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Hagai Ron

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Hagai Ron
Ron in 2005 at the Western Desert
Born(1944-09-06)September 6, 1944
Beith Ha'Arava, Mandatory Palestine
DiedSeptember 10, 2012(2012-09-10) (aged 68)
Kabri, Israel,
CitizenshipIsraeli
Alma mater
Known for
Scientific career
Fields
InstitutionsGeophysical Institute of Israel, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Stanford University

Hagai Ron (September 6, 1944 – September 10, 2012) was a professor at the Institute of Earth Sciences at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, and is considered as the founding father of paleomagnetic research in Israel and a pioneer in the field of the relationship between paleomagnetism and block rotation.[1][2]

Biography

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Ron was born in Kibbutz Beit Ha'Arava in the north of the Dead Sea. In May 1948, when he was three and a half years old, and due to the pressure of the Jordanian army, all the members of the kibbutz and their children were evacuated to Kibbutz Shfayim. After a short time, few of the evacuees, including his parents, founded Kibbutz Kabri in the Western Gallilee. Ron grew up and studied in the kibbutz that was his home throughout his life.

He enlisted in the paratrooper brigade in 1962. After his military service, in 1965 he went for a year of national service in Haifa, in the Machanot Ha'Olim Youth movement, where he met Hadva, his wife. During the Six Day War, he participated with his reserve unit in the battle of Umm-Katef in Sinai Peninsula. During the Yom Kippur War he fought with his unit in the Suez Canal Sector.

Ron studied for all his degrees at the Hebrew University in Jerusalem. He studied for a bachelor's degree between 1969 and 1972, and for his Ms.c degree between 1976 and 1978. His studies for the Ph.D degree (under the guidance of professors Rafi Freund, Amos Nur, and Zvi Garfunkel) between 1979 and 1984. Part of his studies for the Ph.D., in 1980 and 1984, he did at Stanford University, where he was also a postdoctoral fellow in 1985–1986.

At the same time as his undergraduate and graduate studies, he served twice as the secretary of Kibbutz Kabri.

At the height of his academic work, and after having trained many students, some of whom were senior academic staff members themselves, Ron fell ill with a serious illness from which he passed away a short time later. He was laid to rest in the cemetery of Kibbutz Kabri.

Research and career

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In his doctoral thesis, which was published in the mid-1980s, Ron entered the then young field of paleomagnetism research. In this work, he developed innovative research methods, including magnetic measurements of sedimentary rocks, that were used to reconstruct tectonic of blocks rotations between the Galillee faults. These methods were a global breakthrough in the interrelationship between geological fieldwork and geophysics, and are an important landmark in paleomagnetic research in general, even by today's standards.[1][3][4] He went on for a post-doctorate at Stanford University, California, and returned to Israel with the means to establish the first paleomagnetic laboratory in Israel, which was established at the Geophysical Institute of Israel - one of the first cryogenic magnetometers in the world was placed in this laboratory, which constituted the latest technology of paleomagnetic research.[1] In 2001, Ron moved with the laboratory to the Earth Sciences Institute at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem. He made significant contributions to the timing of hominid dispersal out of Africa, having nailed down the date of the oldest discoveries in Israel.[4] For that time, "he championed the use of Israeli and Jordanian archeological materials, most notably metallurgical slag deposits, for the study of paleointensity variations in the southern Levant".[4][5]

Main studies

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His main studies dealt with:

In 2015, the African Archaeological Review dedicated a special issue to Ron's memory. This issue dealt with the study of the Wonderwerk Cave in South Africa. It was Ron's initial paleomagnetic findings from Excavation 1 at this cave that gave the first inkling of the great antiquity of the lowermost layers in that site.[35][36] These results extended the cave sequence back about one million years earlier than previously thought.[1] Attached to this issue[37] is a list of 35 articles written by Ron, relevant to the field.[1]

