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HMS Ariel (1911)

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Coordinates: 54°10′N 8°4′E / 54.167°N 8.067°E / 54.167; 8.067
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For other ships with the same name, see HMS Ariel.

HMS Ariel
History
United Kingdom
NameHMS Ariel
BuilderJohn I. Thornycroft & Company, Woolston
Launched26 September 1911[1]
FateMined on 2 August 1918
General characteristics
Class and typeAcheron-class destroyer
Displacement770 long tons (780 t)
Length250 ft (76 m)[2]
Beam26 ft (7.9 m)
Draught8.9 ft (2.7 m)
Installed power15,500 shp (11,600 kW)[2]
Propulsion
Speed29 kn (33 mph; 54 km/h)[2]
Range5,500 nmi (6,300 mi; 10,200 km) at 15 kn (17 mph; 28 km/h)
Complement70
Armament

HMS Ariel was an Acheron-class destroyer built in 1911, which served during the First World War and sank in 1918 after striking a mine. Named after Shakespeare's "airy spirit", or the biblical spirit of the same name, she was the tenth and last ship of the name to serve in the Royal Navy.

Construction

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Destroyers of the Harwich Flotilla

With her sister, Acheron, she was a "Thornycroft special", and as such was slightly longer and more powerful than the standard destroyer of her class. Ariel was laid down at the Woolston yard of John I. Thornycroft & Company, and launched on 26 September 1911. Capable of 29 kn (54 km/h; 33 mph), she carried two 4 in (100 mm) guns, other smaller guns and 21-inch (533 mm) torpedo tubes and had a complement of 70 men.

Pennant numbers

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Pennant Number[3] From To
H11 6 December 1914 1 September 1915
H37 1 September 1915 1 January 1918
H07 1 January 1918 Sunk 2 August 1918

Career

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As part of the First Destroyer Flotilla, she was attached to the Grand Fleet in August 1914, and then to the Third Battle Squadron from the spring of 1916. Once converted to a minelayer in 1917, she became part of the 20th Flotilla.[1]

Establishing the Heligoland Bight patrol

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On 5 August 1914, Ariel towed submarine E8 to Terschelling. They were in company with cruiser Amethyst and submarine E6. After releasing the tow, the two submarines conducted the first Heligoland Bight patrol of the war.[4]

Battle of Heligoland Bight

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As part of the Harwich Force, the First Destroyer Flotilla took part in the Battle of Heligoland Bight on 28 August.[5] Ariel — under Commander Dashwood Moir — shared in the prize money for the battle.

Battle of Dogger Bank

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On 24 January 1915, Ariel took part in the Battle of Dogger Bank as part of the First Destroyer Flotilla, with Aurora as flotilla leader. Aurora was the first British ship to engage the German ships as she encountered Hipper's screening vessels at the Dogger Bank at 07:05.

Sinking of U-12

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U-12 shown with seaplane on deck

On 10 March, in company with her sisters Attack and Acheron, Ariel was searching for a German submarine reported by the trawler Man Island[6] near Aberdeen. At 10:10, Attack sighted U-12 and opened fire. Ariel, commanded by Lt Cdr J V Creagh,[7] sighted the submarine at 10:12 at about 2 nmi (3.7 km; 2.3 mi) and all three destroyers turned towards it. U-12 dived and raised her periscope, which Ariel sighted at a distance of 200 yd (180 m). She turned to ram, sighting the conning tower under the water in the final moments before she struck the submarine at a fine angle.[6] Within two minutes, the submarine had returned to the surface so that the crew could escape, but they found the conning tower hatch jammed, and most of the survivors managed their escape via the other hatches. The destroyers opened fire as the submarine lay on the surface, killing and injuring some of the escaping sailors. At 10:30, U-12 sank approximately in position 56°15′N 1°56′W / 56.250°N 1.933°W / 56.250; -1.933, and the destroyers picked up 10 survivors; 19 lives had been lost.[8][9] The damage to Ariel's bow was so serious that she had to be towed into port.[6]

Battle of Jutland

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Ariel was present at the Battle of Jutland on 31 May 1916 under the command of Lieutenant Commander Tippet[10] as part of the First Destroyer Flotilla, led by Fearless.[11]

Sinking of UC-19

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On 6 December 1916,[12] UC-19 sank the Russian sailing ship Ans (Later claimed to have been sunk by UB-29). The P&O vessel Kashmir sent out a radio warning, and later the same day Ariel's lookouts spotted the conning tower of a submarine. A depth charge was dropped in the position of the submarine, but it failed to explode. Ariel's explosive paravane was deployed, and after an explosion at about 30 ft (9.1 m), oil and bubbles were observed.[13] Twenty-five German sailors were killed, and UC-19 now lies in about 330 ft (100 m) of water in an approximate position of 49°41′N 06°31′W / 49.683°N 6.517°W / 49.683; -6.517.[12]

