,[25] Kusnadi,[1] Kusniaty,[26] Kusuma,[25] Kusumawan,[10] Sasanasurya,[20] Sudarmono,[10] Surya,[26] Tirtawinata[12]
全 (Quán) Cuang, Cueng, Chng, Choan, Chuin Cyun, Tun Chhion Kwan Kuanna[25]
饶 (Ráo) Jiau, Liau, Riao Jiu Ngieu Djiauw, Jauw, Nyao, Nyauw Admajaya,[12] Harjono,[12] Jayadarta,[25] Jayadi,[25] Johari[25]
容 (Róng) Iong Jung, Yuung Yung Joeng Budiono[26]
沈 (Shěn) Sim Sam, Sim Sum Siem, Sim, Sun Budiharjo,[25] Hasim,[10] Islamy,[12] Kasiman, Rochimat,[10] Samudro,[25] Simargi,[25] Sumardi,[25] Sunardi,[25] Susanti,[10] Yansen,[25] Yatsen,[25] Yusuf[20]
施 (Shī) Si, Soa Si Su Si, Sie Cahyadi,[20] Lesmana,[20] Notowijoyo,[20] Sanusi,[10] Sidharta,[25] Sijaya,[25] Sinarta,[25] Siputra[25]
石 (Shí) Chioh, Sek, Set, Sia, Siak, Zieh, Zioh Sek, Siak Sag, Sak Cioh, Sek, Sik, Tjioh, Tjiok Seinal[10]
史 (Shǐ) Sai, Se, Si, Sir, Su Lhu, Si Su Soe Budiman,[52] Seinal,[10] Suganda,[1] Sutrawan[20]
司徒 (Sītú) Situ, Sirto, Suto Lhuhu, Sitou Suthu Seto, Sieto, Soeto, Suto Lutansito,[25] Sihu,[25] Suhu,[25] Suhuyanli,[25] Sitou,[25] Szeto,[25] Yosito[25]
苏 (Sū) So, Sou Lhu, Sou Su So, Soe, Sou, Souw, Su Anastasia,[10] Budiarso,[12] Solihin,[25] Soriano, Sosro,[25] Sosrojoyo,[12] Sudarto,[12] Suganda,[25] Suhandinata,[12] Suker,[25] Sunardi,[25] Suriarti,[32] Surya,[25] Suryo,[25] Susanto,[10] Suwarno,[25] Suwandi[25]
孙 (Sūn) Seng, Sng, Suin, Sun, Sung Lhun, Syun Sun Sng, Soen, Sun Sunardi,[25] Sunarto,[25] Sundoro,[25] Sunjoyo,[25] Sungkono,[1] Sunny,[25] Sunur,[20] Suwandi,[25] Suwendi,[25] Wijaya[20]
谭 (Tán) Tam, Tan, Tham Ham, Taam Tam, Tham Ham, Tham Hamdani,[26] Tabaluyan,[12] Tamin,[1] Tamira[1]
汤 (Tāng) Teng, Thng, Thong Hong, Tong Thong Thng, Thoeng, Thung Arief,[12] Haliman,[26] Tirtawijaya[20], Tungka[32]
唐 (Táng) Deng, Tang, Thang, Tng, Tong Hong, Tong Thong Teng, Thong, Tng, Tong Motet,[12] Tenggara[10]
滕 (Téng) Teng Tang Thin Teng, Thang, Theng, Tng Hardi,[10] Nangoi,[12] Tangkau,[10] Temenggung[12]
田 (Tián) Tian, Tiang, Tieng Hen, Tin Tien, Thien Thien Setiandi[26]
涂 (Tú) To, Tho, Tu, Tou Tou Do Tho, Thou, Thouw Thosatria[10]
汪 (Wāng) Ong, Uang Wong Vong Ang, Hong, Oei, Ong, Wang, Wee, Wong Am,[12] Baguna,[1] Bonggo,[25] Bunandi,[10] Darmadi,[12] Darmansyah,[12] Dharmawangsa,[25] Enggano,[25] Esmara,[20] Gosal,[10] Hamid,[20] Haditono,[53] Himawan,[20] Husni,[20] Kurniawan,[26] Lembong,[20] Mranata,[26] Nawangwulan,[1] Onggano,[25] Onggo,[25] Ongkawati,[31] Ongko,[12] Ongkovikjoyo,[54] Ongkosanjoyo, Ongkowijaya,[25] Otong,[1] Pranata,[25] Priyatno,[37] Raja,[25] Rahmanata,[20] Rusli,[12] Sasongko,[25] Setiawan,[12] Sindhunatha,[20] Surianto,[26] Sumitro,[25] Surya,[12] Susanti,[20] Sutyanto, Suwandi,[12] Wangsa,[25] Wangsadinata,[25] Wangsaputra,[25] Waskito,[25] Wijaya,[12] Wiranata,[20] Wongkar, Wongso,[12] Wongsojoyo,[25] Wongsoseputra,[20] Wongsowinoto[10]