Study of historical and prehistoric earthquakes

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At the same time as his main work in the field of paleomagnetism, Ron was interested in everything related to historical and prehistoric earthquakes, and supported through the training he gave in the classroom and in the field to archaeologists and historians who were willing to commit themselves to the effort of reconstructing these earthquakes. He followed excavations at archaeological sites that were known to have been affected by earthquakes in the past (for example Beit Shean, Hippos, Jericho and more). He organized a tour of advanced research students from the Department of Geophysics at Stanford University, led by Prof. Amos Nur, to archaeological sites in Israel and the Kingdom of Jordan, where evidence of earthquakes that damaged them were found,[38] and published with him several articles and abstracts of lectures for conferences in the field.[39][40][41] Ron, together with Prof. Amos Nur, produced the award-winning documentary video: "The Walls Came Tumbling Down: "Earthquakes in the Holy Land".[42] In addition, he brought together with Prof. Nur to write a doctoral thesis that was reconstructed for the first time in Israel in a comprehensive way, a historical earthquake (1927).[43][44]

Completion of his studies

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Towards the end of his life, Ron initiated two new projects that did not come to fruition in his lifetime due to his illness: As part of the deep drilling in the Dead Sea, Ron planned to conduct paleomagnetic research on sediments from the last 200 thousand years, as a direct continuation of similar projects he led during the 1990s and 2000s.[45][12] In addition, he planned a study on lava flows in the Golan Heights as a means of better understanding the behavior of the geomagnetic field. Ron's students and colleagues completed these studies after his death.[46] Some of Ron's last research was dedicated to a large-scale archaeomagnetic campaign aiming at reconstructing variations in the intensity of the geomagnetic field over the past several millennia from pottery and slag materials.[47][48][17][49] This effort, currently continued by his students, is expected to deliver a brand new dating technique for the archaeological community.[1]

Academic appointments in Israel and abroad

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  • 1986 - Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Institute of Earth Sciences - senior lecturer
  • 1986 - 2001 - Geophysical Institute of Israel - senior researcher and director of the paleomagnetic laboratory.
  • 1992 - 1993 - Stanford University, California, School of Earth Sciences - Associate Professor
  • 1993 - 1994 - University of Minnesota, Institute of Rock Magnetism - Research associate
  • 1999 - 2000 - Stanford University, California, School of Earth Sciences - Associate Professor
  • 2000 - 2008 - Hebrew University in Jerusalem, Institute of Earth Sciences - Associate Professor and later Research Associate and Director of the Paleomagnetic Laboratory
  • 2003 - Earth Science Research Center Potsdam, Germany GFZ - Research Fellow
  • 2004 - 2007 - Western Galilee College, Chairman of the Research Authority - Associate Professor
  • 2009 - 2012 - Hebrew University in Jerusalem, Institute of Earth Sciences - senior research fellow and director of the paleomagnetic laboratory

In addition, he served as a senior consultant for the "Tagar projec" (nuclear plant) Shivta" (1987–1989); as the chairman of the scientific committee of the Israel Geophysical Institute (1992–1997); Member of this committee until 2000; Associate editor of the Israel Journal of Earth Sciences between 1989 - 1992 and member of the executive committee of the Western Galilee College (2001–2004). At the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, during his work there, he taught the courses in Paleomagnetism, Structural geology, advanced Geological mapping, the structure and tectonics of Northern Israel, the Geology of the "Mount Carmel", the Geology of the Dead Sea transform in Northern Israel, and an Introduction to geology for geographers.

