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Gerhard Loos

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Gerhard Loos
Born21 August 1916
Kommern district of Brüx, Sudetenland
Died6 March 1944 (1944-03-07) (aged 27)
near Oldenburg
Cause of deathKilled in action
Allegiance Nazi Germany
Service / branchLuftwaffe
Years of service1939–1944
RankOberleutnant (first lieutenant)
Commands9./JG 54
Battles / warsWorld War II
AwardsKnight's Cross of the Iron Cross

Gerhard Loos (21 August 1916 – 6 March 1944) was a German military aviator who served in the Luftwaffe during World War II. As a fighter ace, he claimed 92 aerial victories, 14 of which were claimed in Defense of the Reich.[1]

Born in Kommern within the Sudetenland, Loos served in the Luftwaffe of Nazi Germany. Following flight training, he served as an instructor before being posted to Jagdgeschwader 54 (JG 54—54th Fighter Wing) in late 1942, operating on the Eastern Front. He claimed his first aerial victory on 19 February 1943. By late September 1943, his number of aerial victories had increased to 83 and was transferred to the Western Front. Here, he was awarded the German Cross in Gold on 17 October 1943 and the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross on 5 February 1944. On 21 February, Loos was appointed Staffelkapitän (squadron leader) of 9. Staffel (9th squadron) of JG 54. He was killed in action on 6 March 1944 in aerial combat with United States Army Air Forces fighters near Oldenburg.

Career

[edit]

Loos was born on 21 August 1916 in Kommern, at the time part of Brüx within the Sudetenland, present-day Komořany which is part of Most in the Czech Republic. In early 1939, Loos entered the Luftwaffe and following completion of flight and fighter pilot training,[Note 1] he served as an instructor with a Jagdfliegerschule 5, the fighter pilot school in Wien-Schwechat. In late 1942, Loos was posted to I. Gruppe (1st group) of Jagdgeschwader 54 (JG 54—54th Fighter Wing) based on the Eastern Front.[3][4]

War against the Soviet Union

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In early 1943, I. Gruppe of JG 54 was based at Krasnogvardeysk, present-day Gatchina, southwest of Leningrad, and fighting in the Siege of Leningrad in support of Army Group North. In February, the Gruppe converted from the Messerschmitt Bf 109 G-2 to the radial engine powered Focke-Wulf Fw 190 A-4 fighter aircraft.[5] Loos claimed his first aerial victory on 19 February while fighting in the Demyansk Offensive. Assigned to 3. Staffel under command of Hauptmann Gerhard Koall, Loss shot down a Petlyakov Pe-2 bomber.[6]

Scale model of Focke-Wulf Fw 190 A-4 JG 54.

In early July, I. Gruppe of JG 54 was ordered to move to Oryol, in the southern sector of Army Group Centre, where it fought in Operation Citadel which initiated the Battle of Kursk. Subordinated to Luftflotte 6 (Air Fleet 6), the Gruppe began relocating on 2 July and arrived at the airfield named Panikowo, a makeshift airfield created for the attack on the Kursk salient, on 4 July.[7] The next day, the Wehrmacht launched Operation Citadel and I. Gruppe supported the attack of the 9th Army on the northern sector of the salient, escorting bombers of Kampfgeschwader 4, 51 and KG 53 (KG 4, KG 51—4th, 51st Bomber Wing), as well as Junkers Ju 87 dive bombers of Sturzkampfgeschwader 1 (StG 1—1st Dive Bomber Wing) to their target areas. That day, I. Gruppe claimed 59 aerial victories, including five aircraft, three Lavochkin-Gorbunov-Gudkov LaGG-3 fighters and two Ilyushin Il-2 ground-attack aircraft, by Loos in the vicinity of Maloarkhangelsk. This achievement made him an "ace-in-a-day".[8] Two days later, Loos claimed another Il-2 ground-attack aircraft shot down. The Il-2 belonged to 299 ShAD (Shturmovaya Aviatsionnyy Diveeziya—Ground Attack Air Division) piloted by Leytenánt A. S. Baranov.[9]