王 (Wáng) Heng, Ng, Ong, Uang Wung, Wong Vong
魏 (Wèi) Ghui, Gui, Ngui Ngai Ngui Goei, Goey, Gui, Ngoei, Wei, Wi Anton,[20] Budikusuma,[20] Elka,[10] Gunardi,[10] Gunawan,[12] Hartono,[26] Wijaya,[25] Wiratama[20]
温 (Wēn) Un, Ung Vun, Wan Vun Boen, Oen, Wen, Woen, Wun Basirun,[25] Benjamin,[25] Budiman,[12] Budiono,[25] Bunaidi,[25] Bunawan,[25] Bunda,[25] Bunjamin (Bunyamin),[25] Buntara,[10] Buntaran,[25] Darmohusodo,[20] Elkana,[12] Gunawan,[25] Lukman,[26] Pujiwati,[31] Purnomo,[31] Setiawan,[12] Sulaksono,[12] Suharjo,[1] Suwandi,[12] Suwargana,[12] Tahrir,[31] Unang,[25] Untoro,[31] Utomo,[20] Wiguna,[25] Wendi,[25] Wenkiriwang,[1] Yanto,[31] Yuliani[31]
乌, 邬 (Wū) O, Ou, U Wu Vu Go, Goh, Gou, Gouw, Gu, Ing, Kho, Khoe, Ko, Ng, Wou, Wu Angkosubroto,[20] Bagus,[25] Dirgagunarsa,[12] Ganjar,[12] Gautama,[12] Geniusaharja,[26] Gomarga,[12] Gondasetra,[12] Gondo,[1] Gondokusumo,[12] Gondowijoyo,[12] Gono,[25] Gossidhy,[25] Gotama,[25] Govino,[25] Gozal,[26] Gozali,[20] Gunadi,[25] Gunardi,[25] Gunarsa,[20] Gunawan,[12] Halim,[10] Harjonagoro,[20] Hartono,[26] Husien,[26] Japri,[36] Kusuma,[20] Lunandi,[20] Margono,[25] Mergonoto,[37] Masrini,[12] Nadesul,[12] Purnomo,[12] Prayogo,[25] Setiady,[10] Subroto,[12] Sudargo,[26] Sudirgo,[25] Sugondo,[25] Sumargo,[25] Suryo,[55] Susanto,[26] Sutedy,[26] Unggul,[10] Utama,[25] Widargo,[25] Wuraingan,[32] Wurianto,[25] Yoga[25]
吴 (Wú) Ghou, Go, Ngo M, Ng Ng
伍, 仵 (Wǔ) Go, Ngo, Ngou M, Ng Ng
武 (Wǔ) Bhu, Bu Mou, Mu Vu
萧 (Xiāo) Siao, Siau, Sio, Siou Lhiau, Siu Seu Siao, Siauw, Sieuw, Sio Guinata,[10] Santoso,[31] Saputra,[10] Sugiharto,[10] Suwahyu,[26] Swastika,[12] Wijaya[31]
谢 (Xiè) Chia, Sia, Zia Die, Ze Chhia Che, Cia, Sie, Thia, Tjhia, Tjia, Tjie Cahyadi,[1] Cahyana,[25] Cahyono,[12] Ciasmanto,[25] Ciawi,[25] Ciawijaya,[25] Chandra,[25] Gunawan,[12] Hidayat,[12] Indriatno,[12] Jaya,[12] Sakti,[26] Setiawan,[26] Siady,[10] Sinar,[25] Sindoro,[25] Sito,[25] Sudarmadi,[25] Sudarso,[25] Suryajaya,[20] Syahputra, Siahaya, Sukri,[10] Syarif,[26] Syaril [26]
幸 (Xìng) Heng Hang Hen Hen Husada[10]
向 (Xiàng) An, Ng, Hian, Hiang, Hiong Hoeng Hiong Hiang, Ng Hartono[56]
熊 (Xióng) Him, Hing, Hiong Hung Yung Hiem, Him Hartono,[26] Yusuf[12]
徐 (Xú) Ce, Chhi, Si, Sir, Su Ceoi, Tui Chhì Chee, Chi, Djie, Hsu, Shui, Swie, Tjhie, Tjie Bunarso,[26] Ciputra,[57] Hartawan,[26] Kuswandi,[25] Lusi,[31] Pujiati, Santosa,[26] Tilaar,[20]