References

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  1. ^ a b c d e f Shaar., Ron (13 November 2015). "Remembering Hagai (1944–2012)". African Archaeological Review. 32 (4): 591–594. doi:10.1007/s10437-015-9207-6 – via Springer Nature.
  2. ^ "Paleomagnetism in the Levant and Near East: Honoring Late Prof. Hagai Ron (1944 - 2012)" (PDF). The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, October 15, 2017.
  3. ^ "Prof. Hagai Ron (1944–2012)". Scholars.huji.ac.il.
  4. ^ a b c Tauxe, Lisa (20 November 2012). "Hagai Ron (1944–2012)" (PDF). Eos (Magazine). 93 (47): 475. Bibcode:2012EOSTr..93..475T. doi:10.1029/2012EO470006 – via American Geophysical Union (AGU).
  5. ^ "Prof. Hagai Ron". The Fredy & Nadine Herrmann Institute of Earth Sciences at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem.
  6. ^ a b Ron Hagai & Yehuda Eyal (January 1985). "Intraplate Deformation by Block Rotation and Mesostructures Along the Dead Sea Transform, Northern Israel". Tectonics. 4 (1): 85–105. Bibcode:1985Tecto...4...85R. doi:10.1029/TC004i001p00085 – via ResearchGate.
  7. ^ Ron, H., 1987. Deformation Along the Yammuneh, Restraining Bend of the Dead Sea Transform: Paleomagnetic Data and Kinematics Implications. Tectonics, 6, Vol. 5 pp. 653-666. and Ron, H., Aydin, A., Nur, A., 1986. Strike Slip Faulting and Block Rotation in the Lake Mead Fault System. Geology, 14 pp. 1020-1023 and 6 more
  8. ^ Granot, R., Tauxe, L., Gee, J., Ron, H. (2007). "A View into the Cretaceous Geomagnetic Field from Analysis of Gabbros and Submarine Glasses". Earth and Planetary Letters. 256 (1–2): 1–11. Bibcode:2007E&PSL.256....1G. doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2006.12.028 – via Ben-Gurion University of the Negev.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  9. ^ a b Granot R., Abelson M., Ron H., Agnon A. (2006). "The Oceanic Crust in 3D: Paleomagnetic Reconstruction in the Troodos Ophiolite Gabbro". .Earth and Planetary Science Letters. 251 (3–4): 280–292. Bibcode:2006E&PSL.251..280G. doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2006.09.019 – via ResearchGate.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  10. ^ Marco, S., Stein, M., Agnon A., Ron H. (March 10, 1996). "Long Term Earthquake Clastering: A 50,000 Years Paleoseismic Record in the Dead Sea Graben" (PDF). Journal of Geophysical Research. 101 (B3): 6179–6191. Bibcode:1996JGR...101.6179M. doi:10.1029/95JB01587 – via Tel Aviv University.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  11. ^ Ron, H., Nowaczyk, N., R., Frank, U., Schwab, M., J., Naumann, R., Striewski, B., Agnon, A. (July 2007). "Greigite Detected as Dominating Remanence Carrier in Late Pleistocene Sediments, Lisan formation, from Lake Kinneret (Sea of Galilee), Israel". Geophysical Journal International 1. 170 (1): 117–131. Bibcode:2007GeoJI.170..117R. doi:10.1111/j.1365-246X.2007.03425.x.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  12. ^ a b Ron H., Nowaczyk N., R., Frank, U Marco. S., McWilliam (2006). "Magnetic Properties of Lake Lisan and Holocene Dead Sea Sediments and the Fidelity of Chemical and Detrital Remanent Magnetization". Geological Society of America Special Papers. 401: 171–182 – via ResearchGate.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  13. ^ Salamon, A., Hofstetter, A., Garfunkel, Z., Ron, H. (October 1996). "Seismicity of the Eastern Mediterranean Region: Perspective from the Sinai Subplate". Tectonophysics. 263 (1–4): 293–305. Bibcode:1996Tectp.263..293S. doi:10.1016/S0040-1951(96)00030-3 – via Elsevier Science Direct.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  14. ^ a b Ron, H., Kolodny, Y. (May 1992). "Paleomagnetic and Rock Magnetic Study of Combustion Metamorphic Rocks in Israel". Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres. 97 (B5): 6927–6939. Bibcode:1992JGR....97.6927R. doi:10.1029/91JB03072 – via ResearchGate.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  15. ^ Marco, S., Ron, H., Matthews, A., Beyth, M.,and Navon, O. (1993). "Chemical Remanent Magnetism Related to the Dead Sea Rift: Evidence From Precambrian Igneous Rocks of Mount Timna, Southern Israel" (PDF). Journal of Geophysical Research. 98 (B9): 16, 001–16, 012. Bibcode:1993JGR....9816001M. doi:10.1029/93JB01426 – via Tel Aviv University.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  16. ^ Shaar, R., 2005. Magnetic Study of Synthetic Slag Deposits: Implications to Absolute Paleo-Intensity of the Earth Field. Ph.D. Thessis under the instructios of Ron, H., Agnon, A., and Kessel, R., The Hebrew University of Jerusalem and 3 more disertations.
  17. ^ a b Shaar, R., Ron, H., Tauxe, L., Kessel, R. (February 2010). "Testing the Accuracy of Absolute Intensity Estimates of Ancient Geomagnetic Field Using Copper Slag Material". Earth and Planetary Science Letters. 290 (1): 201–213. Bibcode:2010E&PSL.290..201S. doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2009.12.022 – via ResearchGate.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  18. ^ Granot, R., Abelson, M., Ron, H., W. Lusk, M. W., Agnon, A. (August 2011). "Direct Evidence for Dynamic Magma supply Fossilized in the Lower Oceanic Crust of the Troodos Ophiolite". Geophysical Research Letters. 38 (L16311): 1–6. Bibcode:2011GeoRL..3816311G. doi:10.1029/2011GL048220.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  19. ^ Ebert, Y., Kessel, R., Shaar, R., Agnon, A., Ron, H. (December 2010). "Petrology and Rock Magnetism of the Gabbro of Troodos Ophiolite". Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors. 183 (3–4): 413–420. Bibcode:2010PEPI..183..413E. doi:10.1016/j.pepi.2010.09.006 – via Elsevier Science Direct.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  20. ^ Ron, H., Aydin, A., Nur, A. (December 1986). "Strike-Slip Faulting and Block Rotation in the Lake Mead Fault System". Geology. 14 (12): 1020–1023. Bibcode:1986Geo....14.1020R. doi:10.1130/0091-7613(1986)14<1020:SFABRI>2.0.CO;2 – via GeoScienceWorld.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  21. ^ A .Ron, H., Nur, A., Aydin (August 1993). "Rotation of Stress and Blocks in the Lake Mead, Nevada, Fault System". Geophysical Research Letters. 20 (16): 1706–1703. Bibcode:1993GeoRL..20.1703R. doi:10.1029/93GL01656 – via AGUpubs.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  22. ^ Eyal, Y., Ron H. (June 1995). "Late Cenozoic Crustal Deformation of the North-Central Basin and Range Province, Western US". Tectonophysics. 246 (4): 211–224. Bibcode:1995Tectp.246..211E. doi:10.1016/0040-1951(94)00264-A – via Elsevier Science Direct.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  23. ^ Ron, H., Nur, A. (November 1996). "Vertical Axis Rotations in the Mojave: Evidence from the Independence Dike Swarm". Geology. 24 (11): 976–973. Bibcode:1996Geo....24..973R. doi:10.1130/0091-7613(1996)024<0973:VARITM>2.3.CO;2 – via GeoScienceWorld.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  24. ^ A.Ron, H., Freund, R., Garfunkel, Z., Nur (July 1984). "Block Rotation by Strike-Slip Faulting: Structural and Paleomagnetic Evidence". Journal of Geophysical Research - Solid Earth. 89 (B7): 6256–6270. Bibcode:1984JGR....89.6256R. doi:10.1029/JB089iB07p06256 – via AGUpubs.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  25. ^ Ron, H., Nur, A., Eyal, Y. (December 1990). "Multiple Strike-Slip Fault Sets: A Case Study from the Dead Sea Transform". Tectonics. 9 (6): 1421–1431. Bibcode:1990Tecto...9.1421R. doi:10.1029/TC009i006p01421.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  26. ^ Ron, H. (October 1987). "Deformation Along the Yammuneh, The Restraining Bend of the Dead Sea Transform: Paleomagnetic Data and Kinematic Implications". Tectonics. 6 (5): 653–666. Bibcode:1987Tecto...6..653R. doi:10.1029/TC006i005p00653 – via AGUpubs.