On 20 July during the Soviet counteroffensive Operation Kutuzov, I. Gruppe relocated to Karachev.[10] On 4 August, supporting German forces fighting at Oryol, the Gruppe claimed 25 aerial victories, including six by Loos, his second "ace-in-a-day" achievement.[11] On 9 August, the Gruppe was ordered to an aifield named Bolschoje Rudka located near Poltava. Here the Gruppe supported German forces fighting against the Soviet Belgorod–Bogodukhov offensive operation.[12] Here on 23 August on the final day of the Belgorod–Kharkov offensive operation, Loos achieved his third "ace-in-a-day" achievement, claiming three Douglas A-20 Havoc bombers, also known as Boston, two Pe-2 bombers and a single Il-2 ground-attack aircraft shot down.[13] On 20 September, Loos was awarded the Honor Goblet of the Luftwaffe (Ehrenpokal der Luftwaffe).[14] Eight days later, he was transferred to III. Gruppe of JG 54 which was fighting in Defense of the Reich.[3]

Defense of the Reich and death

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In late September 1943, III. Gruppe of JG 54 was under command of Hauptmann Siegfried Schnell and was based at Schwerin.[15] For his 83 aerial victories claimed, Loos was awarded the German Cross in Gold (Deutsches Kreuz in Gold) on 17 October.[14] On 2 December, the Gruppe was moved to Ludwigslust. Loos claimed his first aerial victory in Defense of the Reich on 20 December. That day, the United States Army Air Forces (USAAF) VIII Bomber Command targeted Bremen in northern Germany. III. Gruppe was scrambled at 11:10 and intercepted the bombers and their fighter escorts at 12:00 in the area of Bremen following their bomb run. In this encounter, Loos claimed a Boeing B-17 Flying Fortress bomber shot down.[16]

Loos claimed his second B-17 bomber on 11 January 1944 when pilots of III. Gruppe claimed ten B-17 bombers and two escorting North American P-51 Mustang fighters.[17] On 5 February, he was awarded the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross (Ritterkreuz des Eisernen Kreuzes).[18] Loos was promoted to Oberleutnant (first lieutenant) and appointed Staffelkapitän (squadron leader) of 9. Staffel of JG 54 on 21 February.[14] He succeeded Oberleutnant Wilhelm Schilling who was transferred.[19] On 6 March, Loos flying Bf 109 G-6 (Werknummer 411922—factory number) was shot down in aerial combat near Reinsehlen.[20] His victor may have been Lieutenant John Howell of the 357th Fighter Group.[21] Hanging on his parachute, he was drifting into a high voltage power line. Releasing the parachute at 20 meters (66 feet) he fell to his death.[3] Loos was briefly replaced by Leutnant Alfred Kromer, who was killed only two days later. Command of 9. Staffel was then passed to Hauptmann Emil Lang.[19]

Summary of career

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Aerial victory claims

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According to US historian David T. Zabecki, Loos was credited with 92 aerial victories.[22] Spick also lists him with 92 aerial victories, 78 of which on the Eastern Front and 14 on the Western Front, including two four-engined heavy bombers.[23] Mathews and Foreman, authors of Luftwaffe Aces — Biographies and Victory Claims, researched the German Federal Archives and found records for 84 aerial victory claims, all but one four-engined heavy bomber on the Eastern Front.[24]

Victory claims were logged to a map-reference (PQ = Planquadrat), for example "PQ 36 Ost 10473". The Luftwaffe grid map (Jägermeldenetz) covered all of Europe, western Russia and North Africa and was composed of rectangles measuring 15 minutes of latitude by 30 minutes of longitude, an area of about 360 square miles (930 km2). These sectors were then subdivided into 36 smaller units to give a location area 3 km × 4 km (1.9 mi × 2.5 mi) in size.[25]

