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Ildirim Organization

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Ildirim Organization – A secret, nationalist student organization established in Azerbaijan in 1942 against the Soviet occupation. The goals of the organization members were to protect and expand the use of the Azerbaijani language, appoint Azerbaijanis to high administrative positions, and establish an independent Azerbaijan.

About

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The Ildirim Organization was founded in 1942 by Ismikhan Rahimov, Haji Zeynalov, and Gulhuseyn Huseynoglu.[1][2][3] Later, Musa Abdullayev, Kamal Aliyev, Azer Alasgarov, Aydin Vahidov, and Kamil Rzayev also joined the organization.[4] Consisting of university students, the group had a total of 8 members.[1][4] The organization had its own program and oath.[1] The swearing-in ceremonies took place in early 1944 at Aydin Vahidov's apartment, with the text of the oath compiled by Ismikhan Rahimov.[5] The main goals of the organization's members were the independence of Azerbaijan, the protection and promotion of the Azerbaijani language as the state language, enabling Azerbaijanis to hold high positions in state institutions, and urging the state to acquit writers who were arrested, labeled as enemies of the people, exiled to Siberia, or executed during 1937–1938.[1][6]

At an event of the Azerbaijan Writers' Union on May 10, 1944, Samad Vurgun criticized the Union's work, highlighting the lack of proper development in Azerbaijani literature.[5] He spoke about national literature, consciousness, and identity. Inspired by his words, the members of the Ildirim Organization wrote a letter to Samad Vurgun on May 11, proposing that he can lead the organization as a guiding figure.[7] At the dictation of Gulhuseyn Huseynoglu, Ismikhan Rahimov wrote the letter in a printed-style script to conceal the writer's identity.[8] In the letter, they questioned why the Writers' Union had only 60 members, why the national rights of Azerbaijanis were not safeguarded, and why scientific books were not translated into Azerbaijani.[9] They pledged to fight for the independence of the Azerbaijani people and expressed their support for Samad Vurgun, asking him to write a poem titled "Stars of the Homeland" if he agreed with their ideas.[10] However, it remains unclear whether the letter ever reached him.[8] The organization ceased its activities in 1946 due to internal disagreements among its members.[5][11]

After the letter fell into the hands of the NKVD in 1945, all students in Azerbaijan's higher education institutions were subjected to a handwriting dictation.[12] Through this process, it was determined that the letter to Samad Vurgun had been written by Ismikhan Rahimov.[13][14] He was placed under surveillance, and after sufficient evidence was collected, Ismikhan Rahimov was arrested on September 26, 1948.[14][15] Shortly afterward, Haji Zeynalov and the remaining six members of the organization were also detained. On September 21–22, 1949, the Judicial Board for Criminal Cases of the Supreme Court of the Azerbaijan SSR handed down sentences.[16] Gulhuseyn Huseynoglu, Ismikhan Rahimov, and Haji Zeynalov received 25-year prison terms, while the other five members were sentenced to 10 years.[17] Interestingly, the five others with lighter sentences protested in court, demanding equal punishment.[8]

References

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  1. ^ a b c d Həmid, Səxavət (2020-06-25). "1942-ci ildə yaradılan "İldırım" təşkilatı – 8 gənc niyə Stalinin qəzəbinə tuş gəldi?/Müsahibə". Teleqraf.com (in Azerbaijani). Archived from the original on 2020-06-25. Retrieved 2024-08-21.
  2. ^ Zeynalova 2020, p. 190.
  3. ^ Nuriyeva, İradə (2015). Azərbaycan tarixi (ən qədim zamanlardan XXI əsrin əvvəllərinədək) (PDF) (in Azerbaijani). Bakı: Mütərcim. p. 279. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2020-05-01. Retrieved 2024-08-27.
  4. ^ a b Зейналова, М. "«Илдырым»: студенческая антисоветская организация в Азербайджане (1940-е гг.)". azerhistory.com. Archived from the original on 2022-10-21. Retrieved 2024-08-23.
  5. ^ a b c Yaqublu 2018, p. 153.
  6. ^ "Dissident yazıçı Gülhüseyn Hüseynoğlu vəfat etdi". Azadlıq Radiosu. 2013-07-09. Archived from the original on 2022-07-06. Retrieved 2024-08-23.
  7. ^ Bünyadov 1993, p. 310.
  8. ^ a b c ""İldırım" təşkilatının üzvünün oğlu: "Səməd Vurğuna yazılan məktubdan sonra atamı tutdular"". Gülhüseyn Hüseynoğlu (in Azerbaijani). 2023-05-29. Archived from the original on 2024-04-21. Retrieved 2024-08-22.
  9. ^ "Azərbaycanda qurulan gizli təşkilat "İldırım"". fraza.az. 2022-12-01. Archived from the original on 2024-05-21. Retrieved 2024-08-21.
  10. ^ "Səməd Vurğuna yazılan MƏXFİ MƏKTUB". Kulis.az (in Azerbaijani). Archived from the original on 2024-08-23. Retrieved 2024-08-21.
  11. ^ Bünyadov 1993, p. 311.
  12. ^ Bəydəmirli, Əkrəm (2024-07-09). "Azərbaycanın ilk dissidentlərindən biri olan Gülhüseyn Hüseynoğlu". Səs qəzeti. Archived from the original on 2024-07-10. Retrieved 2024-08-23.
  13. ^ Həmid, Səxavət (2020-06-23). "Atamın "İldırım"ına əl uzatmağa heç kim cürət etməsin – Müsahibə/Video". teleqraf.com. Archived from the original on 2024-08-23. Retrieved 2024-08-23.
  14. ^ a b Bünyadov 1993, p. 309.
  15. ^ Cəfərli, Könül (2023-05-29). ""İldırım" təşkilatının üzvünün oğlu: "Səməd Vurğuna yazılan məktubdan sonra atamı tutdular" - MÜSAHİBƏ + FOTO". Oxu.az (in Azerbaijani). Archived from the original on 2024-08-23. Retrieved 2024-08-21.
  16. ^ Yaqublu 2018, p. 154.
  17. ^ Bünyadov 1993, p. 322.
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