  27. ^ Heimann, A., Ron, H. (September 1987). "Young Faults in the Hula Pull-Apart Basin, Central Dead Sea Transform". Tectonophysics. 141 (1–3): 117–124. Bibcode:1987Tectp.141..117H. doi:10.1016/0040-1951(87)90179-X.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  28. ^ Heimann, A., Ron, H. (April 1993). "Geometric Changes of Plate Boundaries Along Part of the Northern Dead Sea Transform: Geochronologic and Paleomagnetic Evidence". Tectonics. 12 (2): 477–491. Bibcode:1993Tecto..12..477H. doi:10.1029/92tc01789 – via .AGUpubs.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  29. ^ Z.Weinberger, R., Agnon, A., Ron, H., Garfunkel (June 1995). "Rotation About an Inclined Axis: Three Dimensional Matrices for Reconstructing Paleomagnetic and Structural Data". Journal of Structural Geology. 17 (6): 777–782. Bibcode:1995JSG....17..777W. doi:10.1016/0191-8141(94)00108-C – via Elsevier Science Direct.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  30. ^ .Weinberger, R., Agnon, A., Ron H. (March 1997). "Paleomagnetic Reconstruction of a Diapir Emplacement: A Case Study from Sedom Diapir, the Dead Sea Rift". Journal of Geophysical Research. 102 (B3): 5173–5192. Bibcode:1997JGR...102.5173W. doi:10.1029/96JB02287 – via AGUpubs.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  31. ^ Nur, A., Ron, H. (July 1993). "The Nature of the Landers-Mojave Earthquake Line". Science. 261 (5118): 201–203. Bibcode:1993Sci...261..201N. doi:10.1126/science.261.5118.201. PMID 17829278 – via Science.org.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  32. ^ Marco. S., Stein, M., Agnon, A., Ron, H. (March 1996). "Long-term Earthquake Clustering: A 50,000-Year Paleoseismic Record in the Dead Sea Graben". Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres. 101 (3): 6179–6191. Bibcode:1996JGR...101.6179M. doi:10.1029/95JB01587 – via ResearchGate.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  33. ^ Nur A., Ron H., "And the walls Came Tumbling Down: Earthquake History in the Holy Land", in Stiros S. and Jones R., Archaeoseismology, British School at Athens, Fitch Laboratory Occasional Paper, 7, 1996, p. 75-85.
  34. ^ Ron, H., Levi, S. (October 2001). "When did Hominids Firest Leave Africa? New High-Resolution Magnetostratigraphy from the Erk-El-Ahmar Formation, Israel" (PDF). Geology. 29 (10): 633–639. Bibcode:2001Geo....29..887R. doi:10.1130/0091-7613(2001)029<0887:WDHFLA>2.0.CO;2 – via hergilsey.is.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  35. ^ Ron, H., Beaumont, P., Chazan, M., Horwitz, L.K., Porat, N., & Yates, R. (2005). Evidence for early Acheulian cave occupation revealed by the magnetostratigraphy of Wonderwerk Cave, Northern Cape. SASQUA XVI Biennial Conference, Bloemfontein, Abstracts, 49–50.
  36. ^ Chazan, M., Ron, H., Matmon, A., Porat, N., Goldberg, P., Yates, R., Avery, M., , Sumner, A.,, Horwitz, L., K. (July 2008). "Radiometric Dating of the Earlier Stone Age Sequence in Excavation I at Wonderwerk Cave, South Africa: Preliminary Results". Journal of Human Evolution. 55 (1): 1–11. Bibcode:2008JHumE..55....1C. doi:10.1016/j.jhevol.2008.01.004. PMID 18501953 – via Elsevier Science Direct.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  37. ^ Liora Kolska Horwitz and Michael Chazan (December 2015). "Special Issue: Archaeological and Palaeoenvironmental Perspectives on Wonderwerk Cave, South Africa". African Archaeological Review. 32 (4): 591–876 – via Link.Springer.