Chronicle of aerial victories
  This and the ♠ (Ace of spades) indicates those aerial victories which made Loos an "ace-in-a-day", a term which designates a fighter pilot who has shot down five or more airplanes in a single day.
  This and the ? (question mark) indicates information discrepancies listed by Prien, Stemmer, Rodeike, Balke, Bock, Mathews and Foreman.
Claim Date Time Type Location Claim Date Time Type Location
– 3. Staffel of Jagdgeschwader 54 –[26]
Eastern Front — February 1943
1 19 February 1943 15:23 Pe-2 PQ 36 Ost 10473[27]
25 km (16 mi) northeast of Lubań 		2 22 February 1943 16:04 LaGG-3 PQ 36 Ost 00423[27]
Puskin-Mga
– 1. Staffel of Jagdgeschwader 54 –[24]
Eastern Front — 4 February – 28 September 1943
3 2 March 1943 11:32 I-16 PQ 26 Ost 90272[28]
20 km (12 mi) south of Lomonosov 		44 7 August 1943 11:28 P-40 PQ 35 Ost 54581[29]
25 km (16 mi) northeast of Karachev
4 22 March 1943 11:52 LaGG-3 PQ 36 Ost 00411[30]
10 km (6.2 mi) east of Pushkin 		45 7 August 1943 11:39 P-40 PQ 35 Ost 54594[29]
30 km (19 mi) northeast of Karachev
5 8 April 1943 18:06 La-5 PQ 36 Ost 00243[31]
20 km (12 mi) southeast of Leningrad 		46 8 August 1943 18:36 Pe-2 PQ 35 Ost 54823[29]
25 km (16 mi) southwest of Bolkhov
6 24 May 1943 19:35 Il-2 PQ 35 Ost 09814[32] 47 8 August 1943 18:47 Il-2 PQ 35 Ost 53281[29]
25 km (16 mi) southwest of Oryol
7 24 May 1943 19:38 P-40 PQ 35 Ost 09833[32] 48 9 August 1943 12:05 Il-2 PQ 35 Ost 61724[29]
20 km (12 mi) east-southeast of Zolochiv
8 24 May 1943 19:41 Il-2 PQ 35 Ost 19741[32]
20 km (12 mi) northwest of Staraya Russa 		49 12 August 1943 09:17 La-5 PQ 35 Ost 41692[29]
9 24 May 1943 19:50 Il-2 PQ 35 Ost 19761[32]
15 km (9.3 mi) north-northeast of Staraya Russa 		50 12 August 1943 17:25 Il-2 PQ 35 Ost 41633[29]
10♠ 5 July 1943 09:55 LaGG-3 PQ 35 Ost 63751[33]
40 km (25 mi) southwest of Maloarkhangelsk 		51 12 August 1943 17:28 Il-2 PQ 35 Ost 41631[29]
11♠ 5 July 1943 10:03 LaGG-3 PQ 35 Ost 63863[33]
45 km (28 mi) north-northwest of Kursk 		52 12 August 1943 17:29 Il-2 PQ 35 Ost 41632[34]
12♠ 5 July 1943 18:32 LaGG-3 PQ 35 Ost 63553[33]
15 km (9.3 mi) west-southwest of Maloarkhangelsk 		53 13 August 1943 16:44 LaGG-3 PQ 35 Ost 61713[34]
10 km (6.2 mi) southeast of Zolochiv
13♠ 5 July 1943 18:43 Il-2 PQ 35 Ost 73573[33] 54 13 August 1943 17:00 LaGG-3 PQ 35 Ost 51711[34]
10 km (6.2 mi) southeast of Zolochiv
14♠ 5 July 1943 18:48 Il-2 PQ 35 Ost 63694[33]
30 km (19 mi) east-southeast of Maloarkhangelsk 		55 13 August 1943 19:02 LaGG-3 PQ 35 Ost 61351[34]
