Galeodes

Galeodes
	Galeodes caspius
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Arthropoda
Subphylum:	Chelicerata
Class:	Arachnida
Order:	Solifugae
Family:	Galeodidae
Genus:	Galeodes; Olivier, 1791
Type species
	Galeodes araneoides; (Pallas, 1772)
Species
	174, see text

Galeodes is a genus of solifuges or sun spiders. The nearly 200 species in this genus are found in northern Africa, southeastern Europe and Asia. Like other solifuges, they are mainly nocturnal and found in arid habitats. They often have long hairy appendages and are not as stout bodied or dark and contrastingly coloured as some other solifuges. Some Galeodes species are able to produce sounds by stridulation. These are usually raspy or hiss-like and may be imitations of the sounds of vipers, to serve a defensive function.^[1] As in other solifuges, mating involves the male depositing a spermatogonia that is manipulated into the female genital opening using their chelicera. The male strokes the female using the palps allowing her to be approached. Females will often feed on males before or after mating. The female then deposits the eggs in a burrow in soil and in some species guards them.^[2]

Species

As of October 2022^[update], the World Solifugae Catalog accepts the following 174 species:^[3]

Galeodes abessinicus Roewer, 1934 — Ethiopia
Galeodes adamsi (Turk, 1947) — Iraq
Galeodes afghanus Pocock, 1895 — Afghanistan, Pakistan
Galeodes agilis Pocock, 1895 — India
Galeodes anatoliae Turk, 1960 — Turkey
Galeodes annandalei Hirst, 1908 — India, Pakistan
Galeodes arabs C.L. Koch, 1842 — North Africa, Middle East
Galeodes araneoides (Pallas, 1772) — Middle East, Turkmenistan, Afghanistan, Kazakhstan, Ukraine, Armenia, Azerbaijan
Galeodes armeniacus Birula, 1929 — Turkey, Armenia, Azerbaijan
Galeodes ater (Roewer, 1960) — Afghanistan
Galeodes atriceps Roewer, 1934 — Iran, Israel
Galeodes atroluteus (Roewer, 1960) — Afghanistan
Galeodes atrospinatus (Roewer, 1941) — Pakistan
Galeodes aulicus Hirst, 1908 — Iran
Galeodes auronitens Birula, 1905 — Iran
Galeodes australis Pocock, 1900 — India
Galeodes babylonicus Roewer, 1934 — Iraq, Israel
Galeodes bacillatus Birula, 1905 — Iran
Galeodes bacillifer Pocock, 1900 — Afghanistan, Iran, Pakistan
Galeodes bacilliferoides Roewer, 1934 — Iran, Iraq, Pakistan
Galeodes bactrianus Birula, 1937 — Kazakhstan, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan
Galeodes barbarus Lucas, 1849 — North Africa
Galeodes belutschistanus (Roewer, 1934) — Afghanistan, Pakistan
Galeodes bengalicus (Roewer, 1934) — India
Galeodes bicolor Roewer, 1934 — Israel, Pakistan
Galeodes blanchardi Simon, 1891 — Algeria, Libya, Morocco, Togo, Tunisia
Galeodes bocharicus Roewer, 1934 — Uzbekistan
Galeodes bogojavlenskii Birula, 1906 — Iraq, Israel, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan
Galeodes bubi Birula, 1937 — Uzbekistan
Galeodes caspius Birula, 1890 — Central Asia, Azerbaijan, China, Iran, Israel
Galeodes chitralensis Hirst, 1908 — Pakistan
Galeodes citrinus Pocock, 1895 — Iran, Pakistan
Galeodes clavatus Roewer, 1934 — Tunisia
Galeodes claviger Kraus, 1959 — Iran
Galeodes conversus Roewer, 1934 — Azerbaijan, Turkey
Galeodes crassichelis Roewer, 1934 — Tunisia
Galeodes ctenogaster (Roewer, 1934) — India
Galeodes ctenoides Roewer, 1934 — Iran
Galeodes cursor (Roewer, 1934) — Pakistan
Galeodes dahlahensis Harvey, 2002 — Afghanistan
Galeodes darendensis Harvey, 2002 — Turkey
Galeodes darius Pocock, 1895 — Iraq, Israel
Galeodes dekanicus (Roewer, 1934) — India
Galeodes dellacaveae Harvey, 2002 — Somalia
Galeodes discolor Kraepelin, 1899 — Iran
Galeodes distinctus (Roewer, 1934) — Lebanon
Galeodes edentatus Benoit, 1964 — Sudan
Galeodes egregius Roewer, 1934 — Azerbaijan
Galeodes elegans Roewer, 1934 — North Macedonia
Galeodes ephippiatus Roewer, 1941 — Iran
Galeodes excelsius (Lawrence, 1956) — Afghanistan
Galeodes fatalis (Lichtenstein, 1796) — Afghanistan, Bangladesh, India
Galeodes fessanus (Roewer, 1934) — Libya
Galeodes festivus Hirst, 1908 — Iran
Galeodes flavivittatus (Roewer, 1934) — Algeria
Galeodes forcipatus Roewer, 1934 — Turkey
Galeodes franki (Kraus, 1959) — Iran
Galeodes fremitans (Roewer, 1934) — Pakistan
Galeodes fumigatus Walter, 1889 — Iran, Turkmenistan
Galeodes graecus C.L. Koch, 1842 — Armenia, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Egypt, Greece, Syria, Turkey
Galeodes granti Pocock, 1903 — Egypt, Ethiopia, Israel, Sudan, Syria, Yemen
Galeodes gravelyi (Roewer, 1934) — India
Galeodes gromovi Harvey, 2002 — Azerbaijan, Iraq, Turkey
Galeodes hakkariensis Erdek, 2021 — Turkey
Galeodes hellenicus Roewer, 1934 — Greece
Galeodes indicus Pocock, 1900 — India
Galeodes inermis (Caporiacco, 1941) — Ethiopia
Galeodes insidiator (Roewer, 1934) — Yemen
Galeodes interjectus (Roewer, 1960) — Afghanistan
Galeodes intermedius (Frade, 1948) — Guinea-Bissau
Galeodes interritus Roewer, 1934 — Iran
Galeodes karunensis Birula, 1905 — Iran
Galeodes kermanensis Birula, 1905 — Iran