许 (Xǔ) He, Hi, Hir, Hu, Kho, Khu, Kou Heoi, Hui Hi Che, Hie, Hoei, Hoey, Kho, Khou, Khouw, Khu, Ko, Kon, Kow, Tji Christiaji,[24] Darmaji,[24] Darmono,[26] Hakim,[20] Hamdani,[10] Hidayat,[1] Kahono,[12] Karmawan,[20] Kartasasmita,[32] Kartika,[12] Kholil,[25] Kodinata,[25] Komar,[25] Komara,[25] Komarudin,[25] Kosasih (Khosasih),[25][36] Kowara,[25] Kumala,[25] Kumarga,[12] Kurnia,[25] Kurniadi,[25] Kurniawan,[25] Kusika,[25] Kusnadi,[25] Kusno,[12] Kusuma,[25] Kusumo,[25] Kuswandi,[25] Mulyadi,[20] Permana,[10] Setiawan,[12] Setiono,[20] Srimulat,[20] Sukowati,[12] Sulaiman,[26] Sulendro,[12] Sunarko,[12] Suripto[20]
薛 (Xuē) Siat, Sih Sit Siet Sie, Siek, Siq Sidharta (Sidarta),[20][32] Wilamarta[26]
阎 (Yán) Giam, Iam, Ngiam Jim Ngiam Gan, Giam, Ian, Ien, Jan Ganda,[31] Gani,[12] Giamarta,[25] Hartono,[10] Jimarta,[25] Sugiamwinata,[25] Sugihartono,[25] Suhadi,[25] Sukoco[25]
颜 (Yán) Gan, Hian, Ngang, Nguang, Ngueng Ngaan, Ngan Ngian, Ngien
杨 (Yáng) Chhion, Chhiu, Chiiun, Iang, Ien, Ion, Iong, Iun Joeng, Yiang Yong Iu, Jo, Jouw, Ki, Nio, Njio, Njoo, Nyoo, Yno, Yo, Yoe Anwar,[12] Dharmanandi,[10] Inyo,[20] Irawady,[26] Johan,[10] Juwono, Kasman,[26] Kusbianto,[12] Mulyoto,[58] Naga,[20] Nyoto,[25] Renata,[59] Sanyoto,[12] Senjaya,[26] Setyadi,[26] Sudarso,[10] Sudhamek,[26] Sugondo,[26] Sukandinata,[26] Sunaryo,[25] Sunyoto,[10] Suryani,[10] Suryawan,[20] Sutaryo,[25] Tannos,[20] Tindo,[25] Tirta,[26] Wiharjo,[26] Yohan,[10] Yongki,[25] Yorensin,[25] Yoso,[25] Yudha,[25] Yuwana[25]
姚 (Yáo) Iau, Ie, Io Jiu Yeu Iau, Jaouw, Jauw, Yao, Yauw Handoko,[26] Jayanto,[26] Jayawan,[25] Yuswanto[25]
叶 (Yè) Iab, Iag, Iap Jip, Yiap Yap Ijap, Jap, Jip, Yap, Yip Effendi,[10] Ertanto,[60] Haryanto,[10] Hendrawan,[12] Husodo,[12] Jamin,[25] Japri[25] Joyo,[10] Laksana,[20] Meliana,[10] Riand,[10] Prananto,[10] Prawirohusodo,[20] Wijaya,[12] Suparno,[26] Supit,[12] Suyapto,[1] Toyib (Toyip),[25] Yananto,[12] Yapardi,[25] Yapina,[1] Yapip,[25] Yappy,[10] Yaputra,[20][25] Yektiurip,[25] Yipman
易 (Yì) Eg, Ek, Iah, Iak Jik, Yet Yit Ek Rahmani[10]
尤 (Yóu) Iu Jau Yu Jioe, Joe, Yiu, Yoe, Yu Buntoro,[12] Kurniadi,[37] Yules,[25] Yusuf,[12] Yuwono[12]
游, 㳺 (Yóu) Iu Jau, Yiu Yu
余 (Yú) E, I, Ir, U Jyu, Yi Yi Ie, Ji, Jie Halim,[26] Ibrahim,[25] Ikhwan,[25] Iman,[25] Iskandar,[25] Jita,[10] Juslim,[14] Sumbaji,[26] Susanto,[10] Sutarji[10]
俞 (Yú) Ju, Lu Jyu Yi Djie, Ie, Joe Dawis,[20] Irawan,[12] Lukito,[4] Suji[10]
曾 (Zēng) Chan, Cheng, Chng, Zang, Zeng Dang, Zeng Chen Can, Chan, Tjan, Tjen, Tjin Candiluhur,[25] Chandra,[26] Chandrakusuma,[12] Chandrasaputra,[25] Negara,[10] Silalahi,[20] Sudharmono[26]