20 km (12 mi) west of Belgorod
15 7 July 1943 05:15 Il-2 PQ 35 Ost 63494[35]
20 km (12 mi) south-southwest of Maloarkhangelsk 		56 15 August 1943 11:07 La-5 PQ 35 Ost 51814[34]
10 km (6.2 mi) north of Bogodukhov
16 8 July 1943 17:38 La-5 PQ 35 Ost 63574[35]
35 km (22 mi) southwest of Maloarkhangelsk 		57 16 August 1943 11:18 La-5 PQ 35 Ost 51644[34]
south of Grayvoron
17 9 July 1943 12:09 LaGG-3 PQ 35 Ost 63683[35]
20 km (12 mi) southeast of Maloarkhangelsk 		58 18 August 1943 07:38 La-5 PQ 35 Ost 60181[34]
Gulf of Finland, north of Kunda
18?[Note 2] 9 July 1943 12:10 Il-2 PQ 35 Ost 63649[35] 59 18 August 1943 07:41 La-5 PQ 35 Ost 60131[34]
Gulf of Finland, north of Kunda
19 9 July 1943 12:16 La-5 PQ 35 Ost 63672[35]
15 km (9.3 mi) southeast of Maloarkhangelsk 		60 18 August 1943 07:49 Il-2 PQ 35 Ost 60163[34]
Gulf of Finland, north of Kunda
20 10 July 1943 14:31 Il-2 PQ 35 Ost 63575[37]
15 km (9.3 mi) northeast of Oboyan 		61 18 August 1943 07:51 Il-2 PQ 35 Ost 60163[34]
Gulf of Finland, north of Kunda
21 12 July 1943 17:27 La-5 PQ 35 Ost 64247[37]
25 km (16 mi) west-northwest of Plavsk 		62 19 August 1943 13:13 Pe-2 PQ 35 Ost 51354[34]
30 km (19 mi) northwest of Grayvoron
22 12 July 1943 17:32 La-5 PQ 35 Ost 64424[37]
40 km (25 mi) east-southeast of Belyov 		63 19 August 1943 15:33 P-39 PQ 35 Ost 51721[34]
20 km (12 mi) northwest of Bogodukhov
23 13 July 1943 12:24 Yak-7 PQ 35 Ost 54499[37]
30 km (19 mi) northwest of Bolkhov 		64 19 August 1943 15:39 P-39 PQ 35 Ost 51811[34]
10 km (6.2 mi) north of Bogodukhov
24 13 July 1943 12:29 Yak-7 PQ 35 Ost 64489[37]
20 km (12 mi) northwest of Bolkhov 		65 20 August 1943 18:20 La-5 PQ 35 Ost 51792[38]
15 km (9.3 mi) south-southwest of Bogodukhov
25 14 July 1943 16:37 MiG-3 PQ 35 Ost 54442[37]
30 km (19 mi) northwest of Bolkhov 		66 20 August 1943 18:21 La-5 PQ 35 Ost 51871[38]
10 km (6.2 mi) south of Bogodukhov
26 18 July 1943 06:54 LaGG-3 PQ 35 Ost 54484[39]
20 km (12 mi) northwest of Bolkhov 		67 20 August 1943 18:24 La-5 PQ 35 Ost 51844[38]
vicinity of Bogodukhov
27 21 July 1943 19:52 LaGG-3 PQ 35 Ost 54655[39]
20 km (12 mi) west-southwest of Bolkhov 		68 21 August 1943 06:58 La-5 PQ 35 Ost 51672[38]
15 km (9.3 mi) north of Bogodukhov
28 31 July 1943 09:43?[Note 3] LaGG-3 PQ 35 Ost 54861[39]
10 km (6.2 mi) southwest of Bolkhov 		69 21 August 1943 07:02 La-5 PQ 35 Ost 51643[38]
south of Grayvoron
29 1 August 1943 14:16 Yak-9 PQ 35 Ost 54652[39]
