Human Ecology Fund
The Society for the Investigation of Human Ecology (SIHE) was founded by Harold G. Wolff, MD, in New York in 1954.[1] In 1961, the organization was renamed the Human Ecology Fund and relocated to Cornell University’s Medical School.[1] This organization served as a front for CIA-funded research under Project MK-ULTRA, funneling grant money to behavioral scientists to finance research into interrogation, coercion, and torture methods.[2] The Human Ecology Fund closed in 1965, after the CIA transferred funds and research projects to other outlets.[2]
Neurologist Harold Wolff of Cornell University Medical College was president of the organization, with Lawrence Hinkle, a Cardiologist, serving as its vice president.[2] Other board members included Adolf Berle, JD of Columbia University, Dr. Joseph Hinsey of NY Hospital-Cornell Medical Center, Dr. Carl Rogers of University of Wisconsin, and Dr. John Whitehorn of Johns Hopkins.[3]
Harold Wolff’s presence at Cornell made the University a hub for Human Ecology Fund operations.[1] In one project conducted at Cornell University, Wolff investigated 100 Chinese refugees with the goal of molding them into CIA agents.[2] It not believed that this experiment provided any significant findings, as it was interrupted by the CIA in 1955.[2] One of the most well-known Human Ecology projects involved interviewing Hungarian refugees from the 1956 Hungarian revolt to determine the ways in which the refugees "retained their identities under Soviet occupation."[1][2]
In addition to financing research projects related to CIA interests, the Human Ecology Fund allegedly funded academic research not related to CIA interests in order to maintain its public facade as a respectable research institution.[1] It is believed that the academic researchers involved in research funded by the Human Ecology Fund were generally unaware or deceived about the funding source.[1][4][5]
The Geschickter Fund was a similar front for CIA research on biochemical and medical research at Georgetown, Stanford and MIT.[6] During MKULTRA's existence 44 U.S. and Canadian universities received CIA funding, with the full list still classified.[7][8]
See also
[edit]- Human rights violations by the CIA
- Unethical human experimentation in the United States
- Pike Committee (U.S. House investigation into CIA) activities)
- Church Commission (U.S. Senate investigation into CIA )
- Rockefeller Commission (Presidential investigation of CIA) activities)
References
[edit]- ^ a b c d e f Price, H; David (2007). "Buying a Piece of Anthrology Part 1: Human Ecology and Unwitting Anthropological Research for the CIA". Anthropology Today. 23 (3): 10. doi:10.1111/j.1467-8322.2007.00510.x.
- ^ a b c d e f Marks, John (1978). The Search for the "Manchurian Candidate": The CIA and Mind Control. Times Books. p. 163.
- ^ "1957 Annual Report of Society for the Investigation of Human Ecology" (PDF). Blinken OSA Archivum. 1957. Archived (PDF) from the original on 25 August 2020. Retrieved 23 September 2024.
- ^ Schachtner, Jim (17 April 1980). "Documents disclose CIA research" (PDF). Retrieved 23 September 2024.
- ^ Thomas, Jo (3 August 1977). "Extent of University Work for CIA Hard To Pin Down" (PDF). CIA Reading Room. Retrieved 23 September 2024.
- ^ Goshko, John (3 August 1977). "Geschickter Research Fund Tightly Controlled By The Founder" (PDF). CIA Reading Room. Retrieved 23 September 2024.
- ^ Horrack, Nicholas (4 August 1977). "80 Institutions Used In CIA Mind Control Studies" (PDF). CIA Reading Room. Retrieved 23 September 2024.
- ^ Intelligence, United States Congress Senate Select Committee on (1977). Project MKULTRA, the CIA's Program of Research in Behavioral Modification: Joint Hearing Before the Select Committee on Intelligence and the Subcommittee on Health and Scientific Research of the Committee on Human Resources, United States Senate, Ninety-fifth Congress, First Session, August 3, 1977. U.S. Government Printing Office.
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