詹 (Zhān) Chiam, Ziam Zim Cham Chan, Ciam, Tjam, Tjiam Camar,[25] Ciampea,[25]
张 (Zhāng) Tiang, Tiaun, Tiong, Tion, Tiun, Ziang Ziang, Zoeng Chong Teh, Teo, Theo, Thio, Tio, Tjang, Tjiong, Tjon, Tjong Basri,[37] Canggih,[25] Chandra,[10][12] Hidayat,[26] Irawan,[12] Jaya,[10] Johan,[20] Kartio,[25] Kuswati,[10] Mukianto,[10] Natio,[25] Pambudi,[10] Prasetya,[25] Prasetyo,[1] Sajiono,[10] Sanusi,[10] Santyoso,[25] Setiadi,[25] Setiawan,[25] Setio,[1][10] Setiono,[25] Sudarso,[61] Sujino,[26] Sulistio (Sulistiyo),[26] Susantio (Susantyo),[1][25] Susetio (Susetyo),[25] Suwondo,[25] Suteja,[25] Sutiono,[25] Theodora,[31] Tyos,[10] Wijayakusuma[20]
郑 (Zhèng) Den, Teng, Ten, Tin Zeng, Ziang Chhang Te, The, Thie, Tjen, Tjeng Budiono,[10] Darmaputra,[20] Hasan,[20] Herabadi,[1] Idris,[12] Jinarakhita,[20] Kharisma,[26] Liyanti,[36] Menaro,[12] Nusantara,[26] Sufida,[26] Suryani,[31] Tahyar,[20] Teddy,[25] Tedyono,[25] Teja,[1] Tejakusmana,[25] Tejamulia,[1][25] Tejarukmana,[25] Tejawati,[25] Tejokumoro,[25] Tejosuwito[20]
钟 (Zhōng) Cheng, Chiong, Zeng Zung, Zuung Chung Tjoeng, Tjiong Arsajaya,[20] Chandra,[10] Cundiawan,[25] Cungandi,[25] Cungkoro,[25] Hadijaya,[12] Purnama,[62] Thamrin,[12] Theodora[10]
周 (Zhōu) Chiu, Ziu Zau, Ziu Chu Ciu, Djioe, Tjio, Tjioe, Tjoe, Tjiu Cahyadin,[26] Ciuwandi,[31] Ciwijaya,[10] Cokroraharjo,[25] Cokrowijokso,[25] Cuanda, Gimin,[26] Frans,[10] Hartanto,[10] Johari,[25] Juanda ,[25] Juanita,[25] Juano,[25] Kusumanegara,[12] Mulyono,[12] Sucipto,[63] Surikin,[26] Trismitro,[12] Yuanita[25]
朱 (Zhū) Chu, Zu Zi, Zyu Chu Cu, Chu, Tjoa, Tjoe, Tju Joyonegoro,[12][20] Jugito,[29] Jumena,[29] Juwinata,[29] Sutrisno,[20] Yusuf,[26] Zulfikar,[29] Zulfikri,[25] Zuneng[25]
庄 (Zhuāng) Chng, Choang, Chon, Chong, Zang, Zeng, Zuang Zong Chong Chuang, Cng, Tjhung, Tjuang, Tjung Budiman,[1] Dozan,[64] Juanda,[65] Juandi,[26] Mercubuwono[1]
卓 (Zhuó) Doh, Toh, Tok Coek, Zoek Chok Tjoek, Toh Harsono[10]
邹 (Zōu) Chau, Zou Zau Cheu Tjee, Tjeuw, Tjoo, Tjouw Tjakra[20]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc bd be bf bg bh bi bj bk bl bm bn bo bp bq br bs bt bu bv bw bx by bz ca cb Sutanto, Irzanti (2004-08-09), Ganti Name di Kalangan Keturunan Tionghoa, Peraturan dan Kebebasan [Changing Names Among Chinese Descendants, Regulations and Freedom] (in Indonesian), archived from the original on 2008-01-30, retrieved 29 January 2009
  2. ^ Sneddon, James Neil (2003). Indonesian language: its history and role in modern society. Sydney: University of New South Wales press. ISBN 978-0-86840-598-8.