Conversion to minelayer

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In 1917, the Acheron-class destroyers Ferret, Sandfly and Ariel were converted to minelaying destroyers,[14] capable of carrying 40 mines.[15] Ariel served with the 20th Flotilla, and operated out of Immingham.[16]

Minelaying operations in the Heligoland Bight

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The provision of converted minelaying destroyers and the availability of reliable H2-pattern mines allowed the greatest allied minelaying operation of the First World War — the attempt to close Heligoland Bight to German ships and submarines. Ariel — with her sisters — was employed on this work until the end of the war. On 27 March 1918, while laying a barrier minefield 70 nmi (81 mi; 130 km) north-west of Heligoland, Ariel — in company with Ferret, Abdiel, Legion and Telemachus[17] — came upon three armed German trawlers, Polarstern, Mars and Scharbentz. All three vessels were sunk and 72 prisoners were captured.[14][18]

Loss

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On 2 August, while conducting minelaying in the western end of the Heligoland Bight, the V-class destroyer Vehement sank after striking a German mine.[19] In attempting to exit the minefield, Ariel lost her bow and sank in less than an hour.[20] 49 people died, including her commanding officer, Lieutenant Frank A Rothera.[19]

Citations

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  1. ^ a b "Battleships-Cruisers.co.uk website - Acheron Class". Retrieved 1 July 2008.
  2. ^ a b c "I-class destroyers (extract from Jane's Fighting Ships of 1919)". Retrieved 19 October 2008.
  3. ^ ""Arrowsmith" List: Royal Navy WWI Destroyer Pendant Numbers". Retrieved 1 July 2008.
  4. ^ Keyes, Sir Roger (1934). The Naval Memoirs of Admiral of the Fleet Sir Roger Keyes. Vol. 1: The Narrow Seas to the Dardanelles 1910-1915. London: Thornton Butterworth. p. 68.
  5. ^ "Heligoland Bight - Order of Battle". Retrieved 17 October 2008.
  6. ^ a b c Verschollen: World War I U-boat Losses, by Dwight R Messimer, Naval Institute Press, 2002, ISBN 978-1-55750-475-3, p.27
  7. ^ "German Submarine Losses From All Causes During World War One, Compiled and Edited by J David Perkins". Retrieved 18 October 2008.
  8. ^ "After 90 years, sea gives up secret of sunken sub". The Scotsman. 15 January 2008. Retrieved 18 October 2008.
  9. ^ "Divers discover U-boat wreckage". BBC. 14 January 2008. Retrieved 18 October 2008.
  10. ^ "The Battle of Jutland - Order of Battle". Retrieved 17 October 2008.
  11. ^ "Battle of Jutland - Forces Involved at Bob Henneman's website". Archived from the original on 20 August 2008. Retrieved 18 October 2008.
  12. ^ a b "UC-19 at U-Boat.net". Retrieved 18 October 2008.
  13. ^ Lost Patrols: Submarine Wrecks of the English Channel, by Innes McCartney and Jak Mallmann-Showell, Periscope Publishing Ltd, 2002, ISBN 978-1-904381-04-4, p.20
  14. ^ a b Dewar, Alfred C. (1922). "Minesweeping and Minelaying" . In Chisholm, Hugh (ed.). Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 31 (12th ed.). London & New York: The Encyclopædia Britannica Company. pp. 949–955, see page 954.
  15. ^ Smith 2005, p. 22.
  16. ^ "British Destroyers - Naval history.net website". Retrieved 17 October 2008.
  17. ^ "An Index of Prize Bounties as announced in the London Gazette 1915 - 1925". Archived from the original on 24 September 2015. Retrieved 10 November 2009.
  18. ^ Smith 2005, pp. 44–49.
  19. ^ a b "Royal Navy Casualty List, August 1918 - Naval history.net website". Retrieved 17 October 2008.
  20. ^ "World War I Naval Combat - Major Warship losses in 1918". Retrieved 19 October 2008.

References

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  • Smith, Peter C. (2005). Into the Minefields: British Destroyer Minelaying 1916–1960. Barnsley, UK: Pen & Sword Maritime. ISBN 1-84415-271-5.
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Wikisource has the text of the 1922 Encyclopædia Britannica article "Minesweeping and Minelaying ".

54°10′N 8°4′E / 54.167°N 8.067°E / 54.167; 8.067

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