Hebeloma sinapizans
| Hebeloma sinapizans | |
|---|---|
| |
Scientific classification 
| |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Fungi |
| Division: | Basidiomycota |
| Class: | Agaricomycetes |
| Order: | Agaricales |
| Family: | Hymenogastraceae |
| Genus: | Hebeloma |
| Species: | H. sinapizans
|
| Binomial name | |
| Hebeloma sinapizans | |
| Synonyms[1] | |
Hebeloma sinapizans, commonly known as the scaly-stalked heboloma,[2] rough-stalked hebeloma or the bitter poisonpie, is a species of mushroom in the family Hymenogastraceae. It has a strong radish-like smell and a prominent bulbous stem base. H. sinapizans is found in Europe and North America and is poisonous.
Taxonomy
[edit]First described as Hypophyllum sinapizans by Jean-Jacques Paulet in 1793,[3] it was transferred to the genus Hebeloma by Claude Casimir Gillet in 1878.[4] It is commonly known as the "rough-stalked Hebeloma".[5]
Description
[edit]The fruit body has a cap that is initially convex before flattening out in age, reaching a diameter of 4–15.5 centimetres (1+1⁄2–6 inches). The cap may have a shallow umbo. The cap surface ranges from moist to sticky, and it is smooth with a margin that is first curled inward and expanding to become curled upward in maturity; the cap color is whitish-tan to cinnamon-tan, sometimes with pinkish- or reddish-brown tints. The flesh is whitish, thick, and has a radish-like odor and taste. Gills have an adnate attachment to the stipe, and they have a notch just before the point of attachment; the gill edges have tiny fringes or serrations. They are first whitish before turning to yellowish-brown to pale brown after the spores mature.
The stipe measures 2–5 cm (1–2 in) long by 1.3–2.5 cm (1⁄2–1 in) thick, and is roughly equal in width throughout its length.[5]
Fruit bodies produce a pale brown spore print. Spores are elliptical with a rough surface texture, and measure 10–14 by 6–8 μm.[5]
Similar species
[edit]It is similar to the more common H. crustuliniforme, a smaller relative that is also poisonous.
Distribution and habitat
[edit]As of December 2022, the species has been found in 20 countries across Europe as well as in Asiatic Turkey and Lebanon.[6]
The fungus fruits on the ground in groups or fairy rings in deciduous and coniferous forests.[5]
Toxicity
[edit]H. sinapizans mushrooms are poisonous.[5]
See also
[edit]References
[edit]Hebeloma sinapizans | |
|---|---|
 | Gills on hymenium |
 | Cap is convex |
 | Hymenium is adnexed |
 | Stipe is bare |
 | Spore print is brown |
 | Ecology is mycorrhizal |
 | Edibility is poisonous |
- ^ "Hebeloma sinapizans (Paulet) Gillet, Les Hyménomycètes ou Description de tous les Champignons qui Croissent en France: 527, 1878". MycoBank. International Mycological Association. Retrieved 2013-12-01.
- ^ Arora, David (1986). Mushrooms demystified: a comprehensive guide to the fleshy fungi (Second ed.). Berkeley: Ten Speed Press. p. 465. ISBN 978-0-89815-169-5.
- ^ Paulet JJ. (1793). Traité des champignons (in French). Vol. 2. Paris: Louvre. plate 82.
- ^ Gillet CC. (1878). Les Hyménomycètes ou Description de tous les Champignons qui Croissent en France (in French). Alençon: Ch. Thomas. p. 527.
- ^ a b c d e Bessette AE, Roody W, Bessette AR (2007). Mushrooms of the Southeastern United States. Syracuse: Syracuse University Press. p. 137. ISBN 978-0-8156-3112-5.
- ^ "Hebeloma sinapizans". Retrieved 2022-12-28.