Fridlevus I

Fridlevus I is one of the legendary Danish kings described in Saxo Grammaticus' Gesta Danorum.

Text

Gesta Danorum, 4.10

The Danish History, Book Four

Post Dan Fridlevus cognomento Celer imperium sumit. Quo regnante, Huyrvillus Holandiae princeps, icto cum Danis foedere, Norvagiam incessebat. Cuius operibus haud parva claritatis accessio fuit, quod Rusilam virginem militari voto res bellicas aemulatam armis oppressit virilemque gloriam ex muliebri hoste corripuit. Sed et quinque eius complices: Broddonem, Bildum, Bugonem, Fanningum et Gunnolmum, quorum pater Fyn exstitit, ob res ab ipsis praeclare editas in societatem ascivit. Quorum collegio fretus foedus, quod cum Danis contraxerat, ferro disicit. Cuius irruptio hoc nocivior quo fallacior fuit. Neque enim Dani tam repente eum ex amico hostem evasurum credebant. Adeo facilis quorundam ex gratia ad odium transitus exsistere consuevit. Crediderim nostri temporis mores huius viri auspiciis inchoatos, qui mentiri ac fallere inter vitia sordesque non ducimus. Quem Fridlevus australes Syalandiae partes adortum in portu, qui postmodum eius est nomine vocitatus, proelio tentat. In quo ob gloriae aemulationem tanta militum fortitudine concursum est, ut, perpaucis periculum fuga vitantibus, ambae penitus acies consumerentur, nec in partem victoria concessit, ubi par utrosque vulnus implicuit. Adeo omnibus maior gloriae quam vitae cupiditas fuit. Igitur, qui ex Huyrvilli agmine superfuerant, servandae societatis gratia noctu classis suae reliquias mutuis nexibus obligandas curabant. Eadem nocte Bildus et Broddo, rescissis quibus rates cohaesere funiculis, tacite sua a ceterorum complexu navigia submovere, fratrum desertione formidini consulentes magisque timoris quam consanguineae pietatis ductibus obtemperantes. Luce reddita, Fridlevus Huyrvillum, Gunnolmum, Bugonem et Fanningum ex tanta sociorum clade relictos comperiens, unus cum omnibus decernere statuit, ne lacerae copiarum reliquiae denuo discrimen subire cogerentur. Cui praeter insitam animo fortitudinem etiam contemptrix ferri tunica fiduciam ministrabat. Hac in publicis privatisque conflictibus tamquam servatore salutis cultu utebatur. Nec rem fortius quam prosperius exsecutus felicem pugnae eventum habuit, siquidem Huyrvillo, Bugone et Fanningo oppressis, Gunnolmum hostile ferrum carminibus obtundere solitum crebro capuli ictu exanimavit. Dum autem mucroni manum cupidius inserit, elisa nervorum officia reductos in palmam digitos perpetuo curvitatis vinculo perstrinxerunt. Idem cum Duflynum Hyberniae oppidum obsideret murorumque firmitate expugnationis facultatem negari conspiceret, Hadingiani acuminis ingenium aemulatus hirundinum alis inclusum fungis ignem affigi praecepit. Quibus propria nidificatione receptis, subito flammis tecta luxerunt. Quas oppidanis restinguere concurrentibus maioremque sopiendi ignis quam cavendi hostis curam praestantibus, Duflyno potitur. Post haec apud Britanniam amissis bello militibus, cum difficilem ad litus reditum habiturus videretur, interfectorum cadaveribus erectis et in acie collocatis, ita pristinum multitudinis habitum repraesentabat, ut nil ex eius specie tanto vulnere detractum videretur. Quo facto hosti non solum conserendae manus fiduciam abstulit, sed etiam carpendae fugae cupidinem incussit.