20 km (12 mi) west-southwest of Bolkhov 		70 21 August 1943 16:00 Il-2 PQ 35 Ost 51544[38]
northeast of Bogodukhov
30 2 August 1943 17:07 Il-2 PQ 35 Ost 54663[29]
10 km (6.2 mi) southwest of Bolkhov 		71 22 August 1943 07:35 La-5 PQ 35 Ost 51572[38]
northeast of Bogodukhov
31 2 August 1943 17:09 Il-2 PQ 35 Ost 54543[29]
25 km (16 mi) north-northeast of Karachev 		72 22 August 1943 10:24 La-5 PQ 35 Ost 51513[38]
area northeast of Bogodukhov
32 3 August 1943 14:06 Il-2 PQ 35 Ost 53121[29]
20 km (12 mi) east-southeast of Tschaikowka 		73 22 August 1943 14:25 Pe-2 PQ 35 Ost 60242[38]
Gulf of Finland, north of Kunda
33 3 August 1943 16:42 LaGG-3 PQ 35 Ost 54724[29]
10 km (6.2 mi) northeast of Woronowo 		74♠ 23 August 1943 06:20 Boston PQ 35 Ost 41654[38]
34 3 August 1943 17:14 Il-2 PQ 35 Ost 54173[29]
20 km (12 mi) north-northwest of Karachev 		75♠ 23 August 1943 06:25 Boston PQ 35 Ost 41663[38]
35♠ 4 August 1943 11:52 La-5 PQ 35 Ost 54583[29]
25 km (16 mi) northeast of Karachev 		76♠ 23 August 1943 06:28 Boston PQ 35 Ost 51514[38]
northeast of Bogodukhov
36♠ 4 August 1943 11:53 Il-2 PQ 35 Ost 54723[29]
10 km (6.2 mi) northeast of Woronowo 		77♠ 23 August 1943 17:02 Pe-2 PQ 35 Ost 60762[38]
20 km (12 mi) northeast of Kharkov
37♠ 4 August 1943 12:01 La-5 PQ 35 Ost 54693[29]
15 km (9.3 mi) south-southwest of Bolkhov 		78♠ 23 August 1943 17:04 Pe-2 PQ 35 Ost 61813[38]
20 km (12 mi) southwest of Vovchansk
38♠ 4 August 1943 12:06 Il-2 PQ 35 Ost 54522[29]
40 km (25 mi) north-northeast of Karachev 		79♠ 23 August 1943 17:06 Il-2 PQ 35 Ost 61744[38]
20 km (12 mi) south-southeast of Zolochiv
39♠ 4 August 1943 15:33 Il-2 PQ 35 Ost 54573[29]
20 km (12 mi) north-northeast of Karachev 		80 21 September 1943 13:32 Il-2 PQ 35 Ost 12461[41]
40♠ 4 August 1943 18:20 LaGG-3 PQ 35 Ost 44571[29]
20 km (12 mi) north-northeast of Karachev 		81 21 September 1943 13:34 Il-2 PQ 35 Ost 12463[41]
41 6 August 1943 12:20?[Note 4] Il-2 PQ 35 Ost 44663[29]
25 km (16 mi) north-northwest of Karachev 		82 22 September 1943 14:42 Il-2?[Note 5] PQ 35 Ost 12483[41]
42 6 August 1943 12:56 La-5 PQ 35 Ost 54591[29]
30 km (19 mi) northeast of Karachev 		83 26 September 1943 09:59 P-39 PQ 35 Ost 15667[41]
30 km (19 mi) west of Schatalowka
43 7 August 1943 08:53 Yak-9 PQ 35 Ost 54594[29]
30 km (19 mi) northeast of Karachev
– 9. Staffel of Jagdgeschwader 54 –[43]
Defense of the Reich — December 1943 – 6 March 1944
84 20 December 1943 12:04 B-17 PQ 05 Ost S/DS[44]
vicinity of Bremen 		85?[Note 2] 11 January 1944 11:30 B-17[45]

