Hothbrodd

Hothbrodd, Hodbrodd, Hothbrodus, Hodbroddus (Latin), Höddbroddr or Hǫðbroddr (Old Norse) was a legendary Norse hero and king, details of whose life appear in several related variations.

Attestations

The Poetic Edda

Hǫðbroddr appears in two poems of the Poetic Edda, "Helgakviða Hundingsbana I" and "Helgakviða Hundingsbana II", both of which tell the story of the life of the Ylfing Helgi Hundingsbane.

In both tales, he is the son of King Granmar (whose kingdom is not named in these poems, but described as Södermanland in Heimskringla), and the brother of Guðmundr. However, in "Helgakviða Hundingsbana I", Hǫðbroddr is now a king in his own right, whereas in "Helgakviða Hundingsbana II" his father Granmar still rules and Hǫðbroddr is just a prince. "Helgakviða Hundingsbana II" also mentions another brother, Starkaðr.

Hǫðbroddr is betrothed to Sigrún, a valkyrie and the daughter of King Högne. However, Sigrún does not approve of the betrothal and instead flies to Helgi Hundingsbane and urges him to battle Hǫðbroddr. In "Helgakviða Hundingsbana I", she calls Hǫðbroddr as bold as a kitten, although the following stanzas also refer to him as the bane (i.e. killer) of Ísungr (otherwise unknown).

Helgi leads a large army across the sea to attack Hǫðbroddr in a bloody battle. Hǫðbroddr was supported by Högne's sons (Sigrún's brothers). With the help of valkyries, Helgi wins the battle and kills Hǫðbroddr. "Helgakviða Hundingsbana II" says that all of Granmar's sons die in the battle, and includes a description of Sigrún taunting Hǫðbroddr as he lays dying on the battlefield.

Volsunga saga

In Volsunga saga, Hodbrod appears much as he does in the Poetic Edda. He is the son of King Granmar and the betrothed of Sigrun, daughter of King Hogni. He also has a brother, called Granmar like their father (equivalent to Guðmundr in Edda).

Sigrun rejects Hodbrod and urges King Helgi to kill him. Helgi builds up an army and sets out to attack Hodbrodd, who is now king. Hodbrod gathers his own allies in defence, including Hogni, and the two forces meet at Wolfstone. Helgi kills Hodbrod under his banner, and Sigrun celebrates his death.

Gesta Danorum

In Gesta Danorum by Saxo Grammaticus, Hothbrodus (as spelled in Book 2, also called Hodbroddus in a single mention in Book 3) is the King of Sweden. He succeeds to the throne after the deaths of his father Ragnar and his mother Swanhwid, daughter of the Danish King Hadding. Hothbrodus conquered the East, massacring many peoples, and then had two sons named Athislus and Hotherus. Hothbrodus then invaded Denmark, succeeding in killing King Ro, but Ro's brother Helgi retaliated, defeating Hothbrodus' army and killing Hothbrodus himself. (Saxo's Helgi is based on both the Ylfing Helgi Hundingsbane and the Danish skjöldung king Helgi.)

The family tree of legendary Kings of the Danes, according to the Gesta Danorum (Books I to VII)

Kings of the Danes are in bold and marked with an asterisk (*). Kings of the Swedes are marked with a dagger (†). Humble KEY Angul Dan* Grytha Marriage or coupling Parent and child The Angles Humble* Lother* King of the Saxons Inheritance by other or unclear means Sigtryg, King of the Swedes† Skiold* Alfhild Sumble, King of the Finns Gróa Gram*† Signe Henry, King of the Saxons Hakon, King of the Nitherians Swipdag*† [unnamed] Guthorm* Hadding* Ragnhild Asmund† Gunhild Guthorm Henry Uffe† Hunding† Thorhild Ulfhild Ubbe Scot Ragnar† Swanhwid Handwan Thorwald Frode* [unnamed] Hothbrodd† Halfdan* Ro Skat Thora Helge* Ro* Athisl† Urse King Gewar Rolf*† Krage Rute Bjarke Skulde Hiartuar†* Hother†* Nanna Herlek Gerit Rorik* Gerwendil King of Britain Gerutha Horwendil Feng [unnamed] Amleth Hermutrude, Queen of Scotland Wiglek* Wermund* Frowin, governor of Sleswik Uffe*, aka Olaf the Gentle [unnamed] Ket Wig Dan* Hugleik* Frode* the Vigorous Dan* Kraka Ragnar Brak Fridleif* the Swift Gotar, King of Norway Hun, King of the Huns Westmar Koll Gotwar Roller Erik† Gunwar the Fair Alfhild Frode* Hanund Grep 11 other brothers (two named Grep) Hythin, King of Tellemark Alf Eyfura Arngrim Grubb Hiarn* Amund, King of Norway [unnamed] Halfdan† 12 sons, including Anganty Ane Juritha Fridleif* Frogertha Frok Hanef, King of Saxony Swerting, King of Saxony Olaf Frode* Siward† Unnamed sons [unnamed] Ingeld* Helga Helge Asa Frode Fridleif Ingeld Olaf* Karl, governor of Gothland Ulfhild Frode* Hather, a chief Harald* Signe Erik Thorhild Halfdan*† Biargramm Harald Asmund Kings of Norway Name spellings are derived from Oliver Elton's 1905 translation, The First Nine Books of the Danish History of Saxo Grammaticus, via Wikisource.

Gesta Danorum på danskæ

Gesta Danorum på danskæ is an Old Danish work based, in part on Saxo's Gesta Danorum and another Latin chronicle called the Chronicon Lethrense. In this work, Hothbrod is Höðr's father and the son of King Hadding's daughter. He had been killed by Helghe to win all of Denmark.

Hversu Noregr byggdist

In the Ættartölur (genealogies) of Hversu Noregr byggdist, Höddbroddr was the son of Höd, ruler of Haðaland. Höddbroddr was the father of Hrolf, whose line continued for five further generations. One of his descendants was Hromund Gripsson.