After Dan, FRIDLEIF, surnamed the Swift, assumed the sovereignty. During his reign, Huyrwil, the lord of Oland, made a league with the Danes and attacked Norway. No small fame was added to his deeds by the defeat of the amazon Rusila, who aspired with military ardour to prowess in battle: but he gained manly glory over a female foe. Also he took into his alliance, on account of their deeds of prowess, her five partners, the children of Finn, named Brodd, Bild, Bug, Fanning, and Gunholm. Their confederacy emboldened him to break the treaty which he made with the Danes; and the treachery of the violation made it all the more injurious, for the Danes could not believe that he could turn so suddenly from a friend into an enemy; so easily can some veer from goodwill into hate. I suppose that this man inaugurated the morals of our own day, for we do not account lying and treachery as sinful and sordid. When Huyrwil attacked the southern side of Zealand, Fridleif assailed him in the harbour which was afterwards called by Huyrwil's name. In this battle the soldiers, in their rivalry for glory, engaged with such bravery that very few fled to escape peril, and both armies were utterly destroyed; nor did the victory fall to either side, where both were enveloped in an equal ruin. So much more desirous were they all of glory than of life. So the survivors of Huyrwil's army, in order to keep united, had the remnants of their fleet lashed together at night. But, in the same night, Bild and Brodd cut the cables with which the ships were joined, and stealthily severed their own vessels from the rest, thus yielding to their own terrors by deserting their brethren, and obeying the impulses of fear rather than fraternal love. When daylight returned, Fridleif, finding that after the great massacre of their friends only Huyrwil, Gunholm, Bug, and Fanning were left, determined to fight them all single-handed, so that the mangled relics of his fleet might not again have to be imperilled. Besides his innate courage, a shirt of steel-defying mail gave him confidence; a garb which he used to wear in all public battles and in duels, as a preservative of his life. He accomplished his end with as much fortune as courage, and ended the battle successfully. For, after slaying Huyrwil, Bug, and Fanning, he killed Gunholm, who was accustomed to blunt the blade of an enemy with spells, by a shower of blows from his hilt. But while he gripped the blade too eagerly, the sinews, being cut and disabled, contracted the fingers upon the palm, and cramped them with lifelong curvature. While Fridleif was besieging Dublin, a town in Ireland, and saw from the strength of the walls that there was no chance of storming them, he imitated the shrewd wit of Hadding, and ordered fire to be shut up in wicks and fastened to the wings of swallows. When the birds got back in their own nesting-place, the dwellings suddenly flared up; and while the citizens all ran up to quench them, and paid more heed to abating the fire than to looking after the enemy, Fridleif took Dublin. After this he lost his soldiers in Britain, and, thinking that he would find it hard to get back to the coast, he set up the corpses of the slain (Amleth's device) and stationed them in line, thus producing so nearly the look of his original host that its great reverse seemed not to have lessened the show of it a whit. By this deed he not only took out of the enemy all heart for fighting, but inspired them with the desire to make their escape.

The family tree of legendary Kings of the Danes, according to the Gesta Danorum (Books I to VII)

Kings of the Danes are in bold and marked with an asterisk (*). Kings of the Swedes are marked with a dagger (†). Humble KEY Angul Dan* Grytha Marriage or coupling Parent and child The Angles Humble* Lother* King of the Saxons Inheritance by other or unclear means Sigtryg, King of the Swedes† Skiold* Alfhild Sumble, King of the Finns Gróa Gram*† Signe Henry, King of the Saxons Hakon, King of the Nitherians Swipdag*† [unnamed] Guthorm* Hadding* Ragnhild Asmund† Gunhild Guthorm Henry Uffe† Hunding† Thorhild Ulfhild Ubbe Scot Ragnar† Swanhwid Handwan Thorwald Frode* [unnamed] Hothbrodd† Halfdan* Ro Skat Thora Helge* Ro* Athils† Urse King Gewar Rolf*† Krage Rute Bjarke Skulde Hiartuar†* Hother†* Nanna Herlek Gerit Rorik* Gerwendil King of Britain Gerutha Horwendil Feng [unnamed] Amleth Hermutrude, Queen of Scotland Wiglek* Wermund* Frowin, governor of Sleswik Uffe*, aka Olaf the Gentle [unnamed] Ket Wig Dan* Hugleik* Frode* the Vigorous Dan* Kraka Ragnar Brak Fridleif* the Swift Gotar, King of Norway Hun, King of the Huns Westmar Koll Gotwar Roller Erik† Gunwar the Fair Alfhild Frode* Hanund Grep 11 other brothers (two named Grep) Hythin, King of Tellemark Alf Eyfura Arngrim Grubb Hiarn* Amund, King of Norway [unnamed] Halfdan† 12 sons, including Anganty Ane Juritha Fridleif* Frogertha Frok Hanef, King of Saxony Swerting, King of Saxony Olaf Frode* Siward† Unnamed sons [unnamed] Ingeld* Helga Helge Asa Frode Fridleif Ingeld Olaf* Karl, governor of Gothland Ulfhild Frode* Hather, a chief Harald* Signe Erik Thorhild Halfdan*† Biargramm Harald Asmund Kings of Norway Name spellings are derived from Oliver Elton's 1905 translation, The First Nine Books of the Danish History of Saxo Grammaticus, via Wikisource.

References

• Davidson, Hilda Ellis (ed.) and Peter Fisher (tr.) (1999). Saxo Grammaticus : The History of the Danes : Books I-IX. Bury St Edmunds: St Edmundsbury Press. ISBN 0-85991-502-6. First published 1979–1980.
• Elton, Oliver (tr.) (1905). The Nine Books of the Danish History of Saxo Grammaticus. New York: Norroena Society. Available online
• Olrik, J. and H. Ræder (1931). Saxo Grammaticus : Gesta Danorum. Available online