Awards

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Notes

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  1. ^ Flight training in the Luftwaffe progressed through the levels A1, A2 and B1, B2, referred to as A/B flight training. A training included theoretical and practical training in aerobatics, navigation, long-distance flights and dead-stick landings. The B courses included high-altitude flights, instrument flights, night landings and training to handle the aircraft in difficult situations.[2]
  2. ^ a b This claim is not listed by Mathews and Foreman.[36]
  3. ^ According to Mathews and Foreman claimed at 09:41.[40]
  4. ^ According to Mathews and Foreman claimed at 12:24.[40]
  5. ^ According to Mathews and Foreman claimed as a Lavochkin-Gorbunov-Gudkov LaGG-3.[42]
  6. ^ According to Scherzer as pilot in the 1./Jagdgeschwader 54.[49]

References

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Citations

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  1. ^ Weal 2007, p. 67.
  2. ^ Bergström, Antipov & Sundin 2003, p. 17.
  3. ^ a b c Obermaier 1989, p. 160.
  4. ^ Dixon 2023, pp. 68–69.
  5. ^ Prien et al. 2012, p. 85.
  6. ^ Prien et al. 2012, pp. 90, 165, 170.
  7. ^ Prien et al. 2012, pp. 127, 129.
  8. ^ Prien et al. 2012, pp. 129–130, 176.
  9. ^ Bergström 2007, p. 49.
  10. ^ Prien et al. 2012, p. 137.
  11. ^ Prien et al. 2012, pp. 141–142, 180.
  12. ^ Prien et al. 2012, pp. 142–143.
  13. ^ Prien et al. 2012, pp. 145, 182.
  14. ^ a b c d Dixon 2023, p. 69.
  15. ^ Prien et al. 2009, p. 281.
  16. ^ Prien et al. 2009, pp. 279–280, 285.
  17. ^ Prien et al. 2019, pp. 436, 450.
  18. ^ Dixon 2023, p. 68.
  19. ^ a b Prien et al. 2019, p. 446.
  20. ^ Prien et al. 2019, p. 455.
  21. ^ Bucholtz 2010, p. 96.
  22. ^ Zabecki 2014, p. 1614.
  23. ^ Spick 1996, p. 234.
  24. ^ a b Mathews & Foreman 2015, pp. 768–770.
  25. ^ Planquadrat.
  26. ^ Mathews & Foreman 2015, p. 768.
  27. ^ a b Prien et al. 2012, p. 170.
  28. ^ Prien et al. 2012, p. 171.
  29. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v Prien et al. 2012, p. 180.
  30. ^ Prien et al. 2012, p. 172.
  31. ^ Prien et al. 2012, p. 173.
  32. ^ a b c d Prien et al. 2012, p. 174.
  33. ^ a b c d e Prien et al. 2012, p. 176.
  34. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m Prien et al. 2012, p. 181.
  35. ^ a b c d e Prien et al. 2012, p. 177.
  36. ^ Mathews & Foreman 2015, pp. 768, 770.
  37. ^ a b c d e f Prien et al. 2012, p. 178.
  38. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o Prien et al. 2012, p. 182.
  39. ^ a b c d Prien et al. 2012, p. 179.
  40. ^ a b Mathews & Foreman 2015, p. 769.
  41. ^ a b c d Prien et al. 2012, p. 185.
  42. ^ Mathews & Foreman 2015, p. 770.
  43. ^ Mathews & Foreman 2015, p. 1160.
  44. ^ Prien et al. 2009, p. 285.
  45. ^ Prien et al. 2019, p. 450.
  46. ^ Patzwall 2008, p. 137.
  47. ^ Patzwall & Scherzer 2001, p. 284.
  48. ^ Fellgiebel 2000, p. 295.
  49. ^ Scherzer 2007, p. 513.