  3. ^ Kridalaksana, Harimurti (1978). Perez, A. Q.; Santiago, A. O.; Nguyen, Dang Liem (eds.). Spelling Reform 1972: A Stage in the Process of Standardisation of Bahasa Indonesia. Manila: Pacific Linguistics. pp. 305–317. ISBN 0858831767.
  4. ^ a b Hui, Audrey Yu Jia (2022-04-21). "Audrey 俞佳慧 About Me". Archived from the original on 2024-01-27. Retrieved 2024-01-27.
  5. ^ Hafidz Faza (2017-10-26). "Audrey Yu Jia Hui, Simbol Patriotisme Anak Muda Tionghoa" [Audrey Yu Jia Hui, Symbol of Patriotism for Chinese Youth]. Rilis.id (in Indonesian). Retrieved 2021-02-23. Several years ago I changed my name legally. The reason was that in my whole life I was ashamed to be Chinese(-Indonesian). When I took my Chinese name back, I want to make a statement that I can love both my ancestor's culture and Pancasila/Indonesia at the same time.
  6. ^ a b Kurniawan, Budi (2012). "Penggunaan Nama Barat Oleh Etnis Tionghoa di Surabaya" [Use of Western Names by Ethnic Chinese in Surabaya]. Lakon: Jurnal Kajian Sastra Dan Budaya (in Indonesian). 1 (1): 12–20. doi:10.20473/lakon.v1i1.1911. ISSN 2527-4899.
  7. ^ Chuarsa, Ira (2019-05-11). "Menafsir Ulang Hubungan Tradisi Cina dan Kekristenan di Indonesia" [Reinterpreting the Relationship between Chinese Tradition and Christianity in Indonesia]. Universitas Gajah Mada (in Indonesian). Retrieved 2024-01-24.
  8. ^ Heriyanto, David (2020-01-17). "What's in a name? Chinese-Indonesians have many stories". The Jakarta Post. Archived from the original on 2024-01-27. Retrieved 2024-01-27.
  9. ^ a b c Lutfiana, Andhini Rahma (2021). "Adaptasi Fonologis pada Perubahan Nama Diri Etnik Tionghoa ke Nama Indonesia Mulai Tahun 1970–2019 Sebagai Bentuk Pemertahanan Identitas Budaya Etnik Tionghoa" [Phonological Adaptation in the Change of Chinese Ethnic Names to Indonesian Names Starting from 1970–2019 as a Form of Maintaining Chinese Ethnic Cultural Identity]. Sapala (in Indonesian). 8 (2).
  10. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc bd be bf bg bh bi bj bk bl bm bn bo bp bq br bs bt bu bv bw bx by bz ca cb cc cd ce cf cg ch ci cj ck cl cm cn co cp cq cr cs ct cu cv cw cx cy cz da db dc dd de df dg dh di dj dk dl dm dn do dp dq dr ds dt du dv dw dx dy dz ea eb ec ed ee ef eg eh ei ej ek el em en eo ep eq er es et eu ev ew ex ey ez fa fb fc fd fe ff fg fh fi fj fk fl fm fn fo Paguyuban Sosial Marga Tionghoa Indonesia (2020-07-20). "Dewan dan Pengurus Pusat PSMTI Periode 2022" [PSMTI Board and Central Managers for 2022]. Paguyuban Sosial Marga Tionghoa Indonesia (in Indonesian). Retrieved 2024-01-24.
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