Giovanni Parenti
 | This article has an unclear citation style. (September 2023) |
Giovanni Parenti | |
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| Died | 1250 |
Giovanni Parenti, O.F.M.[a] (died 1250) was an Italian Friar Minor and St. Francis of Assisi's successor as head of the order.[which?] Parenti had a legal background. He served as Minister Provincial in Spain before being chosen Minister General in 1227. Parenti held a literal interpretation of poverty as it applied to the order; a view that was not shared by everyone. He stepped down in 1232 and was succeeded by Elias of Cortona.
Life
[edit]Parenti was born in Carmignano near Pistoia. He was a lawyer and judge in Civita Castellana. He became a member of the province of Tuscany.[citation needed] After the General Chapter of 1219, he was sent to the Iberian Peninsula,[1] to succeed Bernard of Quintavalle as Minister Provincial for that region.
In 1220, Francis resigned the office of general of the order, which he entrusted first to Peter of Cattaneo. Upon Peter's early death on 10 March 1221, he appointed Elias of Cortona but retained a certain supreme direction of the order until his death on 3 October 1226. Elias of Cortona, as the vicar general of Francis, summoned the regular Pentecost Chapter for the following year, and on 29 May 1227, Parenti, was chosen as first successor of St. Francis and first minister-general. He has often been regarded as a native of Florence, but probably came from the neighborhood of Rome.[2]
Minister General
[edit]As Minister General, Parenti gave the order not to accept apostates, and that no one should be professed without permission of the Minister Provincial. Gregory IX employed the new general on political missions at Florence and Rome, and charged the Franciscans with the direction and maintenance of the Poor Clares.[2]
In 1230, the friars gathered for the General Chapter. There were also many people from the surrounding towns, as this was to coincide with the translation of Francis' body from the Church of St. George to the new basilica. It was then discovered that Elias, with the cooperation of the secular authorities who were concerned about crowd control, had the body secretly interred some days previously, without notifying the Minister General. The celebratory ceremonies went on after the fact.[3]
At the General Chapter, Elias, through his supporters, attempted to take charge of the order; but he was resisted by Anthony of Padua and a number of Minister Provincials. Those who had disturbed the proceedings were subsequently scattered among the various provinces, and Elias retired to a hermitage for a time.[3]
Parenti and Elias differed on their interpretation of the rule. Parenti held a strictly literal view. A delegation was sent to Rome to ask for clarification. The section in question was Chapter IV, which "strictly enjoins on all the brothers that in no wise they receive coins or money, either themselves or through an interposed person."[needs copy edit][4] In September 1230, Gregory IX issued the bull Quo elongati. In it, the pope said that as he helped Francis draft the Rule, he understood the founder's intent. Realizing that strict compliance with "holy poverty" was in many ways impractical for both adequate care off the aged and infirm friars, and those friars serving in convents in the towns, rather than in hermitages, Gregory declared that the brothers may appoint a messenger (nuntius), who may receive money from benefactors and in the latter's name either spend it for the present needs of the friars, or confide it to a spiritual friend for imminent wants. The principle of absolute poverty is maintained for the individual friar and for the whole community; still the use of the necessary movable objects is granted them.[4]
Parenti, under pressure to step down,[5] resigned in 1232 at a chapter held in Rieti, and Elias became General Minister.
He retired to the Vicariate of Sardinia. According to the Franciscan Martyrology, he died in Corsica in 1240.[3]
Notes
[edit]- ^ Johannes, Joannes, John Parenti; Johannes Parens
References
[edit]- ^ "Friars Minor Conventual". Archived from the original on 2007-04-30. Retrieved 2007-11-16.
- ^ a b Bihl, Michael. "Order of Friars Minor." The Catholic Encyclopedia Vol. 6. New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1909. 28 December 2019
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
- ^ a b c Arnald of Sarrant, Chronicle of the Twenty-Four Generals of the Order of Friars Minor, trans. Noel Muscat, OFM (TAU Franciscan Communications, 2010).
- ^ a b Oliger, Livarius. "Rule of Saint Francis." The Catholic Encyclopedia Vol. 6. New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1909. 6 January 2020 This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
- ^ Morris, Colin. The Papal Monarchy: The Western Church from 1050 to 1250. p. 462.
Sources
[edit]- Rosalind B. Brooke, Early Franciscan Government:Ellias to Bonaventure, Ch. 3