Bibliography

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  • Bergström, Christer [in Swedish]; Antipov, Vlad; Sundin, Claes (2003). Graf & Grislawski – A Pair of Aces. Hamilton MT: Eagle Editions. ISBN 978-0-9721060-4-7.
  • Bergström, Christer [in Swedish] (2007). Kursk—The Air Battle: July 1943. Hersham, Surrey: Classic Publications. ISBN 978-1-903223-88-8.
  • Bergström, Christer [in Swedish]. "Bergström Black Cross/Red Star website". Identifying a Luftwaffe Planquadrat. Archived from the original on 22 December 2018. Retrieved 16 January 2024.
  • Bucholtz, Chris (2010). Mustang Aces of the 357th Fighter Group. Aircraft of the Aces. Vol. 96. Oxford, UK: Osprey Publishing. ISBN 978-1-84603-985-0.
  • Dixon, Jeremy (2023). Day Fighter Aces of the Luftwaffe: Knight's Cross Holders 1943–1945. Barnsley: Pen and Sword Books. ISBN 978-1-39903-073-1.
  • Fellgiebel, Walther-Peer [in German] (2000) [1986]. Die Träger des Ritterkreuzes des Eisernen Kreuzes 1939–1945 — Die Inhaber der höchsten Auszeichnung des Zweiten Weltkrieges aller Wehrmachtteile [The Bearers of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross 1939–1945 — The Owners of the Highest Award of the Second World War of all Wehrmacht Branches] (in German). Friedberg, Germany: Podzun-Pallas. ISBN 978-3-7909-0284-6.
  • Mathews, Andrew Johannes; Foreman, John (2015). Luftwaffe Aces — Biographies and Victory Claims — Volume 2 G–L. Walton on Thames: Red Kite. ISBN 978-1-906592-19-6.
  • Obermaier, Ernst (1989). Die Ritterkreuzträger der Luftwaffe Jagdflieger 1939 – 1945 [The Knight's Cross Bearers of the Luftwaffe Fighter Force 1939 – 1945] (in German). Mainz, Germany: Verlag Dieter Hoffmann. ISBN 978-3-87341-065-7.
  • Patzwall, Klaus D.; Scherzer, Veit (2001). Das Deutsche Kreuz 1941 – 1945 Geschichte und Inhaber Band II [The German Cross 1941 – 1945 History and Recipients Volume 2] (in German). Norderstedt, Germany: Verlag Klaus D. Patzwall. ISBN 978-3-931533-45-8.
  • Patzwall, Klaus D. (2008). Der Ehrenpokal für besondere Leistung im Luftkrieg [The Honor Goblet for Outstanding Achievement in the Air War] (in German). Norderstedt, Germany: Verlag Klaus D. Patzwall. ISBN 978-3-931533-08-3.
  • Prien, Jochen; Stemmer, Gerhard; Rodeike, Peter; Bock, Winfried (2009). Die Jagdfliegerverbände der Deutschen Luftwaffe 1934 bis 1945—Teil 10/III—Reichsverteidigung—1.1. bis 31.12.1943 [The Fighter Units of the German Air Force 1934 to 1945—Part 10/III—Defense of the Reich—1 January to 31 December 1943] (in German). Eutin, Germany: Struve-Druck. ISBN 978-3-923457-89-2.
  • Prien, Jochen; Stemmer, Gerhard; Rodeike, Peter; Bock, Winfried (2012). Die Jagdfliegerverbände der Deutschen Luftwaffe 1934 bis 1945—Teil 12/III—Einsatz im Osten—4.2. bis 31.12.1943 [The Fighter Units of the German Air Force 1934 to 1945—Part 12/III—Action in the East—4 February to 31 December 1943] (in German). Eutin, Germany: Buchverlag Rogge. ISBN 978-3-942943-07-9.
  • Prien, Jochen; Balke, Ulf; Stemmer, Gerhard; Bock, Winfried (2019). Die Jagdfliegerverbände der Deutschen Luftwaffe 1934 bis 1945—Teil 13/V—Einsatz im Reichsverteidigung und im Westen—1.1. bis 31.12.1944 [The Fighter Units of the German Air Force 1934 to 1945—Part 13/V—Action in the Defense of the Reich and in the West—1 January to 31 December 1944] (in German). Eutin, Germany: Struve-Druck. ISBN 978-3-942943-21-5.
  • Scherzer, Veit (2007). Die Ritterkreuzträger 1939–1945 Die Inhaber des Ritterkreuzes des Eisernen Kreuzes 1939 von Heer, Luftwaffe, Kriegsmarine, Waffen-SS, Volkssturm sowie mit Deutschland verbündeter Streitkräfte nach den Unterlagen des Bundesarchives [The Knight's Cross Bearers 1939–1945 The Holders of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross 1939 by Army, Air Force, Navy, Waffen-SS, Volkssturm and Allied Forces with Germany According to the Documents of the Federal Archives] (in German). Jena, Germany: Scherzers Militaer-Verlag. ISBN 978-3-938845-17-2.
  • Spick, Mike (1996). Luftwaffe Fighter Aces. New York: Ivy Books. ISBN 978-0-8041-1696-1.
  • Weal, John (2007). More Bf 109 Aces of the Russian Front. Aircraft of the Aces. Vol. 76. Oxford, UK: Osprey Publishing. ISBN 978-1-84603-177-9.
  • Zabecki, David T., ed. (2014). Germany at War: 400 Years of Military History. Santa Barbara, California: ABC-Clio. ISBN 978-1-59884-981-3.
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