Importation and Exportation (No. 2) Act 1791
| Act of Parliament | |
 | |
| Long title | An Act for regulating the Importation and Exportation of Corn, and the Payment of the Duty on Foreign Corn imported, and of the Bounty on British Corn exported. |
|---|---|
| Citation | 31 Geo. 3. c. 30 |
| Territorial extent | Great Britain |
| Dates | |
| Royal assent | 10 June 1791 |
| Commencement | 15 November 1791[a] |
| Repealed | 10 July 1821 |
| Other legislation | |
| Amends | See § Repealed acts |
| Repeals/revokes | See § Repealed acts |
| Repealed by | Importation and Exportation Act 1821 |
Status: Repealed | |
| Text of statute as originally enacted | |
The Importation and Exportation (No. 2) Act 1791 (31 Geo. 3. c. 30) is an act of the Parliament of Great Britain that consolidated acts relating to the importation and exportation of corn and amended the payment of duties on imported corn and the bounty on exported corn.
Background
[edit]As a staple of life, as well as an important commodity of trade, corn and its traffic was long the subject of debate and of government regulation – the Tudors legislating against speculating in corn, and the Stuarts introducing import and export controls. Import had been regulated as early as 1670;[1] and in 1689 traders were provided bounties for exporting rye, malt and wheat (all classified as corn at the time, the same commodities being taxed when imported into England).[2] In 1773, the Corn Act 1772 (13 Geo. 3. c. 43), "An act to regulate the importation and exportation of corn" repealed Elizabethan controls on grain speculation; but also shut off exports and allowed imports when the price was above 48 shillings[b] per quarter[c] (thus compromising to allow for interests of producers and consumers alike)[1][4].
By the 1790s, the issue remained one of public debate (by figures such as Edmund Burke)[1][5], and parliament desired to make changes to favour agricultural producers.[5]
Provisions
[edit]Repealed acts
[edit]Section 1 of the act repealed 7 enactments, listed in that section, taking effect on the commencement of the act.[6] Section 1 of the act also repealed "all and every provision in any other act contained for regulating the importation from foreign parts, of wheat, rye, barley, peas, beans, oats, beer or bigg, Indian corn or maise, whether ground or unground, and of malt, bread, or biscuit, made of any of the said sorts of corn, and for the payment of the duty thereon, and also all and every provision in any other act contained, for regulating the exportation of any of the said sorts of corn or other articles as aforesaid, and for payment of the bounty thereon, except so far as the malt for exportation, or to the exportation thereof".[6]
Section 2 of the act also repealed so much of the "as prohibits the buying of corn to sell again, and the laying it up in granaries, when the several sorts of corn are above certain prices therein mentioned".[6]
| Citation | Short title | Title | Extent of repeal |
|---|---|---|---|
| 15 Car. 2. c. 7 | Encouragement of Trade Act 1663 | An act, passd in the fifteenth year of the reign of his late majesty King Charles the Second, intituled, An act for the encouragement of trade. | The whole. |
| 1 Jac. 2. c. 19 | Tillage Act 1685 | An act, passed in the first year of the reign of his majesty King James the Second, intituled, An additional act for the improvement of tillage. | The whole. |
| 1 Gul. et Mar. c. 12 | Exportation (Corn) Act 1688 | An act, passed in the first year of the reign of their late majesties King William and Queen Mary, intituled, An act for the encouraging the exportation of corn. | The whole. |
| 5 Geo. 2. c. 12 | Corn Act 1731 | An act, passed in the fifth year of the reign of his late majesty King George the Second, intituled, An act for amending and making more effectual an act, made in the first year of the reign of King James the Second, intituled, "An additional act for the improvement of tillage. | The whole. |
| 10 Geo. 3. c. 39 | Corn Act 1770 | An act, passed in the tenth year of the reign of his present Majesty, intituled, An act for registering the prices at which corn is fold in the several counties of Great Britain, and the quantity exported and imported. | The whole. |
| 13 Geo. 3. c. 43 | Corn Act 1772 | An act, passed in the thirteenth year of the reign of his present Majesty, intituled, An act to regulate the importation and exportation of corn. | The whole. |
| 21 Geo. 3. c. 50 | Corn Act 1781 | An act, passed in the twenty-first year of the reign of his present Majesty, intituled, An act for further regulating and ascertaining the importation and exportation of corn and grain, within several ports and places therein mentioned. | The whole. |
| 29 Geo. 3 | Importation and Exportation Act 1789 | An act, passed in the twenty-ninth year of the reign of his present Majesty, intituled, An act for better regulating and ascertaining the importation and exportation of corn and grain; and also for better regulating the exportation of starch, and the importation of rape seed. | The whole. |
Legacy
[edit]The Select Committee on Temporary Laws described this act as a Consolidation Act.[7]
In 1804, the Importation and Exportation Act 1804 (44 Geo. 3. c. 109) amended the act, further agricultural producers.[5]
The act was wholly repealed by the Importation and Exportation Act 1821 (1 & 2 Geo. 4. c. 87).[8] This formed part of the Corn Laws, tariffs and other trade restrictions on imported food and corn enforced in the United Kingdom between 1815 and 1846.
See also
[edit]Notes
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ a b c Smith, Adam (1998). An Inquiry Into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations: A Selected Edition. Oxford University Press. pp. 543, 544–545. ISBN 978-0-19-283546-8.
- ^ Stevenson, John (1987). Fletcher, Anthony (ed.). Order and disorder in early modern England. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 230–231. ISBN 9780521349321.
- ^ "Bulk densities of some common food products". engineeringtoolbox.com. Retrieved 19 January 2020.
- ^ MacPherson, David (1805). Annals of Commerce, Manufactures, Fisheries, and Navigation with Brief Notices of the Arts and Sciences Connected with Them: Containing the Commercial Transactions of the British Empire and Other Countries, Volume III. London: Nichols and Son. pp. 537–538.
- ^ a b c "The corn laws". Archived from the original on 28 November 2018. Retrieved 15 August 2018.
- ^ a b c Britain, Great (1790). Statutes at Large ...: (43 v.) ... From Magna charta to 1800. Vol. 37. pp. 233–294.
- ^ Commons, Great Britain Parliament House of (1803). Reports from Committees of the House of Commons which Have Been Printed by Order of the House: And are Not Inserted in the Journals [1715-1801. Vol. 14. pp. 34–118.
- ^ Great Britain (1762). Statutes at large . University of Michigan. Cambridge [London]. pp. 314–315.