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Hurricane Henri (1979)

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Hurricane Henri
Henri in the Bay of Campeche shortly after peak intensity on September 17
Meteorological history
FormedSeptember 14, 1979
Remnant lowSeptember 21, 1979
DissipatedSeptember 24, 1979
Category 1 hurricane
1-minute sustained (SSHWS/NWS)
Highest winds85 mph (140 km/h)
Lowest pressure983 mbar (hPa); 29.03 inHg
Overall effects
FatalitiesNone
DamageMinimal
Areas affectedMexico, Florida, Texas
IBTrACSEdit this at Wikidata
Part of the 1979 Atlantic hurricane season

Hurricane Henri was a rare tropical cyclone that entered the Gulf of Mexico without having made landfall; it was the second of four times this occurred during the 20th century.[1] The eighth named storm and fifth hurricane of the 1979 Atlantic hurricane season, it formed on September 14 in the northwestern Caribbean Sea. Throughout much of its duration, Henri moved erratically and initially maintained a general westward track. On September 16 it attained tropical storm status, and a day later it reached hurricane status. By two days later, after experiencing hostile conditions, Henri weakened to tropical depression status as it turned to the northeast, before degenerating into a remnant low on September 21. On September 24, it merged with a frontal low in the northeast Gulf of Mexico. Due to its slow and erratic motion, the hurricane forced evacuations along the Mexican coastline. Its remnants brought rainfall and flooding to the Florida Panhandle.

Meteorological history

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Map plotting the storm's track and intensity, according to the Saffir–Simpson scale
Map key
Saffir–Simpson scale
  Tropical depression (≤38 mph, ≤62 km/h)
  Tropical storm (39–73 mph, 63–118 km/h)
  Category 1 (74–95 mph, 119–153 km/h)
  Category 2 (96–110 mph, 154–177 km/h)
  Category 3 (111–129 mph, 178–208 km/h)
  Category 4 (130–156 mph, 209–251 km/h)
  Category 5 (≥157 mph, ≥252 km/h)
  Unknown
Storm type
triangle Extratropical cyclone, remnant low, tropical disturbance, or monsoon depression

Hurricane Henri developed as Tropical Depression Eighteen in the extreme northwestern Caribbean Sea on September 14 from a tropical wave, which had previously moved off the coast of Africa.[2] The formation of a tropical depression was confirmed by reports from Hurricane Hunters.[3] The depression tracked northward, brushing the eastern portion of the Yucatán Peninsula. After reaching the Gulf of Mexico it turned sharply westward, with a ridge preventing further northward movement. The depression turned southwestward, and intensified into Tropical Storm Henri on September 16.[2]

Tropical Storm Henri continued to intensify as it tracked through the Bay of Campeche. On September 17, the storm turned northwestward after the ridge to its north weakened, and later that day Henri reached hurricane status; six hours later, it reached peak winds of 85 mph (140 km/h) about 150 miles (245 km) northeast of Veracruz. Subsequently, a broad low pressure area developed over the western Gulf of Mexico, causing the motion of Henri to become erratic. On September 18, the cyclone began a steady weakening trend, believed to have been caused by land interaction and the funneling of moisture toward a developing disturbance near the Texas coast.[2] Henri turned eastward on September 19 and weakened to tropical depression status. It failed to regain significant convection, and it turned northeastward along an extended cold front. On September 21, Henri weakened into a remnant low. On September 24, Henri merged with the frontal trough in the northeastern Gulf of Mexico.[4]

Hurricane Henri was one of only four hurricanes to enter the Gulf of Mexico without making landfall during the 20th century.[1] The others were Laurie of 1969, Jeanne of 1980, and Alberto of 1982.[5]

Preparations and impact

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Rainfall in Mexico from Hurricane Henri

Although Henri did not affect land in any way as a hurricane, the developing system threatened several states along the southwestern coastline in Mexico.[4] Mexican forecasting officials issued an advisory for the Gulf coast towns of Tampico in Tamaulipas, and Tuxpan and Nautla in Veracruz, to evacuate to higher ground.[6] The government of Veracruz issued warnings on radio and television of possible flooding in oil-rich coastlines.[7] The storm affected cleanup operations of the Ixtoc I oil spill as it passed over the spill area, damaging a 310-ton steel cap designed to stop the blowout.[8] Henri caused driving rains, strong winds, and floods in Ciudad del Carmen, Campeche, forcing over 2000 people from their homes. Waters swelled in the town to about 12 inches (305 mm) above sea level.[9] Maximum rainfall recorded in Mexico in association with Henri was 19.59 inches (498 mm) at Solosuchiapan.[10]

The remnants of Henri brought showers and thunderstorms to west-central Florida, causing river flooding and some evacuations.[11]

See also

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References

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  1. ^ a b Herbert, Paul (March 26, 1980). "1979 Monthly Weather Review" (PDF). National Hurricane Center. Archived from the original (PDF) on January 4, 2011. Retrieved 2011-01-09.
  2. ^ a b c Hebert, Paul J. (1979). "Hurricane Henri Tropical Cyclone Report - Page 1". National Hurricane Center. Retrieved 2008-01-10.
  3. ^ Frank, Neil (1980). "Atlantic Tropical Systems of 1979". Monthly Weather Review. 108 (7). National Hurricane Center: 966. Bibcode:1980MWRv..108..966F. doi:10.1175/1520-0493(1980)108<0966:ATSO>2.0.CO;2. ISSN 1520-0493. S2CID 120194098.
  4. ^ a b Hebert, Paul J. (1979). "Hurricane Henri Tropical Cyclone Report - Page 2". National Hurricane Center. Retrieved 2008-01-10.
  5. ^ "Atlantic hurricane best track (HURDAT version 2)" (Database). United States National Hurricane Center. April 5, 2023. Retrieved November 18, 2024. Public Domain This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
  6. ^ United Press Inc. (September 18, 1979). "Henri About to Slam into Mexican Port". Tyrone Daily Herald. Retrieved 2008-01-10. [dead link‍]
  7. ^ Associated Press (September 18, 1979). "Henri Nears Mexico". Titusville Herald. Retrieved 2008-01-10. [dead link‍]
  8. ^ Mohr, Holbrook (2010-05-31). "Oil complicates forecasts on hurricane season eve". Associated Press. Archived from the original on June 2, 2010. Retrieved May 31, 2010.
  9. ^ United Press Inc. (September 17, 1979). "New hurricane whirls in Gulf". The Post-Standard. Retrieved 2008-01-10. [dead link‍]
  10. ^ David M. Roth. Hurricane Henri Color-Filled Rainfall Image. Retrieved on 2008-03-22.
  11. ^ United Press Inc. (September 24, 1979). "Nation says farewell to summer". Syracuse Herald-Journal. Archived from the original on January 20, 2016. Retrieved 2008-01-10.
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