Galeodes koeiena Lawrence, 1956 — Afghanistan
Galeodes kozlovi Birula, 1911 — China, Mongolia, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan
Galeodes kraepelini Roewer, 1934 — Egypt
Galeodes krausi Harvey, 2002 — Iran
Galeodes lacertosus Roewer, 1934 — Iraq, Saudi Arabia, Yemen
Galeodes laevipalpis Birula, 1905 — Uzbekistan
Galeodes laniator Roewer, 1934 — Iraq, Israel
Galeodes lapidosus Roewer, 1934 — Turkey
Galeodes lawrencei Harvey, 2002 — Iraq
Galeodes levyi Harvey, 2002 — Israel, Saudi Arabia, Syria
Galeodes limitatus (Roewer, 1960) — Afghanistan
Galeodes lindbergi Roewer, 1960 — Afghanistan
Galeodes litigiosus Roewer, 1934 — Yemen
Galeodes loeffleri Roewer, 1952 — Iran
Galeodes luteipalpis (Roewer, 1960) — Afghanistan
Galeodes lybicus Roewer, 1941 — Libya
Galeodes lycaonis Turk, 1960 — Turkey
Galeodes macmahoni Pocock, 1900 — Afghanistan, Iran, Pakistan
Galeodes marginatus Roewer, 1961 — Turkey
Galeodes mauryi Harvey, 2002 — Afghanistan
Galeodes medusae Turk, 1960 — Egypt
Galeodes melanalis Roewer, 1934 — Pakistan
Galeodes melanopalpus (Roewer, 1934) — Pakistan
Galeodes minimus Roewer, 1934 — Morocco
Galeodes minitor Roewer, 1934 — Morocco
Galeodes mongolicus Roewer, 1934 — Mongolia
Galeodes montivagans Roewer, 1934 — China
Galeodes mosconibronzii (Caporiacco, 1937) — Somalia
Galeodes nachitschevanicus Aliev, 1985 — Azerbaijan
Galeodes nigrichelis (Roewer, 1934) — Azerbaijan
Galeodes notatus (Roewer, 1960) — Afghanistan
Galeodes olivieri Simon, 1879 — Algeria, Mauritania, Morocco, Niger, Senegal, Togo, Tunisia
Galeodes orientalis Stoliczka, 1869 — Syria, India
Galeodes pallescens Hirst, 1908 — India
Galeodes palpalis Roewer, 1934 — Tunisia
Galeodes parvus Roewer, 1934 — Pakistan
Galeodes perotis Roewer, 1934 — Cameroon
Galeodes philippovi (Birula, 1941) — Yemen
Galeodes philippoviczi Birula, 1937 — Turkmenistan
Galeodes pinkasi Turk, 1960 — Jordan
Galeodes pirzadanus (Lawrence, 1956) — Afghanistan
Galeodes pococki Birula, 1905 — Iran, Pakistan
Galeodes przevalskii Birula, 1905 — China, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan
Galeodes pugnator (Roewer, 1934) — Pakistan
Galeodes pusillus (Roewer, 1934) — Algeria, Israel
Galeodes rapax (Roewer, 1934) — Kyrgyzstan or Uzbekistan, China, Kazakhstan
Galeodes reimoseri Roewer, 1934 — Ethiopia
Galeodes revestitus Roewer, 1934 — Morocco
Galeodes rhamses Roewer, 1934 — Egypt
Galeodes rhodicola Roewer, 1941 — Greece
Galeodes roeweri Turk, 1948 — Israel
Galeodes rufogriseus (Roewer, 1960) — Afghanistan
Galeodes rufulus Pocock, 1900 — Pakistan, India
Galeodes ruptor Roewer, 1934 — Greece, Turkey
Galeodes sabulosus Pocock, 1900 — India, Pakistan
Galeodes sarpolensis Harvey, 2002 — Afghanistan
Galeodes schach Birula, 1905 — Turkey, Iran
Galeodes schendicus Roewer, 1934 — Sudan
Galeodes scythicus Roewer, 1934 — Uzbekistan or Turkmenistan
Galeodes sedulus Roewer, 1934 — China
Galeodes sejugatus (Roewer, 1934) — Kyrgyzstan or Uzbekistan, China, Kazakhstan
Galeodes separandus Roewer, 1934 — Turkey
Galeodes setipes Birula, 1905 — Uzbekistan
Galeodes setulosus Birula, 1937 — Tajikistan, Uzbekistan
Galeodes signatus Roewer, 1934 — Pakistan
Galeodes simplex Roewer, 1934 — Tunisia
Galeodes smirnovi Birula, 1937 — Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan
Galeodes somalicus Roewer, 1934 — Somalia
Galeodes spectabilis (Roewer, 1934) — Pakistan
Galeodes starmuehlneri Roewer, 1952 — Iran
Galeodes striatipalpis (Roewer, 1960) — Afghanistan
Galeodes subbarbarus Caporiacco, 1941 — Ethiopia
Galeodes subsimilis Roewer, 1934 — Turkey
Galeodes sulfuripes Roewer, 1934 — Iraq, Israel
Galeodes sulphureopilosus Birula, 1905 — Tajikistan, Uzbekistan
Galeodes tangkharzarensis Harvey, 2002 — Afghanistan
Galeodes tarabulus (Roewer, 1934) — Libya
Galeodes taurus (Roewer, 1934) — Turkey
Galeodes testaceus (Roewer, 1960) — Afghanistan
Galeodes theodori Turk, 1960 — Egypt
Galeodes tillmani (Whittick, 1939) — Somalia
Galeodes timbuktus (Roewer, 1934) — Mali, Nigeria
Galeodes toelgi Werner, 1922 — Turkey
Galeodes trichotichnus (Roewer, 1934) — Iran
Galeodes trinkleri (Roewer, 1934) — Afghanistan
Galeodes tripolitanus (Roewer, 1934) — Libya, Morocco
Galeodes truculentus Pocock, 1899 — Iran
Galeodes turanus Roewer, 1934 — Uzbekistan
Galeodes turcmenicus Birula, 1937 — Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan
Galeodes turkestanus Kraepelin, 1899 — Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan
Galeodes turki Harvey, 2002 — India
Galeodes tuxeni (Lawrence, 1956) — Afghanistan
Galeodes uzbecus Roewer, 1941 — Kazakhstan, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan
Galeodes veemi Whittick, 1939 — Egypt
Galeodes venator Simon, 1879 — Algeria, Morocco, Tunisia
Galeodes ventralis Roewer, 1934 — Yemen
Galeodes versicolor (Lawrence, 1956) — Afghanistan
Galeodes viridipilosus Roewer, 1941 — Turkey
Galeodes vittatus (Roewer, 1941) — Iran
Galeodes wadaicus Roewer, 1934 — Chad
Galeodes zarudnyi Birula, 1937 — Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan

References

^ Hrušková-Martišová, Martina; Stano Pekár; Alexandr Gromov (2008). "Analysis of the Stridulation in Solifuges (Arachnida: Solifugae)". Journal of Insect Behavior. 21 (5): 440–449. Bibcode:2008JIBeh..21..440H. doi:10.1007/s10905-008-9141-4. S2CID 38573871.
^ Hrušková-Martišová, Martina; Stano Pekár; Alexandr Gromov (2008). "Biology of Galeodes caspius subfuscus (Solifugae, Galeodidae)" (PDF). The Journal of Arachnology. 35 (3): 546–550. doi:10.1636/joa/06-64.1. S2CID 83513334. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2010-12-13. Retrieved 2011-04-07.
^ "Galeodes Olivier, 1791". World Solifugae Catalog. Natural History Museum Bern. 2022. Retrieved 25 October 2022.

[1] Hrušková-Martišová, Martina; Stano Pekár; Alexandr Gromov (2008). "Analysis of the Stridulation in Solifuges (Arachnida: Solifugae)". Journal of Insect Behavior. 21 (5): 440–449. Bibcode:2008JIBeh..21..440H. doi:10.1007/s10905-008-9141-4. S2CID 38573871.

[2] Hrušková-Martišová, Martina; Stano Pekár; Alexandr Gromov (2008). "Biology of Galeodes caspius subfuscus (Solifugae, Galeodidae)" (PDF). The Journal of Arachnology. 35 (3): 546–550. doi:10.1636/joa/06-64.1. S2CID 83513334. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2010-12-13. Retrieved 2011-04-07.

[3] "Galeodes Olivier, 1791". World Solifugae Catalog. Natural History Museum Bern. 2022. Retrieved 25 October 2022.

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