  38. ^ Amos Nur and Dawn Burgess (April 13, 2008). Apocalypse: Earthquakes, Archaeology, and the Wrath of God. Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-0-691-23698-8
  39. ^ Nur, A., Ron, H. (1996). "Armageddon's earthquakes". Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union. 77 (46) – via EurekaMag - Life, Earth & Medical Sciences.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  40. ^ Nur, A., Ron, H. (1997). "Armageddon's earthquakes". International Geology Review. 39 (6): 532–541. Bibcode:1997IGRv...39..532N. doi:10.1080/00206819709465287 – via EurekaMag - Life, Earth & Medical Sciences.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  41. ^ Nur, A., Ron, H. (2000). "Armageddon's Earthquakes". International Book Series. 3: 44–53 – via EurekaMag - Life, Earth & Medical Sciences.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  42. ^ Amos Nur, Hagai Ron (1997). "Earthquake! Inspiration for Armageddon". Biblical Archaeology Society/library, July/August 1997.
  43. ^ Avni, R. (February 1999). "The 1927 Jericho Earthquake - Comprehensive Macroseismic Analysis Based on Contemporary Sources (in Hebrew, Summary in English)". Ben-Gurion University of the Negev.
  44. ^ Avni, R., Bowman, D., Shapira, A., Nur, A (October 2002). "Erroneous Interpretation of Historical Documents Related to the Epicenter of the 1927 Jericho Earthquake in the Holy Land". Journal of Seismology. 6 (4): 469–476. Bibcode:2002JSeis...6..469A. doi:10.1023/A:1021191824396 – via ResearchGate.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  45. ^ Marco, S., Ron, H., McWilliams, M. O., Stein, M (Sep 1998). "High-Resolution Record of Geomagnetic Secular Variation from Late Pleistocene Lake Lisan Sediments (Paleo Dead Sea)". Earth and Planetary Science Letters. 161 (1–4): 145–160. Bibcode:1998E&PSL.161..145M. doi:10.1016/S0012-821X(98)00146-0 – via Tel Aviv University.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  46. ^ Behar, N., Shaar, R., Tauxe, L., Asefaw, H., Ebert, Y., Heimann, A., Koppers, A.P., Ron., H. (2019). "Paleomagnetism and Paleosecular VariationsFrom the Plio-Pleistocene Golan Heights Volcanic Plateau, Israel". Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems. 20 (9): 4319–4335. Bibcode:2019GGG....20.4319B. doi:10.1029/2019GC008479 – via agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  47. ^ Ben-Yosef, E., Ron, H., Tauxe, L., Agnon, A., Genevey, A., Levy, T. E., Avner, U. and Najjar, M. (August 2008). "Application of Copper Slag in Geomagnetic Archaeointensity Research". Journal of Geophysical Research - Solid Earth. 113 (B8): 1–26. Bibcode:2008JGRB..113.8101B. doi:10.1029/2007JB005235.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  48. ^ .Ben-Yosef, E., Tauxe, L., Levy, T. E., Shaar, R., Ron, R., Najjar, M (Oct 2009). "Geomagnetic Intensity Spike Recorded in High Resolution Slag Deposit in Southern Jordan". Earth and Planetary Science Letters. 287 (3–4): 529–539. Bibcode:2009E&PSL.287..529B. doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2009.09.001.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  49. ^ .Shaar, R., Ben-Yosef, E., Ron, H., Tauxe, L., Agnon A., Kessel, R (January 2011). "Geomagnetic Field Intensity: How High Can it Get? How Fast can it Change? Constraints from Iron Age Copper Slag". Earth and Planetary Science Letters. 301 (1–2): 297–306. Bibcode:2011E&PSL.301..297S. doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2010.11.013.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
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